Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants最新文献

{"title":"Bulked Segregant RNA-Seq analysis reveals a distinct expression profile associated with seed physical dormancy in Chinese bottle gourd hybrid variety 'Zhepu No. 9'.","authors":"Xiaohua Wu, Ying Wang, Xinyi Wu, Baogen Wang, Zhongfu Lu, Guojing Li, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01667-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01667-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher plants commonly exhibit the adaptive characteristic of seed physical dormancy (PY). The resolution of breaking seed PY is thus of considerable significance for bottle gourd breeding and seed quality improvement. However, the molecular mechanism of PY remains indistinct. Here, by bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq), we used an F₂ population derived from a cross between two bottle gourd inbred lines, PY-D (dormant) and PY-ND (non-dormant), to explore the molecular mechanism of PY. A QTL for seed dormancy designated <i>Qsd2.1</i> was identified on chromosome 2. A total of 3250 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two bulks were analyzed, and 15 DEGs were involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of pectin. Through the measurement of pectin contents and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses, we finally identified <i>HG_GLEAN_10014054</i> as a strong candidate gene for seed PY, which shows the sequence polymorphisms between the parents and encodes the exocyst complex component SEC3A. Furthermore, a core collection of 193 bottle gourd accessions was screened using a kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) marker developed from <i>HG_GLEAN_10014054</i>. Based on the examination of core samples, natural variation in the <i>HG_GLEAN_10014054</i> allele was also noted. Our findings open up new genetic insights for breaking PY in the further application of bottle gourd breeding and help clarify the genetic underpinnings of seed PY in bottle gourd.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01667-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"1929-1945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico evolutionary origin, structural properties, molecular docking, following expression analysis of the nitrate transporters in maize to explore their roles in abiotic stress tolerance.","authors":"Md Sohel Mia, Rui Li, Tao Yang, Fang Li, Jianbo Mi, Chao Xia, M Atikur Rahman, Md Mahmudul Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01669-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01669-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nitrogen (N), which serves as the structural building block of protein, is essential for long-distance transfer from source to sink in plants for proper growth and development. Long-distance N transport occurs through either diffusion-based passive transport or active transport mediated by transporter proteins. In maize, N transporters have a significant impact on long-distance N transport and total N accumulation in seeds. To investigate the critical roles of these transporters in nutrient balance, total N accumulation, and tolerance to abiotic stresses, a series of bioinformatics analyses, following qRT-PCR, and experimental subcellular localization were conducted. Following phylogenetic analysis, maize nitrate transporters (ZmNRTs) shared three different clades (NRT1/PTR, NRT2, and NRT3). Significant differences in molecular weight, as well as multiple beta-strands, multiple alpha helices, and transmembrane helices, were observed in ZmNRTs. The majority of the transporters are found to be localized in the plasma membrane. The transporters showed the highest homolog pairs (63) with &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;italica,&lt;/i&gt; revealing their similar functional properties. Gene ontology analysis reveals that ZmNRTs play significant role in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. During molecular docking analysis, the lowest binding affinity (ΔG: - 3.7 kcal/mol) in ZmNRT1c4D-Nit might reveal their binding integrity. During protein-protein interaction, significant interaction of 75 transporters among 83 might be due to their cumulative/interactive roles in the same signaling pathways. Significant upregulation of &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT1.1C, ZmNRT1.6A,&lt;/i&gt; and Z&lt;i&gt;mNRT1.6B,&lt;/i&gt; in node and tassel tissues during qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq experiments might guide their great impact on N transport in vegetative and reproductive tissues. In the same experiments, significant upregulation of &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT1.3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT1c4C&lt;/i&gt; under heat stress in root tissue might guide their great role in heat stress tolerance in maize. Altered expression of &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT1.1C&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT1.1E&lt;/i&gt; under salinity stress, and &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT1.3&lt;/i&gt; under drought stress, might guide their great role in the respective stress conditions. Co-expression of transcription factors, LOC778437 with &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT2.4B&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZmNRT2.4C&lt;/i&gt; genes might reveal their regulatory effect in high-affinity NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; transport and accumulation in maize. Bioinformatics-based prediction following GFP-tagged expression of ZmNRT1.6B protein in plasma membrane might reveal its great role in cellular NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; transport through the cellular membrane. These bioinformatics-based structural analyzes, following wet lab-based validation of maize NRTs, might guide the maize biologists in developing NRT-based genetic circuits to improve the N uptake, transport, mobilization, and accumulation in maize following programming-based genetic circuit-enabled synthetic biology approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"1887-1911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights of plant-microbe interactions for enhancing the growth and productivity of plants under salt stress conditions for agricultural sustainability.","authors":"Babita Sharma, Rajeshwari Negi, S Renuka Jyothi, Anirudh Gupta, Samiksha Jhamta, Neelam Yadav, Narinderpal Kaur, Paridhi Puri, Samrendra Singh Thakur, Subhikshaa Bagavathiappan, Neelam Thakur, Sheikh Shreaz, Tareq A Madouh, Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01654-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01654-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to estimates from United Nations environmental program, salinity affects about 20% of agricultural land and 50% of farmland worldwide. Plants react to salinity stress by undergoing distinctive physiochemical, morphological, and molecular adaptations. Nonetheless, a number of mitigating techniques are also employed to address the severe consequences of salinity. Microbiological solutions are extremely sought in sustainable agriculture since they offer an organic, economical, and environmentally secure substitute for boosting plant development and output. These microbes greatly increase plant resilience towards salinity stress by improving nutrient absorption and water uptake, which is frequently hindered by high salinity. They strengthen plant's defense system by boosting the synthesis of antioxidants and osmoprotectants, which lessen the damage caused by salt stress. Furthermore, plant growth promoting (PGP) microorganisms promote healthier plant growth by lowering levels of stress hormone ethylene and providing growth-promoting compounds including auxins and gibberellins. The PGP microbes uses different strategies to stimulate the genes that keep ion balance stable, mainly by maintaining the expression of transporters and osmoregulation related genes, which is essential for plants to survive under stressed conditions. Thus, defining and interpreting plant-microbe interaction in term of protection against salinity stress has become increasingly important due to the ongoing impact of growing climate changes on plants. Concurrently, it becomes imperative to produce more profound understanding of plant stress-reduction processes in order to translate them into increased productivity. Several cutting-edge omic technologies have allowed us to learn more about the composition and capabilities of microorganisms linked with plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"1815-1829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of KASP marker associated with gynoecious trait using BSA-seq in <i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.","authors":"Eshanee Sharma, Rajinder Kumar Dhall, Neha Verma, Pooja Manchanda, Dharminder Bhatia, Priyanka Kumari, Neha Rana","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01658-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01658-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynoecy is a crucial trait for enhancing yield in cucumber. Phenotypic evaluation of F₂ and backcross populations derived from the Gy-14 × CMVR-1 cross over two growing seasons revealed that gynoecy is governed by an incomplete dominant gene influenced by modifiers or minor gene(s). To map the genomic region associated with this trait, whole genome resequencing based BSA-seq was performed on two extreme bulks (gynoecious and monoecious) along with parental lines derived from 250 F_2:3 individuals of the Gy-14 × CMVR-1 cross. Downstream analysis via QTLseqr and QTLseq identified a major QTL, <i>qCu_gy6.1</i> spanning 24-28 Mb on chromosome 6 using the Cucumber_9930_V3 reference genome. Within this region, 27 SNPs were converted into high-throughput KASP markers, nine of which exhibited polymorphism. A linkage map was created using phenotypic and genotypic data from F_2:3 individuals using QTL IciMapping, that validated and fine mapped the <i>qCu_gy6.1</i> region to 192 kb interval flanked by markers Cgy26200616 (0.4 cM) and Cgy26392478 (11.75 cM). The QTL <i>qCu_gy6.1</i> demonstrated a LOD score of 13.27, accounting for 80.85% of the phenotypic variance, with additive effects of 0.5 and dominant effects of 0.02. This study represents the first report on developing KASP markers for the gynoecious trait in cucumber. Notably, closely linked marker Cgy26200616 (0.4 cM from <i>qCu_gy6.1</i>) showed non-synonym substitution resulting in asparagine to serine conversion in the coding exonic region of <i>AP2-like ethylene transcription factor</i> gene. This finding highlights significant potential for marker assisted selection (MAS) to introgress gynoecy trait into desirable cucumber genotypes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01658-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"1947-1961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of <i>NRT2</i> gene family in Tartary buckwheat suggests the potential role of <i>FtNTR2.4</i> in low nitrogen response.","authors":"Daiying Xu, Yaoxuan Zou, Nan Hu, Han Li, Junjie Yin, Jiting Wang, Xi Wu, Dabing Xiang, Jianglin Zhao, Xiaoqin Zheng, Yan Wan, Yanxia Liu, Changying Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01670-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01670-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrate transporters play important roles in nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in plants. The function of nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) in model plants under low-N (LN) conditions has been studied, but there are few studies on non-model plants, including Tartary buckwheat (an important medicinal and edible crop). In this study, seven <i>NRT2</i> genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat genome. All the FtNRT2 proteins were localized to the cell membrane with 10-12 transmembrane domains, and have the common structural characteristics of NRT2. Expression analysis showed <i>FtNRT2.1</i> was expressed in all tissues, <i>FtNRT2.3/2.4</i> were specifically expressed in roots, and <i>FtNRT2.6/2.7</i> were specifically expressed in seeds. Under LN, the expression of <i>FtNRT2.1/2.4</i> was induced, while <i>FtNRT2.3</i> was suppressed. The root-specific expressed gene <i>FtNRT2.4</i> may be the key NRT2 member for regulating LN response by sequence, molecular docking, and expression analysis. Overexpression of <i>FtNRT2.4</i> in tobacco improved plant growth and N uptake under 0 and 5 mM N conditions. An ancillary protein of FtNRT2.4, FtNRT3.2, was characterized by yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation assays. In addition, 14 transcription factors (TFs) may involve in the regulation of <i>FtNRT2.4</i> expression by co-expression analysis. FtNF-YB8, a TF localized in cytoplasm and nucleus, can bind to the promoter of <i>FtNRT2.4</i> by yeast one-hybrid analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter analysis showed that <i>FtNF-YB8</i> improved the expression of <i>FtNRT2.4</i>. These findings indicated the important role of <i>FtNRT2.4</i> in LN response and provide new insights into the regulatory function of NRT2.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01670-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"2021-2036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of the <i>cycloartenol synthase</i> gene involved in the biosynthesis of the insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone from <i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.","authors":"Harshad A Shirke, Arati P Vasav, Ashwini M Darshetkar, Rucha C Godbole, Swapnil B Kadam, Swaranjali S Patil, Vikas B Naikawadi, P B Kavi Kishor, Tukaram D Nikam, Vitthal T Barvkar","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01656-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01656-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect pests are responsible for significant yield losses across various crops. To mitigate the adverse effects of insect pressures on crop yields, it is essential to implement sustainable insect resistance strategies. Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.), a prominent leafy vegetable, produces 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which offers protection against insect attacks and also have beneficial effects on human health. The detailed structure of 20E is known, however, the complete biosynthetic pathway is still elusive. This study showed a comprehensive genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis and functional characterization of <i>cycloartenol synthase</i> involved in the biosynthesis of 20E in spinach. Phylogenetic analysis of the four newly identified <i>oxidosqualene cyclases</i> (<i>OSCs</i>) from <i>S. oleracea</i> indicates that these <i>OSCs</i> have undergone lineage-specific duplication events and exhibit a clear orthologous relationship. Artificial microRNA (amiRNA)-mediated silencing showed down regulation of <i>S. oleracea cycloartenol synthase</i> (<i>SoCAS</i>) in the silenced plants. Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed a corresponding decrease in related metabolites, including cycloartenol (7.93 fold)<b>,</b> lathosterol (9.45-fold) and 20E (7.77-fold) as compared to non-infiltrated control plants. Furthermore, the overexpression of a codon-optimized full-length <i>SoCAS</i> gene resulted in a marked increase in the accumulation of cycloartenol (30.37-fold), cycloartenol acetate (6.49-fold), and campesterol (8.11-fold) in <i>N. benthamiana</i>, as well as cycloartenol (31.05-fold), lathosterol (20.08-fold) and 20E (21.09-fold) in <i>S. oleracea</i> as compared with non-infiltrated control plants. This study provides a new insight on the role of <i>OSC</i> in the production of cycloartenol and the 20E biosynthesis pathway intermediates in spinach, which could be utilized for the genetic improvement of plants that are resistant to herbivorous insects.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01656-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"1867-1885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin upregulates photosynthesis, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant system under aluminum stress: a sustainable path to higher strawberry yield and quality.","authors":"Hend A Hamed, Marwa T El-Mahdy, Amany H A Abeed","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01655-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-025-01655-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum (Al) toxicity exhibits a challenge for growing strawberries (<i>Fragaria</i> x <i>ananassa</i> Duch), impacting their growth and nutritional value. Considerably in this study, we explored how melatonin, an endogenous plant hormone, can help alleviate Al stress in strawberry plants. The current research examined the effects of foliar spraying melatonin (0,50, and 100 ppm) on growth indicators, photosynthetic pigment levels, carbon and nitrogen assimilation, oxidative stress markers, and fruit quality attributes under Al stress (100 µM) in a controlled pot experiment conducted in a greenhouse. The results revealed that exposure to Al stress significantly reduced the adequate growth, as well as the yield and quality of fruits. Melatonin application improved plant growth parameters, especially at a concentration of 100 ppm, enhancing the levels of photosynthetic pigments and boosting carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. Moreover, melatonin played a role in reducing stress markers while increasing enzymatic antioxidant activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S-transferase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and secondary metabolites (proline, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, reduced glutathione, and phytochelatins), while decreasing polyphenol oxidase activity as well as phenolics content, implying a role in ROS scavenging. The results underscore the promise of melatonin as a method to enhance the ability of strawberries to withstand Al toxicity and promote friendly agricultural practices in polluted soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"1979-2003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submergence stress in plants: molecular mechanisms, physiological changes, and adaptive responses.","authors":"Noreen Iftikhar, Muhammad Saad Bhutta, Narmeen Tariq Zaman, Ayesha Khalid, Ayesha Latif, Saira Azam, Naila Shahid, Aneela Yasmeen, Abdul Qayyum Rao","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01671-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01671-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among abiotic stresses faced by plants, submergence or flooding is a significant factor that limits plant growth and yield. The partial or complete submergence leads to hypoxic conditions that severely restrict the growth of the plants. To survive under the stress, plants employ adaptive strategies like the escape mechanism, where they grow rapidly to rise above the water, or the quiescent strategy, conserving resources until stress conditions improve. The plant undergoes numerous biochemical, molecular, and morphological changes under submergence stress, including alterations in photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, ionic balance, and gene expression, particularly in the group of hypoxia-responsive genes. The plant responds to this stress by modulating a variety of biochemical pathways, including the N-degron pathway, trehalose synthesis pathways, and carbohydrate sensing. The state-of-the-art genetic engineering techniques (GE) can be the way out from this stress, but due to the multigenic reaction from the plant towards the stress, the direct pathway that makes plant submergence tolerant is still unknown and needs to be explored. Moreover, the review considers the known molecular changes that can enhance submergence tolerance in economically important crops, which could help improve agricultural resilience in flood-prone regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"1853-1866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving drought tolerance in rice seedlings through melatonin-induced alterations in root architecture, photosynthetic and antioxidant enzymes.","authors":"Milan Kumar Lal, Ujala Rashmi Sahoo, Laxmipriya Behera, Bandana Mohapatra, Awadhesh Kumar, Rupak Jena, Koushik Chakraborty, Rahul Kumar Tiwari, Ravinder Kumar, M J Baig","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01663-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01663-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress impacts rice growth and development by altering the morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. The current study investigates the effect of melatonin (100 µM) mediated alteration on drought response in three varieties, viz<i>.,</i> Pooja, Swarna and N22, in the seedling stage. The indicators of drought tolerance, such as leaf rolling score (LRS), leaf drying score (LDS), drought recovery score (DRS), root-shoot length, fresh and dry biomass, relative water content, photosynthesis-related parameter, osmolyte and antioxidant defence metabolites and enzymes, were studied. The results suggested that melatonin application reduced LRS, LDS and DRS and enhanced the drought recovery, with N22 having the highest tolerance. Melatonin also improved root and shoot growth, fresh and dry biomass, thereby ameliorating the detrimental effects of drought stress. Melatonin application also significantly improved root architecture, which ultimately leads to improvement of biomass accumulation in all three cultivars. Photosynthetic parameters, which include photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and chlorophyll content, were suggested to decline under drought stress, but were significantly increased due to melatonin treatment, promoting photosynthetic efficiency. Further, drought stress increased proline and sugar content, which was reported to be modulated by the application of melatonin, thereby helping it for osmotic adjustment. The current study highlights melatonin's beneficial role, thereby providing drought tolerance by improving root morphology, photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. These findings revealed that melatonin application could be an effective strategy for improving drought tolerance in rice.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01663-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 11","pages":"2005-2019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesized iron nanoparticles as a promising tool for reducing arsenic stress in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.","authors":"Sanika Jain, Jyoti Mathur","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01638-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01638-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic (As) contamination is a major global environmental concern that severely hampers crop productivity. Traditional chemical fertilizers, though widely used, can exacerbate toxicity when over applied, negatively impacting both plant health and the environment. Nanotechnology- A eco-friendly approach, offers promising alternatives. In this study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were green-synthesized using tea waste and employed to mitigate As stress in three wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars: HD2824, HD3171, and HD2733, commonly grown in As-contaminated regions of India. The FeNPs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), confirming the presence of key functional groups (C = O, -CH₃, C-O, OH), 2θ around 35.608 and an average particle size of ~ 50 nm. Wheat seedlings were treated with 100 mg Kg⁻¹ As, 100 mg Kg⁻¹ As + FeNPs, and a control (no treatment), and their responses were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, and 120 d. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) results revealed maximum As accumulation (43.65 mg kg⁻¹) in HD2733 roots under As treatment at 90 d, which was reduced by 68.64% following FeNPs application. As exposure led to significant reductions in agronomic traits, biochemical parameters, and micronutrient content, while FeNPs treatment reversed these effects. Notably, FeNPs facilitated grain formation even under As stress and prevented As accumulation in grains. This is the first report of such findings, demonstrating the potential of FeNPs in restoring reproductive success and enhancing grain nutritional quality under As toxicity. The study highlights the viability of nano-enabled bioremediation as a sustainable strategy for improving crop performance in As-contaminated soils.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01638-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1663-1684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}