Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants最新文献

{"title":"A review on simultaneous use of microbes and biochar for removal of toxic heavy metals: Recent updates and future outlooks.","authors":"Prabhat K Chauhan, Sudhir K Upadhyay, Avnish Chauhan, Rakesh Bhutiani, R L S Sikarwar, Mahendra Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01649-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01649-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic heavy metal (THM) contamination largely driven by excessive use of synthetic chemicals, mining activities, pharmaceutical products, and industrial effluents, thretens water quality, soil fertility, crop productivity, that ultimately harms both plant and human health. Addressing this global environmental concern requires sustainable and eco-friendly remediation strategies. Present review highlights the pivotal role of microbial communities, whose enzymatic activity and secondary metabolites, such as metalloproteins, siderophores, and exopolysaccharides, and others, facilitate the adsorption, transformation, detoxification of THMs. Additionally, Biochar is highlighted as a promising amendment for mitigating THM pollution due to its ability to absorb and remove THMs, and improve the nutritional value of plants. The integration of biochar with beneficial microbes fosters a synergistic approach, amplifying THM removal efficiency, minimizing toxicity, and promoting plant health. The synergistic application of biochar and microorganism not only enhances the efficiency of heavy metal removal but also contributes to environmental protection and sustainable agriculture. This review article emphasizes the potential natural systems to combat heavy metal contamination, offering practical insights in their application for soil health improvement and global environmental safety.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01649-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1611-1628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating cadmium toxicity in <i>Strobilanthes alternata</i>: Influence of 6-benzylaminopurine in modulating physiological responses and elemental constitution.","authors":"C Akshaya Prakash, Nair G Sarath, Delse P Sebastian, Satheesh George","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01574-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01574-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal contamination of the environment is increasing alarmingly due to increased anthropogenic activities. Among the various heavy metals, cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal requiring urgent removal from soil. <i>Strobilanthes alternata</i>, a herbaceous terrestrial plant, has been reported to be an excellent plant for Cd phytostabilization. The present study investigated the effect of 25 ppm of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) foliar sprays on the modulation of the physiological responses and elemental constitution in <i>S. alternata</i> grown in 250 mg/kg CdCl₂ treated soil. The administration of 6-BAP effectively relieved the toxic effects of Cd by enhancing the total soluble sugar and alkaloid content of leaves by 56 and 250%, respectively, the total soluble protein content of roots by 27%, the phenolic content of roots and leaves by 9 and 10% respectively, and flavonoid content of roots and leaves by 53 and 6% respectively, in Cd-stressed <i>S. alternata</i>. Moreover, the 6-BAP-induced elevation of the thiol content of roots indicated amplified sequestration of Cd, thereby inflicting less damage to the aboveground portions of Cd + 6-BAP-treated plants. This inference was confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis, which revealed high Cd weight percentages in the roots of Cd + 6-BAP-treated plants. The ionomics and CHNS analysis confirmed that 6-BAP ascribable alterations in the elemental content and distribution helped the plant tolerate the adverse effects of Cd in <i>S. alternata</i>. Thus, the 6-BAP treatment could be used as a suitable and ecologically acceptable amendment to reduce Cd-induced damage and enhance the Cd phytostabilization potential in <i>S. alternata</i>.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01574-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1775-1792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the role of OsPIP1;3 in arsenic transport in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.).","authors":"Ahmed G Meselhy, Kareem Mosa, Sudesh Chhikara, Kundan Kumar, Craig Musante, Jason C White, Om Parkash Dhankher","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01657-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01657-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice is the main diet for more than half of the world's population; thus, it gains special interest to ensure it is safe for consumption. Growing rice, especially in flooded paddy fields where the soil or irrigation water is contaminated with Arsenic (As) favors rice to accumulate it in biomass and edible grains. Thus, rice is the primary source of dietary As contamination, which is a major health hazard. Understanding the mechanism of As uptake and developing approaches to restrict the movement of As from soil to different plant tissues are necessary to limit As accumulation in rice. This study investigates the role of rice plasma membrane intrinsic protein, OsPIP1;3, in As transport and translocation from root to shoot in rice. Suppression of <i>OsPIP1;3</i> expression using RNAi (Ri) technology decreases As accumulation in the shoots of transgenic OsPIP1;3 Ri plants by (45.3-45.6%), with no noticeable effect on root arsenic levels. In contrast, constitutive overexpressing (OE) <i>OsPIP1;3</i> increased As in shoots of rice seedlings by 8-29%, with no significant change in root As content compared with WT. At the maturity stage, OsPIP1;3 Ri plants accumulated (29-36%) and (5-21%) less As in shoot and flag leaves, respectively, while grains show a slight reduction. Similar to the seedling stages, OsPIP1;3 OE mature plants accumulated significantly high As levels in their shoots, flag leaves, and grains compared to WT. Together, these results suggest that OsPIP1;3 contribute to As transport from root to shoot in rice. This finding could add to the current knowledge of As transporters, which are collectively considered a major genetic source for manipulation to reduce As accumulation in rice and other food crops for improved human and environmental health.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01657-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1651-1661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles on alleviating arsenic toxicity in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum L.</i>) varieties: a comparative assessment of histology and phenomics.","authors":"Eimaan Aamer, Muhammad Saeed, Faroha Liaqat, Muhammad Ramzan Khan, Muhammad Kashif Naeem, Ghazala Mustafa, Riffat Naseem Malik","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01590-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01590-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have recently been used to alleviate arsenic (As) phytotoxicity in crops. However, no comparative research has assessed the potential of chemically and biologically synthesized ZnO-NPs in wheat varieties under As stress. Therefore, the present study conducted a comparative assessment of two ZnO-NPs to alleviate As stress in two wheat varieties (BARANI-70 and NARC-2009). In a hydroponic experiment (28-30 days), varieties were exposed to arsenate stress (200 uM/L), chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs, and biologically synthesized ZnO-NPs (100 mg/L and 200 mg/L). The present study performed histological analyses to assess the role of ZnO-NPs in alleviating As stress at the cellular level. Furthermore, the quantification of zinc (Zn) and As was carried out in wheat tissues. The present research examined the activities of antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites in alleviating As-induced oxidative stress by ZnO-NPs. Chemically synthesized NPs (100 mg/L) lowered oxidative stress markers (MDA, H₂O₂) while balancing pyruvate and GSH content in roots and shoots of NARC-2009. On the contrary, such particles at 200 mg/L increased oxidative stress in both varieties, prominently in Barani-70. Biogenic ZnO-NPs reduced oxidative stress in roots and shoots of both varieties, at both 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L exposures. Increased stele thickness and reduced cortex thickness were observed under chemically synthesized NPs, while biogenic NPs restored normal root anatomy in both varieties. Chemically synthesized NPs increased Zn accumulation and reduced As in shoots and roots, but biogenic NPs achieved similar As mitigation with balanced Zn levels. Lower antioxidant activities and metabolites (flavonoids, phenols, proline) indicated reduced stress with biogenic NPs. The findings revealed that biogenic ZnO-NPs at 100 mg/L were less toxic and more effective for As stress alleviation in both wheat varieties.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01590-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1685-1704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of cross talk between root exudates, hormones, and root-associated microbes in developing sustainable phytoremediation strategies: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Sudhir Kumar Upadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01593-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01593-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The outcome of phytoremediation depends on complex interactions among root exudates, plant hormones, and root-associated microorganisms affecting metal bioavailability, absorption, translocation, and detoxification. The fluctuation in root exudation patterns across plant species and environmental conditions therefore limits the predictability and scalability of phytoremediation. Organic acids, flavonoids, sugars, and secondary metabolites are particularly important in rhizosphere modification and microbial recruitment even if their quick microbial degradation could reduce their long-term influence on metal bioavailability. The role of plant hormones is also yet unknown in metal stress responses. Auxins and cytokinins increase metal absorption and root growth; abscisic acid increases metal immobilization, so better suited for phytostabilization. Ethylene, a key stress signal, may have long-term deleterious effects on plant development, limiting its utilization in corrective treatment. Moreover very promising in enhancing metal solubility and plant tolerance is microbial-assisted phytoremediation using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Still, soil heterogeneity, environmental fluctuations, and competition with native microbial populations restrict the long-term survival and efficiency of introduced microbial inoculants. This work investigates the molecular goals, advantages, and constraints of root exudates, plant hormones, and microbial interactions in phytoremediation with critical eye on maximizing phytoremediation as a scalable, site-specific approach for reducing heavy metal pollution depends on an awareness of this biological complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1629-1649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response impact of arsenite on wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) genotypes: unravelling growth, accumulation, and antioxidant modulation for tolerance.","authors":"Muhammad Saeed, Umar Masood Quraishi, Riffat Naseem Malik","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01560-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01560-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of arsenic (As) in croplands causes phytotoxicity in wheat and contaminates the food chain by accumulating in the grains. Thus, the use of tolerant genotypes might be the best solution to alleviate As stress. However, limited information is available regarding the potential of wheat genotypes particularly exposed to arsenite. To fill this gap, the study aimed to investigate the impact of arsenite on the accumulation and translocation of As in a dose-response manner. The research further highlighted the impacts of arsenite on growth, chlorophyll, oxidative stress induction, and modulation of antioxidants. A total of four genotypes (SKD-1, MexiPak, Pak-13, and FSD-08) were exposed hydroponically to arsenite treatments (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) for 21 days using the cigar method. Morphological traits (germination index, vitality index, relative lengths, and biomass), chlorophyll, As accumulation, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidants were measured. The study revealed that SKD-1 accumulated slightly more As in roots (90.43 ± 1.30 µg/g) but translocated less to shoots (80.23 ± 2.44 µg/g) compared to other genotypes. On the other hand, Pak-13 and FSD-08 showed the highest translocation factor (0.94) with the highest impact on their growth. With the help of linear modeling and multivariate analyses, a dose-dependent increase was observed in terms of As accumulation. SKD-1 genotype showed better germination and vitality index along with higher shoot as well as root length compared to others. Furthermore, the SKD-1 genotype showed less malondialdehyde (0.811 mmol/g) compared to Pak-13 (1.243 mmol/g). On the other hand, antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase) showed better activities in SKD-1 to alleviate arsenite stress compared to Pak-13 and FSD-08. Hence, the use of tolerant genotypes like SKD-1 has the potential to deliver safer grains for human consumption and sustainable yield.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01560-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1799-1814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the <i>EgTCP</i> transcription factor family in <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>.","authors":"Guiping Mou, Ran Xu, Jiayi Hu, Xiaodong Yan, Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01623-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01623-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The TCP (Teosinte Branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating Cell Factors) transcription factor family plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. To investigate the functions of the <i>TCP</i> gene family in <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> (<i>E. grandis</i>), we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of <i>E. grandis TCP</i> (<i>EgTCP</i>) genes using bioinformatics approaches. We examined their expression patterns across different tissues and under salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salt stress conditions. Our analysis identified 15 <i>TCP</i> genes in the <i>E. grandis</i> genome, designated <i>EgTCP1</i>-<i>EgTCP15</i>. The encoded proteins range from 194 to 427 amino acid residues, with molecular weights between 21.68 and 44.90 kDa and isoelectric points spanning 6.45-0.41. Biochemical property predictions classified all <i>EgTCP</i> proteins as hydrophilic and unstable. Chromosomal mapping revealed that <i>EgTCP</i> genes are unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. Gene structure analysis indicated that <i>EgTCP</i> genes contain one to two exons and up to one intron. The presence of a highly conserved <i>TCP</i> domain was confirmed by conserved motif and phylogenetic analyses, which classified EgTCP proteins into three subfamilies: <i>PCF</i>, <i>CIN</i>, and <i>CYC/TB1</i>. Cis-regulatory element analysis of the promoter regions revealed multiple hormone-responsive and stress-related elements, suggesting potential regulatory roles in plant growth and abiotic stress adaptation. Expression profiling indicated that most <i>EgTCP</i> genes respond to SA and JA induction and exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns. The subcellular localization experiment indicated that <i>EgTCP 13</i> was located in the nucleus. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the functional roles of the <i>TCP</i> gene family in <i>E. grandis</i>, establishing a foundation for future studies on their biological significance in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01623-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1705-1717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of vanadium-induced phytotoxicity in maize: regulatory role of 2,4-epibrassinolide in growth and antioxidative defense mechanisms.","authors":"Yanhua Li, Zhe Wang, Prakash Bhuyar","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01653-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01653-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vanadium (V) contamination, originating from both natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic pollution, poses a significant threat to plant health and soil ecosystems. This study investigates the protective role of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) against V-induced phytotoxicity in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). Seedlings were subjected to eight treatments combining V stress with foliar-applied EBR at varying concentrations. Results demonstrated that V exposure severely inhibited shoot and root biomass accumulation, photosynthetic activity, and chlorophyll content. Crucially, the EBR application mitigated these detrimental effects induced by V stress. EBR enhanced the activities of key antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxide, and catalase. EBR also elevated levels of osmoregulatory substances, including soluble sugar and soluble protein, while simultaneously reducing malondialdehyde accumulation. Furthermore, EBR alleviated V toxicity by modulating key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate reductase, glutamate synthase, glutamine synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Collectively, these physiological responses promoted the growth and development of maize seedlings. These findings elucidate the multifaceted mechanism underpinning EBR-mediated stress mitigation and support its application as a viable strategy for bolstering plant resilience in metal-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1739-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. and <i>Eleusine indica</i> L. and their culturable rhizospheric bacterial communities in mitigating complex organometallic pollutants of distillery sludge for eco-restoration.","authors":"Mohd Zobair Iqbal, Pratishtha Sharma, Kshitij Singh, Ram Chandra","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01619-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01619-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sludge discharged from distilleries is known for potential health risks due to containing organic pollutants with mutagenic and Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) properties. The study examined the comparative phytoremediation efficacy of two potential plant species, i.e., <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. and <i>Eleusine indica</i> L., growing on sugarcane treacle-based distillery sludge, a major source of complex organometallic pollutants. The fresh sludge analysis showed high concentrations of Iron (2356.4  ± 0.181 mg kg^-1), Copper (856.76 ± 0.022 mg kg^-1) Manganese (198.32 ± 0.010 mg kg^-1) Magnesium (342.8 ± 0.462 mg kg^-1) Calcium (359.7  ± 0.617 mg kg^-1) with other physicochemical parameters. Further, the analysis of fresh sludge through GC-MS technique revealed the presence of Thiopene, 2-butyloctanol, Cyclodecasiloxane, Silane, Callitrisic acid, etc. The sludge obtained succeeding the growth of <i>C. sativa</i> and <i>E. indica</i> showed a reduction in physicochemical parameters. GC-MS analysis also confirmed the disappearance of some organic compounds. The potential bacterial species identified for significant Plant Growth Promoting attributes were <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (PP963487), <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (PP963486), <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> (PP962515) in case of <i>C. sativa,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (PP956925), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (PP956913), <i>Achromobacter denitrificans</i> (PP956932) in case of <i>E. indica,</i> using 16S rRNA sequencing. The research findings revealed that<i>, C. sativa</i> was found more efficient than <i>E. indica</i> in contaminant degradation and metal accumulation. The findings underscore the intricate role of <i>C. sativa</i> and <i>E. indica</i> and their culturable rhizobacteria during the remediation of distillery sludge-contaminated sites. This has given strong evidence of the bacterial-assisted phytoremediation process as a green technology for the eco-restoration of polluted sites for sustainable development.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01619-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1755-1774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined supplementation of selenium and silica boosts growth and yield of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) by stimulating photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient uptake.","authors":"Vishnu Kumar, Sarvesh Kumar, Sanjay Dwivedi, Ruchi Agnihotri, Pragya Sharma, Seema Mishra, Geetgovind Sinam, Sonik Anto, Soumit Kumar Behera, Mariya Naseem, Pankaj Kumar Srivastava, Rajveer Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01592-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-025-01592-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice, a staple food for more than half of the global population, is often exposed to arsenic (As) which disrupt the photosynthetic efficiency and reduce growth and yield. However, selenium (Se) and silica (Si) supplementation counteract it. In this study, simulated pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different species and doses of Se [i.e. selenite (Se^IV) and selenate (Se^VI); 0.5 and 1 mg l^-1] and Si (0.4%), on growth, yield, photosynthesis and nutrient elements composition of rice under As (1 mg l^-1) exposure. Correlation analysis revealed that As significantly reduced uptake of nutrient elements from soil, which subsequently reduced their accumulation in leaves, specially those are involved in chlorophyll synthesis i.e. magnesium (Mg; <i>r</i> = - 0.820), potassium (K; <i>r</i> = - 0.737) and nitrogen (N; <i>r</i> = - 0.253), which resulted into reduced level of total chlorophyll (T.Chl.; <i>r</i> = - 0.314) and thereby reduced photosynthetic rate (Pn; <i>r</i> = - 0.507). Further, its exposure decreased the Chl. of PSII reaction centre (Chl.<i>a</i> dimer), resulting in ~ 31% decrease in photochemical quenching (qP) and ~ 18% increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) reactions. However, supplementation of Se, specially, Se^IV (1 mg l^-1) + Si (0.4%), boosted the growth and yield by counteracting these losses. In addition, Se (1 mg l^-1) + Si (0.4%) supplementation significantly enhanced the T.Chl. (59%), Pn (56%), stomatal conductance (gs; 118%) and qP (78%), while reduced NPQ (15%) than As exposed rice plants. Correlation analysis also revealed that increased N level in leaves of Se + Si supplemented plants significantly increased qP (<i>r</i> = 0.793) and subsequently Pn rate (<i>r</i> = 0.697). Hence, the supplementation of Se^IV (1 mg l⁻¹) and Si (0.4%) significantly reduced As levels in rice grains (~ ten fold), and enhancing plant growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis. Therefore, these elements appear beneficial for fertilization in paddy fields of As affected areas.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01592-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 10","pages":"1589-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}