Planta medica最新文献

{"title":"Monotherapy or Combination Therapy of Oleanolic Acid? From Therapeutic Significance and Drug Delivery to Clinical Studies: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Md Adil Shaharyar, Tanmoy Banerjee, Monalisha Sengupta, Rudranil Bhowmik, Arnab Sarkar, Pallab Mandal, Sami I Alzarea, Nilanjan Ghosh, Jamal Akhtar, Imran Kazmi, Sanmoy Karmakar","doi":"10.1055/a-2510-9958","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2510-9958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid molecule widely distributed throughout medicinal plants. This naturally occurring oleanolic acid has attracted considerable interest due to its wide range of pharmacological characteristics, notably its cytotoxic effects on various human cancer cell lines, making it a potential candidate for extensive therapeutic uses. <i>In vivo</i> studies have shown that oleanolic acid possesses hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The inherent obstacles of oleanolic acid, such as low permeability, limited bioavailability, and poor water solubility, have restricted its therapeutic applicability. However, recent developments in drug delivery techniques have given oleanolic acid an additional advantage by overcoming issues with its solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This review briefly summarises the signalling pathways involved in the pharmacological activities of oleanolic acid as a monotherapy and in combination with other drugs. The review devotes a substantial portion to explaining the formulation developments, emphasising nanotechnology as a key factor in the improvement of the therapeutic potential of oleanolic acid. Several investigated novel formulations have been discussed, including liposomes, nanoemulsions, phospholipids, and polymeric nanoparticles, emerging synergistically as an efficient delivery of oleanolic acid and several other drugs. Based on our literature evaluation, it can be inferred that combination therapy had a more favourable outcome than using oleanolic acid alone in <i>in vivo</i> trials, primarily due to its synergistic effects. However, it is essential to note that this finding was inconsistent across all investigations. The combination of oleanolic acid with other drugs has not yet been considered for clinical trials. However, it is interesting that neither therapy has obtained approval from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"306-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Neutral Glucan Extracted from Dried Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma): Preparation, Structure Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity.","authors":"Long Sun, Xing Ni, Yulin Liu, Yantao Jiang, Pei-Pei Wang, Jingdong Gao","doi":"10.1055/a-2574-2730","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2574-2730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A neutral glucan, GJ0D, was obtained from dried ginger (Zingiberis rhizoma) by enzymatic extraction and purification with column chromatography. The fine structure of GJ0D was assessed through monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. GJ0D has a relative molecular weight of 4.0 KDa and possesses a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked <i>α</i>-Glc<i>p</i> with substitution at C-6 of Glc<i>p</i> by T-Glc<i>p</i>. Immunoactivity assessment showed that GJ0D significantly upregulates the expression of IL-6, IL-1<i>β</i>, and TNF-<i>α</i> in RAW264.7 cells. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also increased in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the expression of several proteins associated with immune activation signaling pathways including TLR4, the phosphorylation of IKK<i>β</i>, and NF-<i>κ</i>B (p100 and p52) were significantly upregulated by GJ0D. These results suggest that GJ0D could promote inflammation through the TLR4/IKK<i>β</i>/P100 signaling pathway, suggesting a potential application as an immunomodulating agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Potential of Plants of Genus Rhus: Decrease in Inflammatory Mediators In Vitro and In Vivo - a Systematic Review.","authors":"Alejandra Jazmín Rodríguez-Castillo, César Pacheco-Tena, Rubén Cuevas-Martínez, Blanca Estela Sánchez-Ramírez, Susana Aideé González-Chávez","doi":"10.1055/a-2535-1655","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2535-1655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants from the <i>Rhus</i> genus are renowned for their medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory effects; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of <i>Rhus</i> plants and explored their potential pharmacological mechanisms. A total of 35 articles were included, with the majority demonstrating a low-risk bias, as assessed using the SYRCLE tool. <i>Rhus verniciflua, Rhus chinensis, Rhus coriaria, Rhus succedanea, Rhus tripartite, Rhus crenata</i>, and <i>Rhus trilobata</i> were analyzed in the reviewed articles. <i>In vitro</i> studies consistently demonstrated the ability of <i>Rhus</i> plants to reduce key inflammatory mediators such as TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, and IL-6. <i>In vivo</i> studies confirmed these effects in murine models of inflammation, with doses mostly of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, with no reports of toxicity. Fifty-four distinct inflammatory mediators were assessed <i>in vivo</i>; no pattern of mediators was identified that could elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the action of <i>Rhus</i> in acute or chronic inflammation. The clinical trial reported anti-inflammatory effects in humans at 1000 mg/kg for 6 weeks. The review data on the <i>Rhus</i>-mediated reduction in inflammatory mediators were integrated and visualized using the Reactome bioinformatics database, which suggested that the mechanism of action of <i>Rhus</i> involves the inhibition of inflammasome signaling. These findings support the potential of <i>Rhus</i> plants as a basis for developing anti-inflammatory therapies. Further research is needed to optimize dosage regimens and fully explore their pharmacological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"238-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galactomannan and Vicilin from Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Impair Early Pathogen-Host Interaction of Campylobacter jejuni with Intestinal Cells via JlpA.","authors":"Leon Kemper, Fabian Herrmann, Simone König, Franco H Falcone, Andreas Hensel","doi":"10.1055/a-2536-8392","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2536-8392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> is the leading cause of severe enteritis worldwide. Identification of natural products against <i>C. jejuni</i> that inhibit early-stage host-pathogen interactions is a promising strategy, particularly by blocking bacterial adhesion to and invasion into the host cells. This should help to reduce the bacterial load in vector animals. From the seeds of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>, an aqueous extract (fenugreek high molecular fraction) of high-molecular compounds (polysaccharides, proteins) was obtained. The polysaccharide was characterized as galactomannan (1,4-mannose backbone, substituted at <i>O</i>-6 with single galactose residues and galactose oligosaccharide chains). The protein part consisted of 50 kDa vicilin as the main compound. The fenugreek high molecular fraction did not influence proliferation of <i>C. jejuni</i> and viability of Caco-2 cells (1 - 1000 µg/mL). The fenugreek high molecular fraction reduced bacterial adhesion to Caco-2 significantly (500 - 1000 µg/mL), which was due to an interaction with the bacterial adhesin JlpA, preventing the interaction of this outer membrane protein to its ligand HSP90<i>α</i> (IC₅₀ = 23.4 µg/mL). Bacterial invasion was reduced significantly. Both polysaccharides as well as vicilin contribute to the observed antiadhesive effect. As vicilin-like proteins are widely found in plants from the Fabaceae family, a vicilin-enriched protein preparation from <i>Pisum sativum</i> was investigated for antiadhesive activity. These findings suggest that fenugreek seeds or vicilin-rich plant extracts could be used to develop novel strategies to control <i>C. jejuni</i> infections in food-producing animals, ultimately helping to decrease the prevalence of campylobacteriosis in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Data to Document the Use of Herbal Medicinal Products in Children - Report of a Workshop in Krakow.","authors":"Nico Symma, Andreas Hensel, Bernd Roether, Barbara Steinhoff, Rudolf Bauer","doi":"10.1055/a-2523-3856","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2523-3856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The workshop \"Real-world data to document the use of phytopharmaceuticals in children\" was organized by the GA Foundation Plants for Health in collaboration with multiple international scientific societies on July 14, 2024, during the International Congress on Natural Products Research in Kraków, Poland. The event focused on leveraging real-world data and real-world evidence to support the use of herbal medicinal products (syn. phytopharmaceuticals) in pediatric care. The workshop aimed to discuss the current state and future approaches for utilizing real-world data/real-world evidence in expanding the use of herbal medicinal products in children and adolescents. Therefore, the workshop highlighted the unmet needs and challenges in documenting the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicinal products in children and emphasized the coordinated exchange and collaboration among academia, industry, and regulatory authorities. After an e-symposium in May 2022 with more than 300 participants and an in-person workshop on this topic in Bonn in June 2023, this workshop in Krakow was the third event of its kind hosted by the Foundation Plants for Health. Participants concluded that interdisciplinary collaboration is highly needed to establish qualified methods of data collection and assessment of real-world data, e.g., establishing requirements to incorporate nonprescription herbal medicinal products into electronic patient records and registries that can be accessed by all stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Lipophilicity and Blood Partitioning of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Their N-Oxides In Vitro and In Silico for Toxicokinetic Modeling.","authors":"Anja Lehmann, Manuel Haas, Julian Taenzer, Gerd Hamscher, Charlotte Kloft, Anja These, Christoph Hethey","doi":"10.1055/a-2523-3987","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2523-3987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipophilicity and blood partitioning are important determinants for predicting toxicokinetics using physiologically-based toxicokinetic modeling. In this study, the logarithm of the <i>n</i>-octanol : water partition coefficient and the blood-to-plasma concentration ratio were, for the first time, experimentally determined for the pyrrolizidine alkaloids intermedine, lasiocarpine, monocrotaline, retrorsine, and their <i>N</i>-oxides. Validated <i>in vitro</i> assays for determination of the n-octanol : water partition coefficient (miniaturized shake-flask method) and the blood-to-plasma conentration ratio (LC-MS/MS-based depletion assay) were compared to an ensemble of <i>in silico</i> models. The experimentally determined octanol : water partition coefficient indicates a higher affinity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their <i>N</i>-oxides to the aqueous compared to the organic phase. Depending on the method, <i>in silico</i> determined n-octanol : water partition coefficients overpredicted the experimental values by ≥ 1 log unit for three out of four pyrrolizidine alkaloids (SPARC), four out of six (CLOGP), five out of eight (KowWIN), and three out of eight (S+log<i>P</i>) pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides. The blood-to-plasma concentration ratio obtained <i>in vitro</i> suggested a low binding affinity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their <i>N</i>-oxides towards red blood cells. For all eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides, <i>in silico</i> predicted blood-to-plasma ratios deviated from experimental values by less than 50%. In conclusion, for physiologically-based toxicokinetic modeling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their <i>N</i>-oxides, the experimental octanol : water partition coefficient should be preferred, while the blood-to-plasma concentration ratio predicted by the acid/base classification model is a suitable surrogate for experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"274-282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Exploring the Cellular Effects of Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica Extract.","authors":"Katarzyna Zima, Laura Banaszkiewicz, Mateusz Kacper Woźniak, Barbara Khaidakov, Krzysztof Lemke, Paulina Kowalczyk","doi":"10.1055/a-2520-0013","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2520-0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lonicera caerulea</i> var. <i>kamtschatica</i>, known as blue honeysuckle or haskap berry, is rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are linked to various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The research specifically investigates the effects of an <i>L. caerulea</i> var. <i>kamtschatica</i> extract that has been standardized to contain a minimum of 15% anthocyanins on inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level. <i>In vitro</i> studies using A549 human lung epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated the extract's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. <i>L. caerulea</i> var. <i>kamtschatica</i> extract significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-<i>κ</i>B p65 and reduced the production of IL-8 in A549 cells. It also downregulated the expression of proinflammatory genes (<i>RELA</i> and <i>PTGS2</i>) while upregulating antioxidant genes (<i>CAT, HMOX1</i>, and <i>SOD2</i>). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, <i>L. caerulea</i> var. <i>kamtschatica</i> extract decreased the phosphorylation of NF-<i>κ</i>B p65 and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1<i>β</i> and IL-6 following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Additionally, the extract inhibited reactive oxygen species formation and nitric oxide production, demonstrating its potential to modulate oxidative stress. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> assays indicated that <i>L. caerulea</i> var. <i>kamtschatica</i> extract could hinder the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the hACE2 receptor, suggesting antiviral potential.These findings suggest that <i>L. caerulea</i> var. <i>kamtschatica</i> extract exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, indicating its potential as a functional food ingredient or dietary supplement to combat inflammation and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"208-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roseoglobuloside A, a Novel Nonanolide, and Identification of Specialized Metabolites as hPTP1B1 - 400 Inhibitors from Mangrove-Dwelling Aspergillus spp.","authors":"Carlos A Fajardo-Hernández, Ángeles G Zavala-Sierra, Verenice I Merlin-Lucas, Jesús I Morales-Jiménez, José Rivera-Chávez","doi":"10.1055/a-2515-9491","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2515-9491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An approach combining enzymatic inhibition and untargeted metabolomics through molecular networking was employed to search for human recombinant full-length protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (<i>h</i>PTP1 B_1 - 400) inhibitors from a collection of 66 mangrove-associated fungal taxa. This strategy prioritized two <i>Aspergillus</i> strains (IQ-1612, section <i>Circumdati</i>, and IQ-1620, section <i>Nigri</i>) for further studies. Chemical investigation of strain IQ-1612 resulted in the isolation of a new nonanolide derivative, roseoglobuloside A (1: ), along with two known metabolites (2: and 3: ), whereas strain IQ-1620 led to the isolation of four known naphtho-γ-pyrones and one known diketopiperazine (4: -8: ). Of all isolates, compounds 2, 3: , and 7: showed a marked inhibitory effect on <i>h</i>PTP1B_1 - 400 with an IC₅₀ value < 20 µM, while 6: showed moderate inhibition with IC₅₀ of 65 µM. Compounds 1: and 8: were inactive at a concentration of 100 µM, whereas 4: and 5: demonstrated significant inhibition at 20 µM. The structure of 1: was established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, and its relative and absolute configuration was assigned based on NOE correlations and by comparison of calculated and experimental ECD curves. Molecular docking indicated that these molecules primarily bind to two different allosteric sites, thereby inducing conformational changes that impact enzymatic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Compounds against Mpox: Mapping Evidence and Identifying Gaps.","authors":"Amin Sharifan","doi":"10.1055/a-2560-1844","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2560-1844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global spread of Mpox necessitates exploration of novel treatment options. Considering the established history of herbal medicine in managing infectious diseases, this study reviewed the literature on phytotherapy for Mpox, addressing gaps in evidence-based herbal interventions. A thorough search was conducted across the Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases, as well as grey literature, up to August 2024 to retrieve studies on natural compounds with potential efficacy against Mpox and its associated symptoms. Data were analysed for publication characteristics, the compounds or herbal plants investigated, and their effects on the virus. A total of 37 articles with 242 citations were identified, demonstrating a steady increase in research activity since the first study in 2011, peaking in 2023 with 21 publications and 114 citations. The majority of studies originated from Southeast Asian countries. In terms of study design, most investigations were <i>in silico</i> (n = 31, 84%), followed by <i>in vitro</i> studies (n = 4, 11%), with no <i>in vivo</i> or clinical interventions reported. The primary focus was on the antiviral activities of natural products, with polyphenols identified as the most prevalent lead compounds. Whilst these findings highlight the growing interest in phytotherapy for Mpox, they also underscore the predominance of computational studies. To build upon this foundation of <i>in silico</i> evidence, further laboratory and animal studies are imperative for translating these insights into clinical applications. The comprehensive library of compounds gathered through this research provides a valuable resource to facilitate this crucial next step in the development of herbal interventions against Mpox.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"271-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Characteristics and Functions of Orally Absorbed Herbal Decoction-Borne Plant MicroRNAs.","authors":"Yating Zhu, Yicheng Yu, Yao Jia, Ziqi Lin, Jinyue Lei, Diyao Wu, Tielong Xu, Longxue Li, Bin Zheng","doi":"10.1055/a-2527-2127","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2527-2127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbal decoctions always contain numerous plant microRNAs, and some of these can be absorbed orally to exert cross-kingdom gene regulation. However, little is known about which specific types of herbal decoction-borne plant microRNAs are more likely to be absorbed. Thus, two antiviral herbal decoctions, Qingfei Paidu and Qingre Huashi Kangdu, were administered to human volunteers and rats, respectively, to investigate the characteristics of orally absorbed decoction-borne plant microRNAs. MIR-6240 - 3 p was identified as an absorbed plant microRNA in humans and is most highly expressed in Qingfei Paidu decoction. Therefore, the kinetics of MIR-6240 - 3 p were monitored in humans following the administration of the Qingfei Paidu decoction, and its antiviral effect on human coronavirus type 229E (HCoV-229E) was examined <i>in vitro</i>. There were 586 176 small RNAs identified in Qingfei Paidu decoction, of which 100 276 were orally absorbed by humans. In the Qingre Huashi Kangdu decoction, 124 026 small RNAs were detected, with 7484 being orally absorbed by rats. Logistical repression analysis revealed that absorbable plant small RNAs in both humans and rats presented higher expression levels, greater minimum free energy, and increased AU/UA frequencies compared to nonabsorbable plant small RNAs. The amount of MIR-6240 - 3 p in humans increased between 1 and 3 h after the administration of the Qingfei Paidu decoction. In addition, MIR-6240 - 3 p significantly reduced the RNA copy number and TCID₅₀ of HCoV-229E <i>in vitro</i>. These results suggest that herbal decoction-borne plant small RNAs with a higher expression level, greater minimum free energy, or an increased AU/UA frequency are more likely to be orally absorbed and could potentially mediate cross-kingdom gene regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}