Planta medicaPub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1055/a-2634-4300
Abdur Rauf, Ahmed Olatunde, Rahaf Ajaj, Nabia Hafeez, Mohamed Y Zaky, Md Rezaul Islam, Md Mozahidul Islam, Giovanni Ribaudo
{"title":"The Medicinal Chemistry of Cyanidin and its Glycoside Derivatives: Focus on the Antiproliferative and Potential Anticancer Activity.","authors":"Abdur Rauf, Ahmed Olatunde, Rahaf Ajaj, Nabia Hafeez, Mohamed Y Zaky, Md Rezaul Islam, Md Mozahidul Islam, Giovanni Ribaudo","doi":"10.1055/a-2634-4300","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2634-4300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanidin and its glucosides are anthocyanins belonging to the class of flavonoid phytochemicals. These pigments give fruits and vegetables their typical reddish-purple nuance, and their peculiar chemical features result in a remarkable ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species and other mutagens. Thus, both cyanidin and its glycosides were proposed as candidates for chemoprevention, as anticancer agents, and as adjuvant therapies. Indeed, the compounds were investigated through various <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of colon, breast, kidney, prostate and liver cancer, and glioma. Cyanidin and its derivatives have been found to inhibit key signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-<i>κ</i>B, which can reduce cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, and suppress metastasis. In the first part of the review, the chemical properties of cyanidin and its glycoside analogues will be discussed. Then, an overview of <i>in vitro</i> evidence on activity will be presented, followed by a report on preclinical and clinical data together with comments on the mechanisms involved. Eventually, the aspect of pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, and formulation will be dissected. Overall, the review indicates that cyanidin and its derivatives could be effective anticancer agents but also calls for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their bioactivity. Despite promising results, resolving issues like stability, absorption, and targeted distribution is crucial to maximize their therapeutic potential. More research is needed to develop innovative cyanidin-based formulations for efficient cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planta medicaPub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1055/a-2629-0226
Aleksandr Khromov, Natalia Dobrelia, Iryna Konvalyuk, Oleksandr Bieda, Igor Andreev, Ludmyla Mozhylevska, Sergiy Yarmoluk, Anatoliy Soloviev, Viktor Kunakh
{"title":"Alkaloid Composition and Antiarrhythmic Activity of the Extracts from Rauvolfia serpentina Tissue Culture.","authors":"Aleksandr Khromov, Natalia Dobrelia, Iryna Konvalyuk, Oleksandr Bieda, Igor Andreev, Ludmyla Mozhylevska, Sergiy Yarmoluk, Anatoliy Soloviev, Viktor Kunakh","doi":"10.1055/a-2629-0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2629-0226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rauvolfia serpentina</i> produces a number of indole alkaloids and has long been used in the traditional treatment of arrhythmia. Given the shortage of natural resources, the K-27M strain of <i>R. serpentina</i> tissue culture was established. The aim was to evaluate the antiarrhythmic activity of extracts with different compositions and ratios of indole alkaloids derived from the cell biomass of the K-27M strain. Chemical analysis was conducted using HPLC-MS. Adrenaline-induced (rats) and ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia (isolated guinea pig hearts) models were used to study the antiarrhythmic activity of the extracts. Extracts were obtained from dry (extracts 1, 2, and 3) and fresh biomass (fractions 1 and 2 of extract 4). Extract 1 contained ajmaline and acetylajmaline (the total indole alkaloid content (TIAC) was 2.2% of the dry biomass); extract 2-ajmaline, acetylajmaline, and raucaffricine (TIAC 6.4%); extract 3-ajmaline and raucaffricine (TIAC 29.0%). Fraction 1 of extract 4 was dominated by vomilenine, methylajmalicine, ajmalicine, and raufloridine (TIAC 65.0%), and fraction 2 of extract 4 contained acetylajmaline (TIAC 47.4%). Extracts 1 and 2 containing negligible amounts of indole alkaloids showed a weak proarrhythmic effect. Fractions 1 and 2 of extract 4 had a pronounced antiarrhythmic effect in the adrenaline-induced arrhythmia model. In addition, fraction 2 of extract 4 had an antiarrhythmic effect in the ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia model. The level of this activity depended on the composition and ratio of alkaloids in the extract. Thus, the K-27M strain of <i>R. serpentina</i> tissue culture is a promising source of indole alkaloids with antiarrhythmic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planta medicaPub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1055/a-2633-5581
Oskar Szczepaniak, Susanne Neugart, Monika Przeor, Tuba Esatbeyoglu
{"title":"Allium ursinum as a Centuries-old Medicinal Plant. Short Review of Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties of the Rare Garlic Species.","authors":"Oskar Szczepaniak, Susanne Neugart, Monika Przeor, Tuba Esatbeyoglu","doi":"10.1055/a-2633-5581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2633-5581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild garlic (<i>Allium ursinum</i>) is a wild plant growing in Middle and Eastern Europe that has been traditionally applied in local cuisine and herbal medicine practices. The leaves of the plant contain numerous bioactive compounds, i.e., flavonols, flavanols, phenolic acids, and thiopolysulfides. The aim of the study is to present the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of this plant. The leaves of <i>Allium ursinum</i> possess strong antioxidant activity, which varies depending on extractant use and plant origin. The plant has limited capacity for ferric ion reduction in a FRAP test, as well. The previous studies showed that the high content of phenolic compounds was prevalently responsible for the high antiradical capacity. On the other hand, the thiopolysulfides present in the plant are responsible for its anti-inflammatory effect, observed as inhibition of TNF-<i>α</i> and interleukins, and as a bactericidal effect against skin pathogenic microflora. Wild garlic has a negative effect on cancer cell line viability, while it enhances the viability of non-cancerogenic tissue cells. All these effects clearly show that wild garlic is an interesting and potent raw material that should be more often applied in today's functional foods, as well as a novel additive for dietary supplements, herbal remedies, or materials with topical anti-bacterial action.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Angelicone Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Chengwei Ruan, Weiwei Gao, Guoguo Wang, Wenting Fan, Weifeng Zhang, Shuang Tao, Zheng Wu","doi":"10.1055/a-2565-6197","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2565-6197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent, periodically reoccurring inflammatory condition that impacts the gastrointestinal tract. Angelicone, a principal compound extracted from <i>Angelica sinensis</i>, may offer a potential alternative therapeutic approach for UC through the downregulation of inflammatory mediators. Nonetheless, the pharmacological impacts and molecular pathways of angelicone in UC management, particularly in relation to gut microbiota, remain unexplored. The current study scrutinized the modifications in gut microbiota in mice afflicted with UC, induced by 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing. The study demonstrated that angelicone substantially enhanced clinical indices, mitigated colonic damage, decreased cytokine levels, and reestablished the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier in UC mice. Furthermore, we discerned distinct bacterial genera that were responsive to angelicone treatment. Importantly, angelicone augmented the abundance of gut microbiota and partially reinstated the disrupted intestinal microbial composition, inclusive of the phyla <i>Proteobacteria, Firmicutes</i>, and <i>Bacteroidetes</i>. To summarize, our research offers novel perspectives into the intervention mechanisms of angelicone in the treatment of UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"430-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Tanshinone IIA Derivatives for Cardioprotection in Myocardial Ischemic Injury.","authors":"Zhiwu Wu, Ying Xu, Ximing Guo, Zhilan Zhang, Jinxin Wang, Yiqun Tang","doi":"10.1055/a-2565-8285","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2565-8285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tanshinone ⅡA (TSA), a component of traditional Chinese medicine, effectively protects against myocardial injury. However, its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility and a short half-life. In this study, we report on four TSA derivatives designed and synthesized by our research group. The protective activity against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cells was evaluated, and derivative Ⅰ-3 was selected for <i>in vivo</i> experiments to verify its myocardial protective activity in rats with myocardial infarction. The results demonstrated that these four compounds could protect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Among the derivatives, Ⅰ-3 showing superior protective effects, we found that Ⅰ-3 has enhanced metabolic stability and an extended half-life. Ⅰ-3 exhibited superior biological activity, effectively reducing the heart infarction area, alleviating myocardial hypertrophy, and enhancing cardiac pumping function. Ⅰ-3 reported in the present work represents a novel and effective derivative of TSA, showing great potential for the treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI).</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"451-460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovery techniques for Hydroxynaphthoquinone Enantiomers of Alkanna tinctoria (L.) from Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Elodie Bossard, Nikolaos Tsafantakis, Nektarios Aligiannis, Ioanna Chinou, Nikolas Fokialakis","doi":"10.1055/a-2563-7599","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2563-7599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) composed of levulinic acid and glucose using a molar ratio of 5 : 1 (mol<sub>HBA</sub>:mol<sub>HBD</sub>) and 20% of water (w/w) (LeG_5_20) was found as a great alternative to the commonly used organic solvents for the extraction of hydroxynaphthoquinone enantiomers (HNQs) from <i>Alkanna tinctoria</i> (L.) Tausch roots. In the present work, a comparative investigation of recovery methods for HNQs, such as solid-phase extraction, macroporous resin, and water as an anti-solvent, was performed to face the main disadvantage of NaDES: the inability to be evaporated. The highest recovery of HNQs was recorded using the solid-phase extraction on a reversed-phase C8 cartridge with a total hydroxynaphthoquinone content (TNC) of 46.79 ± 0.952 mg/g of dry weight (DW). In addition, a great recovery of HNQs was also reported for the macroporous resin Amberlite XAD 4 with a TNC value of 37.21 ± 1.789 mg/g DW, while the precipitation of HNQs by using water as an anti-solvent (1 : 5, v/v) offered a TNC value of 28.68 ± 0.023 mg/g DW. The macroporous resin Amberlite XAD also showed a great potential for larger-scale applications. In fact, the developed scale-up process, involving Amberlite XAD 4, showed a great recovery efficiency for HNQs (34.126 ± 1.093 mg/g DW), an acceptable robustness (RSD < 15%), and the possibility of recycling LeG_5_20 with a recovery greater than 50%; therefore, it is an excellent green alternative extraction procedure for HNQs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"440-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planta medicaPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1055/a-2536-8919
Ziying Chen, Yan Lu, Yiyun Wang, Qi Wang, Liangwen Yu, Jinman Liu
{"title":"Natural Products Targeting Tau Protein Phosphorylation: A Promising Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Ziying Chen, Yan Lu, Yiyun Wang, Qi Wang, Liangwen Yu, Jinman Liu","doi":"10.1055/a-2536-8919","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2536-8919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation, which are central to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of natural products in targeting tau phosphorylation, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease progression. It comprehensively summarizes current research on various natural compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, phenols, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids, highlighting their multitarget mechanisms, such as modulating kinases and phosphatases. The ability of these compounds to mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and tau pathology while enhancing cognitive function underscores their value as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. By integrating recent advances in extraction methods, pharmacological studies, and artificial intelligence-driven screening technologies, this review provides a valuable reference for future research and development of natural product-based interventions for Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"386-408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planta medicaPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1055/a-2551-5681
Ricardo D D G de Albuquerque, Frank R León-Vargas, Daniel D Carrasco-Montañez, Jorge L Carranza-Gonzales, Yessenia V S Ramos-Rivas
{"title":"A Review on Phytochemistry and Recent Pharmacology of Dragon's Blood (Croton lechleri), a Multifunctional Ethnomedicinal Resource from the Amazon Forest.","authors":"Ricardo D D G de Albuquerque, Frank R León-Vargas, Daniel D Carrasco-Montañez, Jorge L Carranza-Gonzales, Yessenia V S Ramos-Rivas","doi":"10.1055/a-2551-5681","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2551-5681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Croton lechleri</i>, commonly known as \"Sangre de Drago\", is a widely utilized ethnomedicinal resource in the Amazon region, known for its diverse bioactive properties. These include wound-healing activity, anti-inflammatory effects, antitumor activity, and other therapeutic benefits. Despite its extensive traditional use, a comprehensive review of the scientific studies conducted over the past two decades is lacking, which hinders a thorough understanding of the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of this species. Hence, this review is essential to inform researchers and readers about the current state of knowledge in this field. A systematic search was conducted using databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar, yielding 33 relevant articles focusing on the phytochemistry and recent pharmacological investigations of <i>C. lechleri</i>. These studies identify proanthocyanidins as the predominant phytochemical group in terms of relative quantity. Additionally, other significant phytochemical groups include alkaloids, diterpenoids, phytosteroids, saponins, phenolics, and polyphenolics. The pharmacological studies reviewed highlight several potential therapeutic effects of <i>C. lechleri</i>, particularly those associated with its resin. These effects include wound-healing, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and gastrointestinal benefits, among others. The findings underscore the remarkable medicinal importance of this species, supporting its continued investigation and potential therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"409-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planta medicaPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1055/a-2563-7503
Steffen Boertz, Madhubani Dey, Fabian Herrmann, Stefan Esch, Jandirk Sendker, Ulrich Dobrindt, Andreas Hensel
{"title":"Complex Standard Formulation as an Example for Synergism and Improved Antibacterial Activity Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli for Urinary Tract Infections.","authors":"Steffen Boertz, Madhubani Dey, Fabian Herrmann, Stefan Esch, Jandirk Sendker, Ulrich Dobrindt, Andreas Hensel","doi":"10.1055/a-2563-7503","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2563-7503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the treatment of urinary tract infections, mixtures of different herbal materials are frequently used within traditional clinical practice. A complex formulation, widely used in Germany for the preparation of aqueous extracts with <i>Betula</i> sp., <i>Agropyron repens, Solidago gigantea</i>, and <i>Ononis spinosa</i>, was infused as a mixture from all four components (combined extract). In addition, the four herbs were extracted separately, and the extracts were mixed subsequently (separate extract). None of the extracts influenced the proliferation of UPEC-UTI89 and the cell viability of T24 bladder cells. The combined extract significantly reduced the activity of type-1 fimbriae of UPEC CFT073. This effect was not observed for the mixture of the separately extracted herbs. Systematic investigation of the combined extract and binary mixtures by LC-MS and bioassays indicated that a series of malonylated dammarane triterpenes from <i>Betula</i> spp. leaves was extracted in the presence of <i>Solidago</i> sp. These dammaranes are responsible for the antiadhesive effect. The combined extract of <i>Betula</i> sp. and <i>Solidago gigantea</i> BSC, as well as a dammarane-enhanced fraction (DEF), showed significant antiadhesive effects in a 2D-adhesion assay, as well as in three-dimensional RT4- bladder cell spheroids. RT-qPCR of UTI89 incubated with DEF indicated downregulation of <i>fimC, fimD</i>, and <i>fimH</i> with impact on the chaperone-usher system and correct pili formation. Increased expression of the motility gene <i>fliC</i> indicates a switch from a static to a motile lifestyle. The S-fimbrial gene <i>sfaG</i> was significantly downregulated, but this did not result in phenotypic changes. Based on an improved extraction of birch leaf constituents, the data rationalize the importance of combinations of herbal drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"419-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planta medicaPub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1055/a-2644-8732
Flávia de Souza Fernandes, Gustavo Silveira Silva, Rafael Vieira Soares, Fabiana Ourique, Tizianne Larissa Duim Ribeiro Nakagawa, Daniel Fernandes Martins, Ariane Zamoner, Maicon Roberto Kviecinski
{"title":"Local and systemic effects of topical betulinic acid in a psoriasis-like inflammation model in mice.","authors":"Flávia de Souza Fernandes, Gustavo Silveira Silva, Rafael Vieira Soares, Fabiana Ourique, Tizianne Larissa Duim Ribeiro Nakagawa, Daniel Fernandes Martins, Ariane Zamoner, Maicon Roberto Kviecinski","doi":"10.1055/a-2644-8732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2644-8732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Betulinic acid (BA) forms supramolecular aggregates through self-assembly in a hydroalcoholic vehicle, which was hypothesized to have antipsoriatic activity when applied topically. Imiquimod was applied to induce psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice (except in the untreated group) every 24 hours for 5 days. Two hours after each imiquimod application, the groups received either 100 µL of vehicle (10% glycerol aqueous solution), 0.05 mg/mL clobetasol (Clo), or 0.5 mg/mL BA. At the end of the study, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was evaluated (n=12/group), and complete skin clearance time (CSC) was determined in six mice per group. The remaining six mice per group were used to assess acanthosis, lymphocyte and granulocyte infiltration, Akt and ERK phosphorylation in skin samples, as well as TNFα, IL-17A, IFNγ, and TGFβ in serum. To assess treatment safety, we evaluated food and water intake, ambulation pattern, body weight gain, organ weights, and blood parameters. BA significantly reduced CSC time by up to 40% compared to the control and was 10% faster than Clo. Both BA and Clo reduced PASI and acanthosis to approximately one-third of control values, normalized immune cell infiltration and TNFα levels, decreased IL-17A by more than 30%, and reduced p-Akt and p-ERK2. BA uniquely normalized IFNγ levels without causing intolerable toxicity. Using an animal model of psoriatic skin inflammation, our findings support BA as a strong candidate for clinical translation, warranting further studies on its safety, pharmacokinetics, and optimal dosage in humans, potentially leading to randomized controlled trials in psoriasis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}