Planta medica最新文献_第2页

Consensus Statement on the Outcome of the European Herbal Health Products Summit - Which Way Forward? 关于欧洲草药保健品峰会成果的共识声明--何去何从？

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1055/a-2419-1602

Michael Heinrich, Babette Reiken, Bernd Roether, Angela Müller, Julia Rumsch, Nico Symma

{"title":"Consensus Statement on the Outcome of the European Herbal Health Products Summit - Which Way Forward?","authors":"Michael Heinrich, Babette Reiken, Bernd Roether, Angela Müller, Julia Rumsch, Nico Symma","doi":"10.1055/a-2419-1602","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2419-1602","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicinal products are a vital part of the healthcare system in Europe and beyond. Being predominantly sold as non-prescription medicines in pharmacies, they are very popular with patients, physicians, and pharmacists and are therefore an important part of self-medication. Interest in this sector has recently gained momentum, reflecting the ongoing revision of the general pharmaceutical legislation and the recent discussion on nutrition and health claims on foods based on the implementation report of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 by the European Parliament 1. Therefore, on 20th February 2024, the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA), in collaboration with the German Pharmaceutical Industry Association (BPI) and the German Medicines Manufacturers' Association (BAH, now Pharma Deutschland), hosted an in-person summit in Brussels entitled 'European Herbal Health Products Summit - Which way forward?'. The summit featured a wide range of speakers, including policymakers, regulatory authorities, industry representatives, and academic experts. It was divided into several sessions covering topics such as the future and relevance of herbal medicinal products in the EU, the revision of the EU pharmaceutical legislation, and the resulting impact on herbal medicinal products. Furthermore, the discussions delved into the \"Health Claims Regulation\" - the European Parliament's implementation report and the related regulatory challenges of herbal medicinal products at an EU level. This consensus paper summarises the current status and provided recommendations to pave the way for future strategies to ascertain the continued use of herbal medicinal products as an important therapeutic option for patients.","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"1052-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Plant Extracts against Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Wound Infections. 评估精选植物提取物对伤口感染中分离出的葡萄球菌菌株的抗菌活性。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1055/a-2416-8584

Anna Pietruczuk-Padzik, Milena Śliwińska, Marta Mainka, Monika E Czerwińska, Weronika Skowrońska, Agnieszka Bazylko

{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Plant Extracts against Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Wound Infections.","authors":"Anna Pietruczuk-Padzik, Milena Śliwińska, Marta Mainka, Monika E Czerwińska, Weronika Skowrońska, Agnieszka Bazylko","doi":"10.1055/a-2416-8584","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2416-8584","url":null,"abstract":"Wound infections are a significant medical problem, with Staphylococcus species being one of the most common etiological factors. Treatment is complex due to bacterial antibiotic resistance and the ability to form a biofilm. The aim of this study was to determine the drug susceptibility of the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species obtained from wound infections, assess their ability to form a biofilm in vitro, evaluate the level of extracellular slime synthesis, and test the antistaphylococcal properties of selected plant extracts against plate-cultured bacteria and activity against mature biofilms. A total of 20 Staphylococcus strains were evaluated. The antibiotic susceptibility and sensitivity of the strains to the tested extracts were determined using the disc diffusion method. The production of extracellular bacterial slime was assessed using Congo Red agar plates. The biofilm formation and the effect of plant extracts on the biofilm layer were examined using the MTT method on polystyrene microtiter plates. Diverse drug susceptibility profiles, slime production ability, and in vitro biofilm formation were observed among the tested strains. It was found that aqueous extracts from the Serpylli herba, Arctii lappae folium, Taraxaci folium, and Galii aparini herba showed antibacterial activity against some of the tested strains. In contrast, their antibiofilm activity was not confirmed. Among all tested preparations, the most promising antimicrobial extracts in both planktonic cultures and biofilm were Thymus serpyllum herb and Taraxacum officinale leaf extracts. These results allowed us to conclude their potential application in medicine to support the treatment of challenging wound conditions.","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"1080-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological Effects of Paeonia lactiflora Focusing on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. 芍药对糖尿病痛性神经病变的药理作用

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1055/a-2441-6488

Vanessa Wiegand, Ying Gao, Nicole Teusch

{"title":"Pharmacological Effects of Paeonia lactiflora Focusing on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.","authors":"Vanessa Wiegand, Ying Gao, Nicole Teusch","doi":"10.1055/a-2441-6488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2441-6488","url":null,"abstract":"Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a highly prevalent complication in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Given the inadequate pain-relieving effect of current therapies for PDN, there is a high unmet medical need for specialized therapeutic options. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), various herbal formulations have been implemented for centuries to relieve pain, and one commonly used plant in this context is Paeonia lactiflora (P. lactiflora). Here, we summarize the chemical constituents of P. lactiflora including their pharmacological mechanisms-of-action and discuss potential benefits for the treatment of PDN. For this, in silico data, as well as preclinical and clinical studies, were critically reviewed and comprehensively compiled. Our findings reveal that P. lactiflora and its individual constituents exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties relevant for PDN, including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic activities. Through this multifaceted and complex combination of various pharmacological effects, relevant hallmarks of PDN are specifically addressed, suggesting that P. lactiflora may represent a promising source for novel therapeutic approaches for PDN.","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preclinical Evidence of Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides on Diabetic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 桑叶多糖治疗糖尿病肾病的临床前证据：系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1055/a-2432-2732

Yisu Wang, Baifan Chen, Jinghong Zhang, Dan Wang, Yuan Ruan

{"title":"Preclinical Evidence of Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides on Diabetic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yisu Wang, Baifan Chen, Jinghong Zhang, Dan Wang, Yuan Ruan","doi":"10.1055/a-2432-2732","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2432-2732","url":null,"abstract":"Mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) have a variety of biological activities. Preliminary scattered evidence of preclinical studies have reported their potenzial effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we intended to assess the preclinical evidence of MLPs and explore their potenzial mechanisms on DKD, offering a scientific reference for the therapeutic use of MLPs. The study has been registered under the CRD42022309117 registration number at PROSPERO. Comprehensive search was conducted across eight databases from their establishment till January 2024, and eight studies with 270 animals were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome measurements in the MLP group, including serum creatinine (Scr) (P = 0.0005), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P = 0.02), 24-hour urinary protein (UP) (P = 0.001), and urinary microalbumin (UAlb) (P < 0.0001), were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Additionally, MLP treatment was significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), protein expression of TGF-β1, CTGF mRNA, and the kidney index (all P values < 0.05) and delayed the progression of local pathological changes in the kidney. Subgroup analysis revealed significant species differences in the efficacy of MLPs. Also, it showed that the dosage of streptozotocin potenzially affected the Scr and UAlb results, while the duration of MLP treatment influenced UAlb results. MLPs may exert potenzial renal protection by delaying renal fibrosis, inhibiting inflammatory reactions, suppressing the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-insulin-like growth factor binding protein axis, and regulating the insulin receptor pathway. In summary, MLPs have multifaceted renal protective effects, suggesting their potenzial for treating DKD.","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medicinal Plant Microbiomes: Factors Affecting Bacterial and Fungal Community Composition. 药用植物微生物群：影响细菌和真菌群落组成的因素

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1055/a-2420-0270

Daniel Zagal, James G Graham, Jonathan Bisson, Stefan J Green, Guido F Pauli

{"title":"Medicinal Plant Microbiomes: Factors Affecting Bacterial and Fungal Community Composition.","authors":"Daniel Zagal, James G Graham, Jonathan Bisson, Stefan J Green, Guido F Pauli","doi":"10.1055/a-2420-0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2420-0270","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study was designed to identify factors implicating microbial influence on medicinal plant metabolomes. Utilizing a whole-microbiome approach, amplicon sequencing was used to identify the makeup of fungal and bacterial assemblages from endophytic (interior) and epiphytic (external) environments in two different sets of congeneric host-plant pairs, with collection of multiple samples of two medicinal plant species (Actaea racemosa, Rhodiola rosea) and two generic analogs (Actaea rubra, Rhodiola integrifolia). Diversity analysis of microbial assemblages revealed the influence of three primary factors driving variance in microbial community composition: host-plant taxonomy, the compartmentalization of microbial communities within discrete plant parts, and the scale of distance (microhabitat heterogeneity) between sampling locations. These three factors accounted for ~ 60% of variance within and between investigated microbiomes. Across all our collections, bacterial populations were more diverse than fungi (per compartment), and microbial density in epiphytic compartments (aerial parts, rhizosphere) were higher than those of endophytes (leaf and root). These comparative data point to key loci associated with variation between congeneric pairs and plant genera, providing insight into the complex and contrasting relationships found within this multi-kingdom coevolutionary relationship. Although reflective of only a limited set of botanical source materials, these data document the richness of a relatively unexplored component of the plant world and highlight the relevance of a whole-microbiome ecology-driven approach to botanical research and directed natural product investigations.","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aescin Inhibits Herpes simplex Virus Type 1 Induced Membrane Fusion. Aescin 抑制单纯疱疹病毒 1 型诱导的膜融合

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1055/a-2441-6570

Diana Ulrich, Andreas Hensel, Nica Classen, Wali Hafezi, Jandirk Sendker, Joachim Kühn

{"title":"Aescin Inhibits Herpes simplex Virus Type 1 Induced Membrane Fusion.","authors":"Diana Ulrich, Andreas Hensel, Nica Classen, Wali Hafezi, Jandirk Sendker, Joachim Kühn","doi":"10.1055/a-2441-6570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2441-6570","url":null,"abstract":"Infections with Herpes simplex virus can cause severe ocular diseases and encephalitis. The present study aimed to investigate potential inhibitors of fusion between HSV-1 and the cellular membrane of the host cell. Fusion and entry of HSV-1 into the host cell is mimicked by a virus-free eukaryotic cell culture system by co-expression of the HSV-1 glycoproteins gD, gH, gL, and gB in presence of a gD receptor, resulting in excessive membrane fusion and polykaryocyte formation. A microscopic read-out was used for the screening of potential inhibitors, whereas luminometric quantification of cell-cell fusion was used in a reporter fusion assay. HSV-1 gB was tagged at its C-terminus with mCherry to express mCherry-gB in both assay systems for the visualization of the polykaryocyte formation. Reporter protein expression of SEAP was regulated by a Tet-On 3 G system. The saponin mixture aescin was identified as the specific inhibitor (IC50 7.4 µM, CC50 24.3 µM, SI 3.3) of membrane fusion. A plaque reduction assay on Vero cells reduced HSV-1 entry into cells and HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread significantly; 15 µM aescin decreased relative plaque counts to 41%, and 10 µM aescin resulted in a residual plaque size of 11% (HSV-1 17 syn+) and 2% (HSV-1 ANG path). Release of the HSV-1 progeny virus was reduced by one log step in the presence of 15 µM aescin. Virus particle integrity was mainly unaffected. Analytical investigation of aescin by UHPLC-MS revealed aescin IA and -IB and isoaescin IA and -IB as the main compounds with different functional activities. Aescin IA had the lowest IC50, the highest CC50, and an SI of > 4.6.","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Echinacea purpurea Extracts as Immunostimulants: Impact on Macrophage Activation. 紫锥菊提取物作为免疫刺激剂的评估：对巨噬细胞活化的影响

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1055/a-2436-9664

Sara F Vieira, Samuel M Gonçalves, Virgínia M F Gonçalves, Maria E Tiritan, Cristina Cunha, Agostinho Carvalho, Rui L Reis, Helena Ferreira, Nuno M Neves

{"title":"Evaluation of Echinacea purpurea Extracts as Immunostimulants: Impact on Macrophage Activation.","authors":"Sara F Vieira, Samuel M Gonçalves, Virgínia M F Gonçalves, Maria E Tiritan, Cristina Cunha, Agostinho Carvalho, Rui L Reis, Helena Ferreira, Nuno M Neves","doi":"10.1055/a-2436-9664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2436-9664","url":null,"abstract":"Echinacea purpurea has been traditionally used to strengthen the immune system. Therefore, herein, we investigated the potential of E. purpurea aqueous extracts (AEs) obtained from flowers (F), leaves (L), or roots (R) as an immune booster in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). Additionally, to identify the main class of compounds (phenolic/carboxylic acids vs. alkylamides) responsible for the bioactivity, the three AEs were fractioned by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The AEs and the isolated phenolic/carboxylic acidic fractions were not cytotoxic for hMDMs for all tested concentrations, as confirmed by the metabolic activity and DNA content assays. Moreover, AE drastically induced the production of the interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, with a minimal effect on IL-1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), supporting their potential for macrophage activation. Interestingly, in the presence of the phenolic/carboxylic acidic fractions, this efficacy considerably decreased, suggesting a complementary effect between compounds. AE also triggered the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 signaling pathways and upregulated the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in hMDMs. Overall, AE-F was demonstrated to be the most powerful immunostimulant extract that can be related to their higher number in identified bioactive compounds compared to AE-L and AE-R. These results highlight the efficiency of E. purpurea AE to enhance the function of a key cell type of the immune system and their potential as immunostimulant formulations for patients with a compromised immune system due to certain diseases (e.g., acquired immunodeficiencies) and treatments (e.g., chemotherapy).","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Translational perspectives on the therapeutic potential of Hyptis crenata essential oil terpenes in smooth muscle function. 更正：从转化的角度看克雷纳塔（Hyptis crenata）精油萜烯对平滑肌功能的治疗潜力。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1055/a-2426-9835

André Nogueira Cardeal Dos Santos, José Ednésio da Cruz Freire, Bruna Ferreira Rodrigues, Francisco Walber Ferreira-da-Silva, José Eduardo Ribeiro Honório Júnior, José Henrique Leal-Cardoso, Andrelina Coelho de Souza

引用次数: 0

Withaphysalin Derivatives from Iochroma arborescens Induce Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Activities in vitro. Iochroma arborescens 中的 Withaphysalin 衍生物在体外诱导抗增殖和抗移植物活性。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2381-5060

Rodrigo Elísio de Sá, Gisele Santos de Araújo, Fabrício Dos Santos Machado, Jessica Maria Teles Souza, Ayslan Batista Barros, Francisco das Chagas Lima Pinto, Joana Deyse Lima Agostinho, Alejandro Pedro Ayala, José Delano Barreto Marinho Filho, Otília Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa, Ana Jérsia Araújo

{"title":"Withaphysalin Derivatives from Iochroma arborescens Induce Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Activities in vitro.","authors":"Rodrigo Elísio de Sá, Gisele Santos de Araújo, Fabrício Dos Santos Machado, Jessica Maria Teles Souza, Ayslan Batista Barros, Francisco das Chagas Lima Pinto, Joana Deyse Lima Agostinho, Alejandro Pedro Ayala, José Delano Barreto Marinho Filho, Otília Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa, Ana Jérsia Araújo","doi":"10.1055/a-2381-5060","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2381-5060","url":null,"abstract":"Withanolides are steroidal lactones commonly found in plants of the Solanaceae family that have significant medicinal value. In this study, three withanolides extracted from Iochroma arborescens leaves were isolated and characterized. These included withaphysalin F (3: ) and two newly identified epimeric compounds: 18R- and 18S-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (1: and 2: ). Their structures were elucidated by NMR, IR, MS, CD, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and their potential against cell proliferation and migration was investigated. The cytotoxic assay revealed activity against different tumor and non-tumor cell lines. (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2: ) presented cell death effects after at least 6 hours of exposure. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to 0.06 and 0.6 µM of (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2: ), and reductions in cell adhesion, migration, and clonogenicity were observed. Morphological analysis revealed negative regulation in filopodia, salience, and roughness, as well as alterations in cellular microarchitecture. These results provide clues as to the effects of (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2: ), allowing new molecular modifications to improve potency and selectivity and increase our antineoplastic arsenal.","PeriodicalId":20127,"journal":{"name":"Planta medica","volume":" ","pages":"938-948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hematoxylin, an Alternative Substrate of Tyrosinase. 血色素，酪氨酸酶的另一种底物。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Planta medica Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2381-5201

Chantalle Crous, Ivanke A Swart, Judey Pretorius, Frank van der Kooy, Jacobus P Petzer, Anél Petzer

引用次数: 0