Physiological Reports最新文献_第8页

Exploring the impact of occupational exposure: A study on cardiovascular autonomic functions of male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka. 探索职业暴露的影响：斯里兰卡男性加油站服务员心血管自律功能研究。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70071

Tania Warnakulasuriya, Kushan Medagoda, Dulani Kottahachchi, Dunya Luke, Dilesha Wadasinghe, Prasanna Rathnayake, Janaki Ariyawansa, Tharuka Dissanayake, Pavani Sandeepani, Deepthi C De Silva, Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana

{"title":"Exploring the impact of occupational exposure: A study on cardiovascular autonomic functions of male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Tania Warnakulasuriya, Kushan Medagoda, Dulani Kottahachchi, Dunya Luke, Dilesha Wadasinghe, Prasanna Rathnayake, Janaki Ariyawansa, Tharuka Dissanayake, Pavani Sandeepani, Deepthi C De Silva, Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70071","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70071","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel dispensing at fuel stations is performed manually by unprotected male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka, who have long working hours. These workers are exposed to hydrocarbon fuels associated with multiple health effects by modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This study was performed to determine cardiovascular autonomic functions among fuel pump attendants in Sri Lanka. Fuel pump attendants (n = 50) aged between 19 and 65 years were identified for the study from seven fuel stations. They were compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n = 46) without occupational exposure to fuel. A physical examination was performed before the autonomic function and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment. There were no significant differences in weight, height, or BMI between the study and the control populations (p > 0.05). Both the systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Mann Whitney U (MWU) = 743.5, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MWU = 686.5, p = 0.001) were significantly higher among the gas station attendants compared to controls. Valsalva ratio was significantly higher among the study group (MW U = 874.00, p = 0.043) compared to controls. The HRV analysis showed significantly higher SDNN and SD2 (MWU = 842.00, p = 0.034, and MWU = 843.50, p = 0.035 respectively) among the gas station attendants compared to controls. The changes to the cardiovascular autonomic parameters among those exposed to fuel vapor as a gas station attendant indicate an increase in sympathetic outflow to the vessels. In the occupational setting as fuel pump attendants need periodic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiologists as medical scientists: An early warning from the German academic system. 作为医学家的生理学家：来自德国学术系统的预警。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70055

Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke, Nicolle Kränkel, Christoph Maack, Renate B Schnabel, Laura C Zelarayán, Norbert Frey, Peter Jezzard, Martina Krüger, Nico Lachmann, Susanne Lutz, Claudia Noack, Eric Schoger, Katrin Schröder, Laura C Sommerfeld, Sabine Steffens, Holger Winkels, Christina Würtz, Tanja Zeller, Eva A Rog-Zielinska, Peter Kohl

{"title":"Physiologists as medical scientists: An early warning from the German academic system.","authors":"Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke, Nicolle Kränkel, Christoph Maack, Renate B Schnabel, Laura C Zelarayán, Norbert Frey, Peter Jezzard, Martina Krüger, Nico Lachmann, Susanne Lutz, Claudia Noack, Eric Schoger, Katrin Schröder, Laura C Sommerfeld, Sabine Steffens, Holger Winkels, Christina Würtz, Tanja Zeller, Eva A Rog-Zielinska, Peter Kohl","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70055","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70055","url":null,"abstract":"\"Medical scientists\" are postgraduate investigators who are engaged in biomedical research, and either hold a biomedical PhD or are qualified in medicine but do not participate in patient care. Medical scientists constitute ~40% of staff at medical faculties and >90% at nonuniversity medical research institutions in Germany. However, medical scientists in Germany face limited long-term career prospects and a lack of dedicated training and support programmes. They also face time limits on their career progression arising from national academic employment legislation, and imminent reforms by the German government are likely to make this worse. Nevertheless, recent developments in the educational landscape including the introduction of increasingly focused MSc, pre-PhD, and doctoral programmes to train medically aware basic scientists, as well as improved general recognition of the roles and relevance of medical scientists in health research, are encouraging. Physiologists have taken essential steps to improve the recognition of medical scientists in Germany by introducing a \"specialist physiologist\" qualification; this initiative could be applied to support medical scientists in other fields and countries. In this review, we describe the particular challenges facing medical scientists in Germany and make recommendations that may apply to other academic systems.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intrauterine growth-restricted pregnant rats, from placental ischemic dams, display preeclamptic-like symptoms: A new rat model of preeclampsia. 胎盘缺血母鼠宫内生长受限的怀孕大鼠表现出类似子痫前期的症状：一种新的子痫前期大鼠模型

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70112

Jonna Smith, Madison Powell, Whitney Cromartie, Savanna Smith, Kylie Jones, Angie Castillo, Jordan Shaw, Joseph Editone, Ahfiya Howard, Robert Tatum, Alex Smith, Brandon Fisher, George W Booz, Mark Cunningham

{"title":"Intrauterine growth-restricted pregnant rats, from placental ischemic dams, display preeclamptic-like symptoms: A new rat model of preeclampsia.","authors":"Jonna Smith, Madison Powell, Whitney Cromartie, Savanna Smith, Kylie Jones, Angie Castillo, Jordan Shaw, Joseph Editone, Ahfiya Howard, Robert Tatum, Alex Smith, Brandon Fisher, George W Booz, Mark Cunningham","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70112","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70112","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by de novo hypertension (HTN) and is often associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Hallmarks of PE are placental ischemia, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress (OS), and organ damage in the kidneys and brain. This study aims to characterize a new model of PE using pregnant IUGR rats from hypertensive placental ischemic dams. It is hypothesized that pregnant IUGR rats from hypertensive placental ischemic dams will have elevated blood pressure (BP), OS, and organ damage. In this study, pregnant rats are divided into two groups: normal pregnant (NP) and hypertensive placental ischemic dams (RUPP). Offspring from NP and RUPP dams were mated at 10 weeks of age to generate pregnant IUGR (IUGR Preg) and pregnant control (CON Preg) rats. BP and other markers of PE were evaluated during late gestation. Pregnant IUGR rats had elevated BP and systemic OS. The maternal body weight of pregnant IUGR rats and their pups' weights were decreased, while the brains were enlarged with elevated OS. In summary, pregnant IUGR rats, born from hypertensive placental ischemic dams, have HTN and increased systemic and brain OS, with larger brain sizes and smaller pups. Furthermore, this study shows that pregnant IUGR rats exhibit a preeclamptic-like phenotype, suggesting a new epigenetic model of PE.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of exercise intensity and duration for swim training-induced adaptations in cardiac structure and function in women with mild hypertension. 运动强度和持续时间对游泳训练诱导轻度高血压女性心脏结构和功能适应性的影响。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70116

Tórur Sjúrðarson, Nikolai B Nordsborg, Jacobina Kristiansen, Lars Juel Andersen, Peter Krustrup, Kasper Kyhl, Magni Mohr

{"title":"The impact of exercise intensity and duration for swim training-induced adaptations in cardiac structure and function in women with mild hypertension.","authors":"Tórur Sjúrðarson, Nikolai B Nordsborg, Jacobina Kristiansen, Lars Juel Andersen, Peter Krustrup, Kasper Kyhl, Magni Mohr","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70116","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70116","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the impact of swim training intensity and duration on cardiac structure and function in mildly hypertensive women. Sixty-two mildly hypertensive women were randomized to 15 weeks of either (1) high-intensity swimming (HIS, n = 21), (2) moderate-intensity swimming (MOD, n = 21) or (3) control (CON, n = 20). Training sessions occurred three times per week. Cardiac measurements were conducted using echocardiography pre- and post-intervention. Both the HIS and MOD groups demonstrated significant within-group increases in left ventricular mass: 7.3% [1.2; 13.2] (p = 0.02) for HIS and 6.2% [0.5; 11.8] (p = 0.03) for MOD. The MOD group also demonstrated a significant increase in left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole by 2.4% [0.2; 4.6] (p = 0.03). Post-hoc analysis of diastolic function markers revealed reduced mitral valve A velocity in both HIS (-14% [-25; -3], p = 0.02) and MOD (-13% [-23; -3], p = 0.01), leading to increased mitral valve E/A ratios of 27% [10; 47] (p = 0.003) and 22% [5; 40] (p = 0.01), respectively. Additionally, only MOD demonstrated increased left atrial diameter of 4.9% [0.7; 9.1] (p =0.02). A significant time×group effect (p = 0.02) existed for global longitudinal strain, which increased by 1.6% [0.2; 3.0] (p = 0.03) in MOD only. In conclusion, swim training for 15 weeks increased left ventricular mass and improved markers of diastolic function in mildly hypertensive women. These independent of exercise intensity and duration in mildly hypertensive women.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11530408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tipping the scale: Effects of physical activity and body composition on cardiac parameters in postmenopausal females. 倾斜天平：体力活动和身体成分对绝经后女性心脏参数的影响。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70144

Mads Fischer, Andrea Tamariz-Ellemann, Jon Egelund, Nicolai Rytter, Ylva Hellsten, Lasse Gliemann

{"title":"Tipping the scale: Effects of physical activity and body composition on cardiac parameters in postmenopausal females.","authors":"Mads Fischer, Andrea Tamariz-Ellemann, Jon Egelund, Nicolai Rytter, Ylva Hellsten, Lasse Gliemann","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70144","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70144","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of cardiovascular disease increases significantly after menopause. We sought to assess the impact of different activity levels on cardiac structure and function in postmenopausal women. We grouped age-similar, postmenopausal women by self-reported physical activity levels over two decades. The study involved 34 women (age 61 ± 1 years; 11 ± 2 postmenopausal years; body mass index 23 ± 3 kg/m2) categorized into three activity tiers: sedentary (SED; ≤1 h exercise weekly; n = 9); moderately active (MOD; ≥2 ≤6 h low/moderate intensity exercise weekly; n = 11) and highly active (HIGH; >4 h of moderate/high intensity exercise weekly; n = 14). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the groups (24.9 ± 5.8; 30.5 ± 5.8; 38.4 ± 4.4 mL O2/kg/min; SED, MOD and HIGH respectively). Conversely, there were no differences (p > 0.05) in height, Total fat-free mass, body surface area or in echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) morphology, systolic function, diastolic function and right ventricular function. Contrary to our hypothesis, these findings reveal that marked differences in activity level and VO2max are not reflected in measures of LV morphology or echocardiographic indicators of cardiac diastolic or systolic function in postmenopausal women of similar body size.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 23","pages":"e70144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Western diet promotes the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in association with ferroptosis in male mice. 西方饮食促进雄性小鼠与铁下垂相关的代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病的进展。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70139

Nicole Maddie, Nefia Chacko, David Matatov, Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda

{"title":"Western diet promotes the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in association with ferroptosis in male mice.","authors":"Nicole Maddie, Nefia Chacko, David Matatov, Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70139","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70139","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a silent killer that often progresses to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). To date, there are no pharmacological treatments for MASLD. While obesity is a major cause of the development and progression of MASLD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that ferroptosis, a recently discovered nonapoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death, is activated during the progression of MASLD and may be a potential target for treating MASLD. Using a murine model of Western diet-induced obesity, C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to a long-term (36 weeks) Western diet. Controls were maintained with a standard chow diet. Western diet-induced obesity was confirmed by increased body mass index (BMI). Histopathological analysis demonstrated the progression of MASLD to MASH in the obese group, which was accompanied by significant hepatic iron deposition, oxidative damage, and lipid peroxidation. Hepatic ferroptosis was further confirmed by decreased protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and increased acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), markers of ferroptosis. These findings suggest that ferroptosis is a potential mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of MASLD in male mice.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 23","pages":"e70139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in immune cell populations during acclimatization to high altitude. 高海拔适应过程中免疫细胞群的变化。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70024

Kathy Pham, Abel Vargas, Shyleen Frost, Saheli Shah, Erica C Heinrich

{"title":"Changes in immune cell populations during acclimatization to high altitude.","authors":"Kathy Pham, Abel Vargas, Shyleen Frost, Saheli Shah, Erica C Heinrich","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70024","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"The immune response to acute hypoxemia may play a critical role in high-altitude acclimatization and adaptation. However, if not properly controlled, hypoxemia-induced inflammation may exacerbate high-altitude pathologies, such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), or other hypoxia-related clinical conditions. Several studies report changes in immune cell subsets at high altitude. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes, and if these alterations are beneficial or maladaptive, remains unknown. To address this, we performed multiparameter flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected throughout 3 days of high-altitude acclimatization in healthy sea-level residents (n = 20). Additionally, we conducted in vitro stimulation assays to test if high-altitude hypoxia exposure influences responses of immune cells to subsequent inflammatory stimuli. We found several immune populations were altered at high altitude, including monocytes, T cells, and B cells. Some changes in immune cell populations are potentially correlated with AMS incidence and severity. In vitro high-altitude PBMC cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed no changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine production after 1 day at high-altitude. However, by day three pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS decreased significantly. These results indicate that high-altitude exposure may initiate an inflammatory response that encompasses innate immune sensitization, with adaptive immune suppression following acclimatization.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 22","pages":"e70024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In silico analysis of ventricular action potential with a current-voltage-time representation: Thresholds, membrane resistance, repolarization reserve. 用电流-电压-时间表示法对心室动作电位进行硅学分析：阈值、膜电阻、复极化储备。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70085

Massimiliano Zaniboni

{"title":"In silico analysis of ventricular action potential with a current-voltage-time representation: Thresholds, membrane resistance, repolarization reserve.","authors":"Massimiliano Zaniboni","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70085","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"The waveform of ventricular action potential (AP) is a key determinant of the cardiac cycle, a marker of beating pathophysiology, and a target for anti-arrhythmic drug design. The information contained in the waveform, though, is limited to the actual dynamics of the AP under consideration. By measuring quasi-instantaneous current-voltage relationships during repolarization, I propose a three-dimensional representation of the ventricular AP which includes potential dynamic responses that the beat can show when electrically perturbed. This representation is described in the case of a numerically reconstructed ventricular AP, but it can be, at least partially, derived in real cardiomyocytes. Simulation allows to disclose the potentialities and the limitations of the approach, that can be extended to any non-cardiac AP. By reporting, at any AP time, the ion current available within the physiological membrane potential range at that time, the representation makes all together available: (1) refractory period, (2) thresholds for eliciting full or calcium-driven APs, (3) threshold for all-or-none repolarization, (4) membrane resistance during repolarization, (5) the safety of membrane repolarization. It provides further evidence of a negative membrane resistance during the late phase of ventricular AP and a quantitative estimate of repolarization reserve (RR), key determinants of repolarization dynamics.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reverse epidemiology of obesity paradox: Fact or fiction? 肥胖症反向流行病学悖论：事实还是虚构？

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70107

Bellamkonda K Kishore

{"title":"Reverse epidemiology of obesity paradox: Fact or fiction?","authors":"Bellamkonda K Kishore","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70107","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity paradox refers to the clinical observation that when acute cardiovascular decompensation occurs, patients with obesity may have a survival benefit. This apparently runs counter to the epidemiology of obesity, which may increase the risk for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The scientific community is split on obesity paradox, with some supporting it, while others call it BMI paradox. This review: (a) defines the obesity paradox, and its proposed role in overall mortality in NCDs; (b) delineates evidence for and against obesity paradox; (c) presents the importance of using different indices of body mass to assess the risk in NCDs; (d) examines the role of metabolically healthy obesity in obesity paradox, and emerging importance of cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) as an independent predictor of CVD risk and all-cause mortality in patients with/without obesity. Evidence suggests that the development of obesity and insulin resistance are influenced by genetic (or ethnic) make up and dietary habits (culture) of the individuals. Hence, this review presents lean diabetes, which has higher total CVD and non-CVD mortality as compared to diabetics with obesity and the possibility of maternal factors programming cardiometabolic risk during fetal development, which may lead to a paradigm shift in our understanding of obesity.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uninephrectomy and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor administration delay the onset of hyperglycemia. 无肾切除术和钠-葡萄糖共转运体 2 抑制剂可延缓高血糖的发生。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70121

Yuri Sakai Ishizaki, Masao Kikuchi, Koichi Kaikita, Shouichi Fujimoto

{"title":"Uninephrectomy and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor administration delay the onset of hyperglycemia.","authors":"Yuri Sakai Ishizaki, Masao Kikuchi, Koichi Kaikita, Shouichi Fujimoto","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70121","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70121","url":null,"abstract":"The kidneys are essential for glucose homeostasis, as they perform gluconeogenesis, utilize glucose, and reabsorb glucose. Reabsorption is performed by SGLT2, which is responsible for about 90%. However, little is known about how renal glucose handling is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in suppressing CKD progression in clinical trials, but their mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how each uninephrectomy (UNx) and SGLT2 inhibitor affects blood glucose concentrations and SGLTs dynamics in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Male rats were divided into four treatment groups: sham + placebo, sham + dapagliflozin, UNx + placebo, and UNx + dapagliflozin. There were few group differences in food intake or body weight, but blood glucose concentrations continued to rise in the sham + placebo, whereas this rise was delayed for several weeks in the UNx + placebo, and largely suppressed by dapagliflozin. SGLT2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the UNx group, but SGLT1 mRNA expression did not significantly differ. Dapagliflozin did not alter SGLT1 or SGLT2 mRNA expression. In animal models of diabetes, renal glucose reabsorption appears likely to be a major contributor to the development of hyperglycemia.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0