Physiological Reports最新文献

Unraveling the redox code to improve physiological research in human health and disease. 解开氧化还原密码，改善人类健康和疾病的生理研究。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70105

Josh Thorley

{"title":"Unraveling the redox code to improve physiological research in human health and disease.","authors":"Josh Thorley","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70105","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70105","url":null,"abstract":"Redox reactions, involving electron transfer, are critical to human physiology. However, progress in understanding redox metabolism is hindered by flawed analytical methods. This review highlights emerging techniques that promise to revolutionize redox research, enhancing our comprehension of human health and disease. Oxygen, vital for aerobic metabolism, also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. While historically seen as harmful, ROS at low concentrations are now recognized as key regulators of cell signaling. A balance between ROS and antioxidants, known as redox balance, is crucial, and deviations can lead to oxidative stress. Recent studies have distinguished beneficial \"oxidative eustress\" from harmful \"oxidative distress.\" New techniques, such as advanced mass spectrometry and high-throughput immunoassays, offer improved accuracy in measuring redox states and oxidative damage. These advancements are pivotal for understanding redox signaling, cysteine oxidation, and their implications for disease. Looking ahead, the development of precision redox medicine could lead to better treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases and foster interventions promoting health.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the effect of salbutamol use in ozone air pollution by people with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. 研究运动诱发支气管收缩患者在臭氧空气污染中使用沙丁胺醇的效果。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70117

Bennett T Stothers, Andy Hung, Patric E O Gonçalves, Lulu X Pei, Tessa van de Kerkhof, Jem I Arnold, Owen D Harris, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, Andrew W Sheel, Michael S Koehle

{"title":"Examining the effect of salbutamol use in ozone air pollution by people with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.","authors":"Bennett T Stothers, Andy Hung, Patric E O Gonçalves, Lulu X Pei, Tessa van de Kerkhof, Jem I Arnold, Owen D Harris, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, Andrew W Sheel, Michael S Koehle","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70117","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70117","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies based on animal models have raised concerns about salbutamol use in ozone air pollution with regard to ozone related lung injury. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study including 18 subjects diagnosed with EIB by a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) test. Participants completed 30 min of standardized moderate to vigorous exercise in four conditions: ozone plus salbutamol; room air plus salbutamol; ozone plus placebo medication; and room air plus placebo medication. Spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and symptoms were measured before, immediately after, 30 min after and 1 h after exercise. Measurements between the four conditions were compared using percent change from pre to post exercise. There was a statistically significant difference between the salbutamol and placebo medication groups for spirometric variables including FEV1 (Estimate = 6.3, 95% CI: 4.23-8.37, p < 0.001). No differences were observed between ozone and room air exposures. There were no significant differences in FeNO response between experimental conditions. We found that salbutamol improved pulmonary function in individuals with EIB when exercising in ozone and did not increase eosinophilic airway inflammation as indicated by FeNO. This evidence suggests that it is safe for people with EIB to continue to use salbutamol as proscribed when ozone levels are elevated.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of a triiodothyronine (T3) ELISA for mouse fecal samples. 验证小鼠粪便样本中的三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3) 酶联免疫吸附试验。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70115

Lucia M Thompson, Brailey M Coulter, Cinnamon L VanPutte

引用次数: 0

Intrauterine growth-restricted pregnant rats, from placental ischemic dams, display preeclamptic-like symptoms: A new rat model of preeclampsia. 胎盘缺血母鼠宫内生长受限的怀孕大鼠表现出类似子痫前期的症状：一种新的子痫前期大鼠模型

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70112

Jonna Smith, Madison Powell, Whitney Cromartie, Savanna Smith, Kylie Jones, Angie Castillo, Jordan Shaw, Joseph Editone, Ahfiya Howard, Robert Tatum, Alex Smith, Brandon Fisher, George W Booz, Mark Cunningham

{"title":"Intrauterine growth-restricted pregnant rats, from placental ischemic dams, display preeclamptic-like symptoms: A new rat model of preeclampsia.","authors":"Jonna Smith, Madison Powell, Whitney Cromartie, Savanna Smith, Kylie Jones, Angie Castillo, Jordan Shaw, Joseph Editone, Ahfiya Howard, Robert Tatum, Alex Smith, Brandon Fisher, George W Booz, Mark Cunningham","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70112","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70112","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by de novo hypertension (HTN) and is often associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Hallmarks of PE are placental ischemia, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress (OS), and organ damage in the kidneys and brain. This study aims to characterize a new model of PE using pregnant IUGR rats from hypertensive placental ischemic dams. It is hypothesized that pregnant IUGR rats from hypertensive placental ischemic dams will have elevated blood pressure (BP), OS, and organ damage. In this study, pregnant rats are divided into two groups: normal pregnant (NP) and hypertensive placental ischemic dams (RUPP). Offspring from NP and RUPP dams were mated at 10 weeks of age to generate pregnant IUGR (IUGR Preg) and pregnant control (CON Preg) rats. BP and other markers of PE were evaluated during late gestation. Pregnant IUGR rats had elevated BP and systemic OS. The maternal body weight of pregnant IUGR rats and their pups' weights were decreased, while the brains were enlarged with elevated OS. In summary, pregnant IUGR rats, born from hypertensive placental ischemic dams, have HTN and increased systemic and brain OS, with larger brain sizes and smaller pups. Furthermore, this study shows that pregnant IUGR rats exhibit a preeclamptic-like phenotype, suggesting a new epigenetic model of PE.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of exercise intensity and duration for swim training-induced adaptations in cardiac structure and function in women with mild hypertension. 运动强度和持续时间对游泳训练诱导轻度高血压女性心脏结构和功能适应性的影响。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70116

Tórur Sjúrðarson, Nikolai B Nordsborg, Jacobina Kristiansen, Lars Juel Andersen, Peter Krustrup, Kasper Kyhl, Magni Mohr

{"title":"The impact of exercise intensity and duration for swim training-induced adaptations in cardiac structure and function in women with mild hypertension.","authors":"Tórur Sjúrðarson, Nikolai B Nordsborg, Jacobina Kristiansen, Lars Juel Andersen, Peter Krustrup, Kasper Kyhl, Magni Mohr","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70116","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70116","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the impact of swim training intensity and duration on cardiac structure and function in mildly hypertensive women. Sixty-two mildly hypertensive women were randomized to 15 weeks of either (1) high-intensity swimming (HIS, n = 21), (2) moderate-intensity swimming (MOD, n = 21) or (3) control (CON, n = 20). Training sessions occurred three times per week. Cardiac measurements were conducted using echocardiography pre- and post-intervention. Both the HIS and MOD groups demonstrated significant within-group increases in left ventricular mass: 7.3% [1.2; 13.2] (p = 0.02) for HIS and 6.2% [0.5; 11.8] (p = 0.03) for MOD. The MOD group also demonstrated a significant increase in left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole by 2.4% [0.2; 4.6] (p = 0.03). Post-hoc analysis of diastolic function markers revealed reduced mitral valve A velocity in both HIS (-14% [-25; -3], p = 0.02) and MOD (-13% [-23; -3], p = 0.01), leading to increased mitral valve E/A ratios of 27% [10; 47] (p = 0.003) and 22% [5; 40] (p = 0.01), respectively. Additionally, only MOD demonstrated increased left atrial diameter of 4.9% [0.7; 9.1] (p =0.02). A significant time×group effect (p = 0.02) existed for global longitudinal strain, which increased by 1.6% [0.2; 3.0] (p = 0.03) in MOD only. In conclusion, swim training for 15 weeks increased left ventricular mass and improved markers of diastolic function in mildly hypertensive women. These independent of exercise intensity and duration in mildly hypertensive women.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11530408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of occupational exposure: A study on cardiovascular autonomic functions of male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka. 探索职业暴露的影响：斯里兰卡男性加油站服务员心血管自律功能研究。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70071

Tania Warnakulasuriya, Kushan Medagoda, Dulani Kottahachchi, Dunya Luke, Dilesha Wadasinghe, Prasanna Rathnayake, Janaki Ariyawansa, Tharuka Dissanayake, Pavani Sandeepani, Deepthi C De Silva, Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana

{"title":"Exploring the impact of occupational exposure: A study on cardiovascular autonomic functions of male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Tania Warnakulasuriya, Kushan Medagoda, Dulani Kottahachchi, Dunya Luke, Dilesha Wadasinghe, Prasanna Rathnayake, Janaki Ariyawansa, Tharuka Dissanayake, Pavani Sandeepani, Deepthi C De Silva, Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70071","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70071","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel dispensing at fuel stations is performed manually by unprotected male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka, who have long working hours. These workers are exposed to hydrocarbon fuels associated with multiple health effects by modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This study was performed to determine cardiovascular autonomic functions among fuel pump attendants in Sri Lanka. Fuel pump attendants (n = 50) aged between 19 and 65 years were identified for the study from seven fuel stations. They were compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n = 46) without occupational exposure to fuel. A physical examination was performed before the autonomic function and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment. There were no significant differences in weight, height, or BMI between the study and the control populations (p > 0.05). Both the systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Mann Whitney U (MWU) = 743.5, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MWU = 686.5, p = 0.001) were significantly higher among the gas station attendants compared to controls. Valsalva ratio was significantly higher among the study group (MW U = 874.00, p = 0.043) compared to controls. The HRV analysis showed significantly higher SDNN and SD2 (MWU = 842.00, p = 0.034, and MWU = 843.50, p = 0.035 respectively) among the gas station attendants compared to controls. The changes to the cardiovascular autonomic parameters among those exposed to fuel vapor as a gas station attendant indicate an increase in sympathetic outflow to the vessels. In the occupational setting as fuel pump attendants need periodic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiologists as medical scientists: An early warning from the German academic system. 作为医学家的生理学家：来自德国学术系统的预警。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70055

Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke, Nicolle Kränkel, Christoph Maack, Renate B Schnabel, Laura C Zelarayán, Norbert Frey, Peter Jezzard, Martina Krüger, Nico Lachmann, Susanne Lutz, Claudia Noack, Eric Schoger, Katrin Schröder, Laura C Sommerfeld, Sabine Steffens, Holger Winkels, Christina Würtz, Tanja Zeller, Eva A Rog-Zielinska, Peter Kohl

{"title":"Physiologists as medical scientists: An early warning from the German academic system.","authors":"Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke, Nicolle Kränkel, Christoph Maack, Renate B Schnabel, Laura C Zelarayán, Norbert Frey, Peter Jezzard, Martina Krüger, Nico Lachmann, Susanne Lutz, Claudia Noack, Eric Schoger, Katrin Schröder, Laura C Sommerfeld, Sabine Steffens, Holger Winkels, Christina Würtz, Tanja Zeller, Eva A Rog-Zielinska, Peter Kohl","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70055","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70055","url":null,"abstract":"\"Medical scientists\" are postgraduate investigators who are engaged in biomedical research, and either hold a biomedical PhD or are qualified in medicine but do not participate in patient care. Medical scientists constitute ~40% of staff at medical faculties and >90% at nonuniversity medical research institutions in Germany. However, medical scientists in Germany face limited long-term career prospects and a lack of dedicated training and support programmes. They also face time limits on their career progression arising from national academic employment legislation, and imminent reforms by the German government are likely to make this worse. Nevertheless, recent developments in the educational landscape including the introduction of increasingly focused MSc, pre-PhD, and doctoral programmes to train medically aware basic scientists, as well as improved general recognition of the roles and relevance of medical scientists in health research, are encouraging. Physiologists have taken essential steps to improve the recognition of medical scientists in Germany by introducing a \"specialist physiologist\" qualification; this initiative could be applied to support medical scientists in other fields and countries. In this review, we describe the particular challenges facing medical scientists in Germany and make recommendations that may apply to other academic systems.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reverse epidemiology of obesity paradox: Fact or fiction? 肥胖症反向流行病学悖论：事实还是虚构？

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70107

Bellamkonda K Kishore

{"title":"Reverse epidemiology of obesity paradox: Fact or fiction?","authors":"Bellamkonda K Kishore","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70107","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity paradox refers to the clinical observation that when acute cardiovascular decompensation occurs, patients with obesity may have a survival benefit. This apparently runs counter to the epidemiology of obesity, which may increase the risk for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The scientific community is split on obesity paradox, with some supporting it, while others call it BMI paradox. This review: (a) defines the obesity paradox, and its proposed role in overall mortality in NCDs; (b) delineates evidence for and against obesity paradox; (c) presents the importance of using different indices of body mass to assess the risk in NCDs; (d) examines the role of metabolically healthy obesity in obesity paradox, and emerging importance of cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) as an independent predictor of CVD risk and all-cause mortality in patients with/without obesity. Evidence suggests that the development of obesity and insulin resistance are influenced by genetic (or ethnic) make up and dietary habits (culture) of the individuals. Hence, this review presents lean diabetes, which has higher total CVD and non-CVD mortality as compared to diabetics with obesity and the possibility of maternal factors programming cardiometabolic risk during fetal development, which may lead to a paradigm shift in our understanding of obesity.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Announcing the winners of the 10th anniversary year Short Review competition for early career researchers. 宣布十周年纪念活动 "早期职业研究人员短评 "竞赛的获奖者。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70102

Josephine C Adams

引用次数: 0

The future of physiological research: A greater understanding of female master athletes and aging? 生理研究的未来：更深入地了解女运动员和衰老？

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70109

Lorcan S Daly

{"title":"The future of physiological research: A greater understanding of female master athletes and aging?","authors":"Lorcan S Daly","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70109","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70109","url":null,"abstract":"High caliber master athletes provide a valuable model for studying inherent physiological aging and performance capacity, without the confounding factor of physical inactivity. Despite the remarkable achievements of female master athletes, their participation rates remain significantly lower than those of their male counterparts, particularly at more advanced ages. This review examines the biological sex gap in sports participation among master athletes and the subsequent disparity in empirical research, thereafter exploring possible contributing factors. It highlights the importance of studying female master athletes to better understand the aging process and offers recommendations to address current evidence gaps. The need for more comprehensive mechanistic data on highly trained older women, novel cataloguing and analysis of real-world datasets, case studies/series, and longitudinal research are also emphasized. Although analyzing the records of female master athletes as a surrogate to determine age-related physiological and performance changes is a common approach, the process may be hindered by the considerably lower participation rates of women. Therefore, an important step toward bridging these gaps is the longitudinal, integrative study of female athletes engaged in lifelong exercise. Such analyses would improve our understanding of senescence in women and may inform interventions targeting the promotion of physical function in older adults.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0