Physiological Reports最新文献_第2页

Are saliva and bile sources of oxalate secretion into the human gastrointestinal tract? 唾液和胆汁是草酸盐分泌进入人体胃肠道的来源吗？

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70827

Emma Earhart, Thomas Tielleman, John Knight, Jonathan M Whittamore

{"title":"Are saliva and bile sources of oxalate secretion into the human gastrointestinal tract?","authors":"Emma Earhart, Thomas Tielleman, John Knight, Jonathan M Whittamore","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70827","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70827","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated urine oxalate (hyperoxaluria) is a risk factor for kidney stones. Normally eliminated by the kidneys, oxalate originates from endogenous metabolism and dietary absorption but secretion into the intestine remains an open question. We considered saliva and bile as two potential sources. Previous studies report ≥100 μmol/L oxalate in saliva, far exceeding blood (1-3 μmol/L), implying secretion. With the liver being the main site of oxalate synthesis, bile is another path into the intestine. We set out to (1) Verify these salivary oxalate concentrations and rates of secretion. (2) Measure oxalate concentrations in bile. Saliva was obtained from healthy volunteers and bile from patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Oxalate was determined by commercial assay and ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IC-MS). With the assay, salivary oxalate averaged 21 μmol/L. However, using IC-MS, values were ~1 μmol/L, comparable to plasma. This disparity resulted from positive interference with the enzyme-based assay by one or more constituents in saliva. The rate of salivary secretion thus proved negligible. Bile oxalate averaged 14 μmol/L, suggesting hepatocyte secretion but biliary clearance is minor (<5%), relative to urine. We conclude saliva and bile are insignificant sources of secretion and unnecessary for determining oxalate clearance.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 8","pages":"e70827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ponatinib confers adult human cardiomyocyte toxicity via inhibition of AKT signaling. Ponatinib通过抑制AKT信号传导而赋予成人心肌细胞毒性。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70877

Linna Guo, Rongjia Rao, Hong Liu, Bingying Zhou

引用次数: 0

A deep learning algorithm for automatic 3D segmentation and classification of the sheep placenta in magnetic resonance images. 羊胎盘磁共振图像三维自动分割与分类的深度学习算法。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70869

Dimitra Flouri, Giorgos Adamides, Jack R T Darby, Stacey L Holman, Andreas S Panayides, Anna L David, Vasileios Vavourakis, Janna L Morrison, Andrew Melbourne

{"title":"A deep learning algorithm for automatic 3D segmentation and classification of the sheep placenta in magnetic resonance images.","authors":"Dimitra Flouri, Giorgos Adamides, Jack R T Darby, Stacey L Holman, Andreas S Panayides, Anna L David, Vasileios Vavourakis, Janna L Morrison, Andrew Melbourne","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70869","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70869","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invasive method for assessing placental morphology and physiology in vivo, offering higher resolution and functional insight than ultrasound. However, placental MRI analysis is limited by manual segmentation and time-consuming classification workflows that are prone to inter-operator variability in preclinical sheep models. This study presents the first fully automated MRI analysis pipeline for the ovine placenta, integrating advanced deep learning models to accelerate and standardize preclinical placental assessment. We evaluated 2D and 3D configurations of the self-configuring nnU-Net against a conventional 2D U-Net, training on expert-annotated datasets and testing on a held-out set. The 3D nnU-Net achieved a Dice score above 0.81, outperforming both 2D approaches while reducing processing time by more than 95% and closely matching manual contours. Using these segmentations, we implemented a YOLOv11-based detection module to localize and classify individual placentomes into four morphological types (A-D), achieving 88.7% precision, 92.1% recall, mAP50 of 95.1%, and mAP50-95 of 93.5%. This dual-stage workflow enables fully automated, in vivo quantification of placentome morphology in sheep, supporting high-throughput, reproducible assessment of placental structural and functional adaptation while reducing operator bias and manual burden, and laying the foundation for MRI biomarker validation.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 8","pages":"e70869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13090531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Return to an extreme environment exposure after pulmonary infection: SCUBA diving as a model? 肺部感染后重返极端环境暴露：以水肺潜水为榜样？

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70862

Danilo Cialoni, Andrea Brizzolari, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Alessandra Vezzoli, Cinzia Dellanoce, Massimo Pieri, Riccardo Pelliccia, Chiara Petrassi, Gerardo Bosco, Alessandra Barassi, Alessandro Marroni

{"title":"Return to an extreme environment exposure after pulmonary infection: SCUBA diving as a model?","authors":"Danilo Cialoni, Andrea Brizzolari, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Alessandra Vezzoli, Cinzia Dellanoce, Massimo Pieri, Riccardo Pelliccia, Chiara Petrassi, Gerardo Bosco, Alessandra Barassi, Alessandro Marroni","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70862","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70862","url":null,"abstract":"The human body implements several adaptive mechanisms to perform in extreme environments. Increasingly, individuals return to such conditions after pulmonary infections, raising concerns about potential long-term respiratory consequences. This study aims to investigate the return to SCUBA diving after pulmonary infection, using COVID-19 as a model to provide evidence for safe reintegration into extreme environments, with a focus on vascular, oxidative and vascular stress. Twenty-three expert SCUBA divers who had symptomatic COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant) were enrolled as studied group (COV-19). None required intensive care, but all showed signs of lung inflammation. A control group (CTR) included nine male divers. They performed three dives at increasing depths (-10, -20, and -40 m). Lung function, nitric oxide derivatives (NOx), exhaled FeNO, oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-isoprostante, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and TAC main components (albumin and uric acid), inflammatory response indicators including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and glycocalyx indexes were measured before and after each dive. No differences in FeNO, NOx, or lung function were observed between groups. However, COV-19 divers showed higher ROS, 8-isoprostane, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α than the CTR divers, suggesting persistent inflammatory alterations. TAC remained unchanged. Significant differences emerged in glycocalyx markers. These results suggest an overall return to normal adaptation to diving after pulmonary infection. However, persistent inflammatory differences highlight the need for caution and personalized evaluation based on disease severity and recovery.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 7","pages":"e70862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanism of paraventricular nucleus H₂S on PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway in male spontaneously hypertensive rats. 室旁核H2S对雄性自发性高血压大鼠PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3通路的作用机制。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70861

Yan-Feng Liang, Shu-Yue Chen, Hui Wang, Han-Jun Song, Bao-Cheng Zhang, Ming-Fu Wang, Chao Lv, Xiao-Yu Wang, Shuai Zhang, Huai-Yu Xing, Quan Yuan, Hong-Bin Li, Xin-Rui Ding, Zhang-Ran Xing, Xin-Yi Han, Dong-Dong Zhang

{"title":"Mechanism of paraventricular nucleus H2S on PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway in male spontaneously hypertensive rats.","authors":"Yan-Feng Liang, Shu-Yue Chen, Hui Wang, Han-Jun Song, Bao-Cheng Zhang, Ming-Fu Wang, Chao Lv, Xiao-Yu Wang, Shuai Zhang, Huai-Yu Xing, Quan Yuan, Hong-Bin Li, Xin-Rui Ding, Zhang-Ran Xing, Xin-Yi Han, Dong-Dong Zhang","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70861","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70861","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects. However, the central nervous system regulatory mechanisms of H2S in hypertension remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of H2S on the PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) inflammatory responses by injecting S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe, an endogenous H2S agonist) or the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 (GSK) into the PVN of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Additionally, we employed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell inflammation model and intervened with SAMe or the NLRP3 activator BMS-986299 (BMS) to further validate the relevant molecular mechanisms. Relevant indicators were analyzed using tail artery blood pressure measurement, CCK-8 assay, ELISA, immunofluorescence, western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). This study found that H2S in the PVN improves spontaneous hypertension by inhibiting the PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway and reducing sympathetic activity. Cell experiments further confirmed that the inhibitory effect of H2S on this pathway is the key mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory protective effects.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 7","pages":"e70861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex differences in IL-6 responses to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise are explained by cycling power output. 中等强度有氧运动中IL-6反应的性别差异可以通过循环功率输出来解释。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70850

Ena Yoshida, Harumi Hayashida, Tung Lin Lu, Yasuhiro Seki, Katsuhiko Suzuki

{"title":"Sex differences in IL-6 responses to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise are explained by cycling power output.","authors":"Ena Yoshida, Harumi Hayashida, Tung Lin Lu, Yasuhiro Seki, Katsuhiko Suzuki","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70850","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70850","url":null,"abstract":"This study characterized interleukin-6 (IL-6) and derivative-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) responses to moderate-intensity exercise in healthy adults and assessed whether sex differences were due to workload. Fifteen males (26.5 ± 2.9 years, BMI: 23.7 ± 3.1) and 14 females (25.7 ± 2.8 years, BMI: 21.2 ± 1.8 in the menstrual phase (MP) and 21.8 ± 2.1 in the luteal phase (LP)) completed 60 min of cycling at 65 ± 5% of predicted maximal heart rate. Power output was 42.8 ± 11.8 W (MP), 44.0 ± 14.1 W (LP), and 78.8 ± 26.9 W (males) (MP vs. males and LP vs. males: p < 0.001). IL-6 and d-ROMs were measured before (Pre), immediately after (Post0), and 60 min after exercise (Post60), and group × time effects were tested using linear mixed-effects models. IL-6 showed a group × time interaction. Males had greater IL-6 responses than females at Post0 (MP vs. males: p < 0.001; LP vs. males: p < 0.05), but these differences were not significant after adjusting for power output. d-ROMs showed no significant changes over time or by group. Power output correlated with carbohydrate oxidation. These findings suggest that, at the same relative intensity, sex differences in IL-6 responses reflect workload.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 7","pages":"e70850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LQT1 patients have augmented response of repolarization dispersion following atropine induced heart rate increase versus healthy controls. 与健康对照相比，LQT1患者在阿托品引起的心率增加后复极化弥散反应增强。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70889

Pia Dahlberg, Karl-Jonas Axelsson, Steen M Jensen, Gunilla Lundahl, Lennart Gransberg, Lennart Bergfeldt

{"title":"LQT1 patients have augmented response of repolarization dispersion following atropine induced heart rate increase versus healthy controls.","authors":"Pia Dahlberg, Karl-Jonas Axelsson, Steen M Jensen, Gunilla Lundahl, Lennart Gransberg, Lennart Bergfeldt","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70889","url":null,"abstract":"The long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1) is caused by loss-of-function mutations affecting the potassium channel current IKs important for repolarization adaptation at heart rate (HR) increase. We therefore compared changes in three global VR dispersion parameters following a rapid, atropine-induced HR increase in LQT1 patients versus healthy controls applying Frank vectorcardiography. The adaptation patterns, magnitudes, and changing rates of T amplitude, T area, and the ventricular gradient were assessed during 5 min following injection. Twenty-one LQT1 patients and 31 controls were enrolled. HR increased similarly within ~23 s. The majority had a tri-phasic VR dispersion adaptation pattern: a rapid decrease to a minimum, a slower return to a slightly higher level, and a very slow almost horizontal decrease. In the LQT1 group, all three dispersion parameters had a longer lasting rapid phase and larger overshoot reaction, although statistically significant only for T amplitude. In conclusion, LQT1 was associated with an augmented adaptation of global dispersion parameters to a rapid HR increase versus healthy controls. Further studies are needed to determine how these observations relate to arrhythmogenesis and if the atropine test of QT interval and dispersion adaptation can be used in risk assessment on the individual level.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 8","pages":"e70889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification and solute selectivity of aquaporins in the sharpnose sevengill shark, Heptranchias perlo. 尖鼻七鳃鲨水通道蛋白的全基因组鉴定和溶质选择性。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70895

Shinichiro Hidaka, Ayumi Nagashima, Akira Kato

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and solute selectivity of aquaporins in the sharpnose sevengill shark, Heptranchias perlo.","authors":"Shinichiro Hidaka, Ayumi Nagashima, Akira Kato","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70895","url":null,"abstract":"The aquaporin genes (aqps) are widely distributed among vertebrates. In cartilaginous fish, aqp3 and aqp10 are duplicated, whereas many species have lost aqp8. While the solute permeability of aquaglyceroporins and Aqp8 exhibits significant diversity, systematic evaluations of their activity within species are limited. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the aqps in various cartilaginous fish genome databases. Our analysis revealed that the sharpnose sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo) and North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) possess all aqp genes found in cartilaginous fish, rendering them suitable for comparative analysis of Aqp activity. The activity of all aquaglyceroporins and Aqp8 in the sharpnose sevengill shark was analyzed using Xenopus oocyte swelling assays. The water permeability of Aqp3c2, Aqp8, Aqp9, Aqp10c1, and Aqp10c2; the glycerol permeability of Aqp3c2, Aqp9, and Aqp10c2; the urea permeability of Aqp3c2, Aqp8, Aqp9, and Aqp10c2; and the boric acid permeability of Aqp8 and Aqp9 were determined. The urea and boric acid permeabilities of Aqp9 were higher than those of other Aqps. Our results provide genomic evidence for the loss of aqp7 and further elucidate the diversification of aqp8 in cartilaginous fishes. Moreover, the urea permeability of Aqp9 suggests a functional role in their unique urea-based osmoregulation strategy.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 8","pages":"e70895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variability of ventilation during exercise is greater in adolescents than in adults. 运动时换气的变异性在青少年中比在成人中更大。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70846

Ryan Welch, Sarah Casey, John Kolbe, Kevin Ellyett

{"title":"Variability of ventilation during exercise is greater in adolescents than in adults.","authors":"Ryan Welch, Sarah Casey, John Kolbe, Kevin Ellyett","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70846","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70846","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence involves rapid physiological changes that may affect ventilatory control. This study used Poincaré and approximate entropy (ApEn) analyses to assess ventilatory variability and randomness during steady-state exercise in adolescents and adults. Twelve adolescents (10-14 years) and 10 adults (25-35 years) completed 20 min of submaximal cycling at 1.0 W·kg-1. The final 15 min were analyzed using Poincaré and ApEn. Continuous variables were expressed as median (interquartile range) and compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test (α = 0.05). Adolescents showed greater breathing frequency (BF) standard deviation (SD) 1 4.7 (3.7-5.4) vs. 2.6 (2.5-3.3) 1·min-1 (p < 0.01), BF SD2 4.9 (4.2-6.8) vs. 3.6 (3.5-4.3) 1 min-1 (p = <0.05) and minute ventilation (V̇E) relative to body weight SD1 0.02 (0.02-0.03) vs. 0.01 (0.01-0.02) L·min-1·kg (p = <0.01). ApEn was also higher in adolescents for V̇E 1.23 (1.20-1.32) vs. 1.01 (0.93-1.25) (p = <0.05), BF 1.26 (1.24-1.33) vs. 1.17 (1.01-1.18) (p < 0.01) and tidal volume 1.33 (1.26-1.37) vs. 1.23 (1.14-1.27) (p < 0.05). This study suggests that adolescents showed greater ventilatory variability and randomness compared to adults, likely reflecting developmental plasticity and immature ventilatory control.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 7","pages":"e70846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147531834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex-dependent effects of environmental enrichment on mood-related behaviors, central and peripheral BDNF, and adrenal catecholamine enzymes in mice. 环境富集对小鼠情绪相关行为、中枢和外周BDNF和肾上腺儿茶酚胺酶的性别依赖性影响。

IF 2.2

Physiological Reports Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70870

M F Herselman, S Y Luo, L Y Lin, X F Zhou, L Bobrovskaya

{"title":"Sex-dependent effects of environmental enrichment on mood-related behaviors, central and peripheral BDNF, and adrenal catecholamine enzymes in mice.","authors":"M F Herselman, S Y Luo, L Y Lin, X F Zhou, L Bobrovskaya","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70870","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70870","url":null,"abstract":"Housing conditions, particularly environmental enrichment (EE), can influence experimental outcomes and welfare. While EE is generally regarded as beneficial, a male bias exists in research supporting this. This study investigated whether sex differences exist in levels of BDNF in the brain and peripheral tissues in environmentally enriched mice. Expression of the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes of the adrenal glands, key to the sympathoadrenal medullary system and stress response, was also investigated. We showed that female mice exposed to EE exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors. EE in male mice did not induce anxiety-like behavior, and it was associated with increased hippocampal and pituitary BDNF expression, suggestive of enhanced neurotrophic support. In the adrenal gland, the levels of adrenal catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, specifically total tyrosine hydroxylase and PNMT levels, were increased in females, but not in males. In conclusion, EE may serve as a mild stressor in female mice. In male mice, EE may have induced neurotrophic support of the hippocampus since hippocampal BDNF levels were increased with minimal changes to adrenal catecholamine synthetic enzymes. This study highlights the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in translational neuroscientific research.","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"14 7","pages":"e70870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13079431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0