Physiological Reports最新文献

{"title":"Spinal pain prevalence and associated determinants: A population-based study using the National Survey for Wales.","authors":"David C Byfield, Benjamin S Stacey, Hywel T Evans, Ian W Farr, Leon Yandle, Lora Roberts, Teresa Filipponi, Damian M Bailey","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70101","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal pain (SP) remains the leading cause of disability worldwide. The present study aimed to establish a current prevalence of SP and associated determinants in Wales by retrospectively analyzing data from the National Survey for Wales Dataset (NSWD). The NSWD is a large-scale cross-sectional, representative sample of adults across Wales, UK. A univariable and multivariable regression analysis was carried out on self-reported answers to health and well-being questions contained within the NSWD (2016-2020) to determine the strength of association of various determinants and comorbidities related to spinal pain. A total population of 38,954 of adults were included in the analysis. The study population included interview responses of 21,735 females and 17,219 males. The prevalence of SP in Wales was 4.95% (95% CI: 4.74%-5.15%) with a total of 847 males (4.92%, CI: 4.60%-5.24%) and 1082 females (4.98%, CI: 4.69%-5.27%) reporting spinal pain. The age group with the highest prevalence of SP was in the 70+ years age group for both males (5.44%, CI: 4.82%-6.07%) and females (5.95%, CI: 5.37%-6.54%). The strength of association between age and SP reaches its peak at 50-59 years with an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of 3.74 (p = <0.001), that decreases slightly at 60-69 years and 70+ years. For various comorbidities included in the NSWD, significant associations with SP were confirmed for: mental illness (aOR = 1.42, p = <0.001), migraine (aOR = 2.73, p = <0.001), nervous system issues (aOR = 1.61, p = <0.001), arthritis (aOR = 1.30, p = <0.001) and issues with bones/joints/muscles (aOR = 1.93, p = <0.001). For lifestyle factors, associations were confirmed for current smokers (aOR = 1.41, p = <0.001) and ex-smokers (aOR = 1.23, p = 0.003). This study demonstrates a low prevalence of SP in Wales when compared to global estimates and strong associations to a variety of determinants. This still represents a significant societal burden and these findings may help inform public health initiatives to encourage prevention and evidence-based interventional strategies and ultimately, improve the quality of life for those suffering with SP in Wales.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring gut microbiota during short-term high-fat diet exposure in mice.","authors":"Henry A Paz, Lasya Buddha, Ying Zhong, James D Sikes, Umesh D Wankhade","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70111","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alterations in the gut microbiome have been linked to obesity, with maternal high-fat diet (HF) playing a role in shaping offspring microbiome composition. However, the sex-specific responses to maternal HF diet and the impact of subsequent dietary challenges remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of maternal HF diet on offspring gut microbiota structure and predicted functional profile in response to short-term postnatal HF diet exposure with a focus on sex-specific responses. Female and male offspring of maternal control (C) diet or maternal HF diet were weaned onto C diet or HF diet. Offspring were euthanized at 13 weeks of age and cecal contents were collected for bacterial taxonomic profiling. Maternal HF diet reduced α-diversity, notably in male offspring weaned onto HF diet. Sex-specific differences were observed in the gut microbial composition and predicted functional potential. Furthermore, the influence of maternal diet on bacterial community structure and functional potential varied depending on postnatal diet. Maternal HF diet led to increased relative abundance of Corynebacterium in female offspring and decreased abundance of Akkermansia and Roseburia in male offspring. These findings underscore the sexually dimorphic nature of maternal HF diet effects on gut microbiota composition and function, with implications for developmental programming and metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom clusters and resting cardiovascular autonomic measures in adolescents: From acute concussion to recovery.","authors":"Wenjie Ji, Haley M Chizuk, John J Leddy, Sue A Sisto, Mohammad N Haider","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70114","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sport-related concussion (SRC) is associated with cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. This study examines resting cardiovascular ANS activity in adolescents with SRC compared to controls early post-injury and after clinical recovery, analyzing its correlation with symptom severity and recovery outcomes. Cardiovascular ANS function was evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Symptoms were assessed via the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, and recovery outcomes were categorized by recovery duration. Following acute SRC, no significant differences in HRV, SBPV or BRS were found between SRC and control groups, nor between those with delayed or normal recovery. Post-recovery, SRC participants had higher low frequency (LF) SBPV than controls and their initial assessment. When concussed participants were symptomatic, LF SBPV correlated directly with overall, cognitive, and fatigue symptom severity, while high frequency (HF) HRV inversely correlated with affective symptoms (Spearman's rho: 0.4-0.6). Resting cardiovascular ANS function remains unchanged in adolescent athletes acutely after SRC, suggesting it has limited diagnostic and prognostic potential. Although some correlations between individual symptom domains and ANS activity were observed, they were not significantly different from asymptomatic controls, limiting the ability to interpret these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hot pants: The emerging field of exercise mimetics, from hospital beds to the international space station.","authors":"Kevin John","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70108","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Partaking in regular exercise has vast psychological and physiological benefits. However, factors that promote sedentary lifestyle such as occupational obligations (desk-based work) or underlying health comorbidities can limit adherence to exercise regimes. Considering the current trends in physical inactivity, development of alternate strategies to replicate or mimic the beneficial adaptations associated with regular exercise may become a highly sought after commodity. A relevant and current example of this is the enormous market demand for glucagon-like peptide-1 drugs for the management of obesity and type-2 diabetes. The goal of this short review is to direct attention toward non-pharmaceutical strategies and specifically focuses on the topical application of heat stress to passively improve health. The review highlights important heat-induced adaptations and identifies scope for technological innovations that will allow delivery of heating interventions outside the confinement of laboratory settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the antifibrotic potential of naringenin, asiatic acid, and icariin using murine and human precision-cut liver slices.","authors":"Ke Luo, Yana Geng, Dorenda Oosterhuis, Vincent E de Meijer, Peter Olinga","doi":"10.14814/phy2.16136","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.16136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver fibrosis is an exaggerated wound healing response defined by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This study investigated the antifibrotic potential of naringenin (NRG), asiatic acid (AA), and icariin (ICA) using murine and human precision-cut liver slices (PCLS). These natural products have shown promise in animal models, but human data are lacking. In this study, PCLS prepared from male mouse liver tissue (mPCLS), healthy human liver tissue (hhPCLS), and cirrhotic human liver tissue (chPCLS) were cultured for 48 h with varying concentrations of the three compounds. Our findings indicate that NRG reduced collagen type 1 (COL1A1) expression in a concentration-dependent manner in both mPCLS and chPCLS, decreased fibrosis-related gene expression, and significantly lowered pro-collagen type 1 (PCOL1A1) levels in the culture medium by 54 ± 21% (mPCLS) and 78 ± 35% (chPCLS). Furthermore, NRG effectively inhibited IL-1β and TNF-α in mPCLS and IL-1β in chPCLS on both gene and protein levels. AA specifically reduced COL1A1 and PCOL1A1 in chPCLS, while ICA selectively downregulated Col1a1 and Acta2 gene expression in mPCLS. This study suggests NRG's potential as an effective antifibrotic agent, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and therapeutic applications in liver fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the repeatability of expiratory flow limitation during incremental exercise in healthy adults.","authors":"Jack R Dunsford, Jasvir K Dhaliwal, Gracie O Grift, Robert Pryce, Paolo B Dominelli, Yannick Molgat-Seon","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70068","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to determine the repeatability of EFL in healthy adults during incremental cycle exercise. We hypothesized that the repeatability of EFL would be \"strong\" when assessed as a binary variable (i.e., absent or present) but \"poor\" when assessed as a continuous variable (i.e., % tidal volume overlap). Thirty-two healthy adults performed spirometry and an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion on two occasions. Standard cardiorespiratory variables were measured at rest and throughout exercise, and EFL was assessed by overlaying tidal expiratory flow-volume and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. The repeatability of EFL was determined using Cohen's κ for binary assessments of EFL and intraclass correlation (ICC) for continuous measures of EFL. During exercise, n = 12 participants (38%) experienced EFL. At peak exercise, the repeatability of EFL was \"minimal\" (κ = 0.337, p = 0.145) when assessed as a binary variable and \"poor\" when measured as a continuous variable (ICC = 0.338, p = 0.025). At matched levels of minute ventilation during high-intensity exercise (i.e., >75% of peak oxygen uptake), the repeatability of EFL was \"weak\" when measured as a binary variable (κ = 0.474, p = 0.001) and \"moderate\" when measured as a continuous variable (ICC = 0.603, p < 0.001). Our results highlight the day-to-day variability associated with assessing EFL during exercise in healthy adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submaximal eccentric resistance training increases serial sarcomere number and improves dynamic muscle performance in old rats.","authors":"Avery Hinks, Ethan Vlemmix, Geoffrey A Power","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70036","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The age-related loss of muscle mass is partly accounted for by the loss of sarcomeres in series, contributing to declines in muscle mechanical performance. Resistance training biased to eccentric contractions increases serial sarcomere number (SSN) in young muscle, however, maximal eccentric training in old rats previously did not alter SSN and worsened performance. A submaximal eccentric training stimulus may be more conducive to adaptation for aged muscle. The purpose of this study was to assess whether submaximal eccentric training can increase SSN and improve mechanical function in old rats. Twelve 32-month-old male F344/BN rats completed 4 weeks of submaximal (60% maximum) eccentric plantar-flexion training 3 days/week. Pre- and post-training, we assessed in-vivo maximum isometric torque at a stretched and neutral ankle angle, the passive torque-angle relationship, and the isotonic torque-velocity-power relationship. The soleus and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were harvested for SSN measurements via laser diffraction, with the untrained leg as a control. SSN increased 11% and 8% in the soleus and MG, respectively. Training also shifted optimal torque production towards longer muscle lengths, reduced passive torque 42%, and increased peak isotonic power 23%. Submaximal eccentric training was beneficial for aged muscle adaptations, increasing SSN, reducing muscle passive tension, and improving dynamic contractile performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Going with the flow: New insights regarding flow induced K⁺ secretion in the distal nephron.","authors":"Samia Lasaad, Andrew J Nickerson, Gilles Crambert, Lisa M Satlin, Thomas R Kleyman","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70087","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>K⁺ secretion in the distal nephron has a critical role in K⁺ homeostasis and is the primary route by which K⁺ is lost from the body. Renal K⁺ secretion is enhanced by increases in dietary K⁺ intake and by increases in tubular flow rate in the distal nephron. This review addresses new and important insights regarding the mechanisms underlying flow-induced K⁺ secretion (FIKS). While basal K⁺ secretion in the distal nephron is mediated by renal outer medullary K⁺ (ROMK) channels in principal cells (PCs), FIKS is mediated by large conductance, Ca²⁺/stretch activated K⁺ (BK) channels in intercalated cells (ICs), a distinct cell type. BK channel activation requires an increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i), and both PCs and ICs exhibit increases in [Ca²⁺]_i in response to increases in tubular fluid flow rate, associated with an increase in tubular diameter. PIEZO1, a mechanosensitive, nonselective cation channel, is expressed in the basolateral membranes of PCs and ICs, where it functions as a mechanosensor. The loss of flow-induced [Ca²⁺]_i transients in ICs and BK channel-mediated FIKS in microperfused collecting ducts isolated from mice with IC-specific deletion of Piezo1 in the CCD underscores the importance of PIEZO1 in the renal regulation of K⁺ transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statin suppresses the development of excessive intimal proliferation in a Kawasaki disease mouse model.","authors":"Yusuke Motoji, Ryuji Fukazawa, Ryosuke Matsui, Makoto Watanabe, Yoshiaki Hashimoto, Noriko Nagi-Miura, Tadashi Kitamura, Kagami Miyaji","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kawasaki disease (KD) causes vascular injury and lifelong remodeling. Excessive intimal proliferation has been observed, resulting in coronary artery lesions (CALs). However, the mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling in CAL and statin treatment have not been comprehensively elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of statins on vascular remodeling using a KD mouse model. Candida albicans water-soluble substance (CAWS) was intraperitoneally injected in 5-week-old male apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. They were categorized as follows (n = 4): control, CAWS, CAWS+statin, and late-statin groups. The mice were euthanized at 6 or 10 weeks after injection. Statins (atorvastatin) were initiated after CAWS injection, except for the late-statin group, for which statins were internally administered 6 weeks after injection. Elastica van Gieson staining and immunostaining were performed for evaluation. Statins substantially suppressed the marked neointimal hyperplasia induced by CAWS. Additionally, CAWS induced TGFβ receptor II and MAC-2 expression around the coronary arteries, which was suppressed by the statins. KD-like vasculitis might promote the formation of aneurysm by destroying elastic laminae and inducing vascular stenosis by neointimal proliferation. The anti-inflammatory effects of statins might inhibit neointimal proliferation. Therefore, statin therapy might be effective in adult patients with KD with CAL by inhibiting vascular remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11489001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic neurophysiological entrainment to behaviorally relevant rhythmic stimuli.","authors":"Manuel Muñoz-Caracuel, Vanesa Muñoz, Francisco J Ruiz-Martínez, Antonio J Vázquez Morejón, Carlos M Gómez","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70079","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physiological oscillations, such as those involved in brain activity, heartbeat, and respiration, display inherent rhythmicity across various timescales. However, adaptive behavior arises from the interaction between these intrinsic rhythms and external environmental cues. In this study, we used multimodal neurophysiological recordings, simultaneously capturing signals from the central and autonomic nervous systems (CNS and ANS), to explore the dynamics of brain and body rhythms in response to rhythmic auditory stimulation across three conditions: baseline (no auditory stimulation), passive auditory processing, and active auditory processing (discrimination task). Our findings demonstrate that active engagement with auditory stimulation synchronizes both CNS and ANS rhythms with the external rhythm, unlike passive and baseline conditions, as evidenced by power spectral density (PSD) and coherence analyses. Importantly, phase angle analysis revealed a consistent alignment across participants between their physiological oscillatory phases at stimulus or response onsets. This alignment was associated with reaction times, suggesting that certain phases of physiological oscillations are spontaneously prioritized across individuals due to their adaptive role in sensorimotor behavior. These results highlight the intricate interplay between CNS and ANS rhythms in optimizing sensorimotor responses to environmental demands, suggesting a potential mechanism of embodied predictive processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}