Physiological Reports最新文献

{"title":"Spinal pain prevalence and associated determinants: A population-based study using the National Survey for Wales.","authors":"David C Byfield, Benjamin S Stacey, Hywel T Evans, Ian W Farr, Leon Yandle, Lora Roberts, Teresa Filipponi, Damian M Bailey","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70101","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal pain (SP) remains the leading cause of disability worldwide. The present study aimed to establish a current prevalence of SP and associated determinants in Wales by retrospectively analyzing data from the National Survey for Wales Dataset (NSWD). The NSWD is a large-scale cross-sectional, representative sample of adults across Wales, UK. A univariable and multivariable regression analysis was carried out on self-reported answers to health and well-being questions contained within the NSWD (2016-2020) to determine the strength of association of various determinants and comorbidities related to spinal pain. A total population of 38,954 of adults were included in the analysis. The study population included interview responses of 21,735 females and 17,219 males. The prevalence of SP in Wales was 4.95% (95% CI: 4.74%-5.15%) with a total of 847 males (4.92%, CI: 4.60%-5.24%) and 1082 females (4.98%, CI: 4.69%-5.27%) reporting spinal pain. The age group with the highest prevalence of SP was in the 70+ years age group for both males (5.44%, CI: 4.82%-6.07%) and females (5.95%, CI: 5.37%-6.54%). The strength of association between age and SP reaches its peak at 50-59 years with an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of 3.74 (p = <0.001), that decreases slightly at 60-69 years and 70+ years. For various comorbidities included in the NSWD, significant associations with SP were confirmed for: mental illness (aOR = 1.42, p = <0.001), migraine (aOR = 2.73, p = <0.001), nervous system issues (aOR = 1.61, p = <0.001), arthritis (aOR = 1.30, p = <0.001) and issues with bones/joints/muscles (aOR = 1.93, p = <0.001). For lifestyle factors, associations were confirmed for current smokers (aOR = 1.41, p = <0.001) and ex-smokers (aOR = 1.23, p = 0.003). This study demonstrates a low prevalence of SP in Wales when compared to global estimates and strong associations to a variety of determinants. This still represents a significant societal burden and these findings may help inform public health initiatives to encourage prevention and evidence-based interventional strategies and ultimately, improve the quality of life for those suffering with SP in Wales.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcing the winners of the 10th anniversary year Short Review competition for early career researchers.","authors":"Josephine C Adams","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70102","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Logo for Physiological Reports' 10th anniversary year.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of physiological research: A greater understanding of female master athletes and aging?","authors":"Lorcan S Daly","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70109","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High caliber master athletes provide a valuable model for studying inherent physiological aging and performance capacity, without the confounding factor of physical inactivity. Despite the remarkable achievements of female master athletes, their participation rates remain significantly lower than those of their male counterparts, particularly at more advanced ages. This review examines the biological sex gap in sports participation among master athletes and the subsequent disparity in empirical research, thereafter exploring possible contributing factors. It highlights the importance of studying female master athletes to better understand the aging process and offers recommendations to address current evidence gaps. The need for more comprehensive mechanistic data on highly trained older women, novel cataloguing and analysis of real-world datasets, case studies/series, and longitudinal research are also emphasized. Although analyzing the records of female master athletes as a surrogate to determine age-related physiological and performance changes is a common approach, the process may be hindered by the considerably lower participation rates of women. Therefore, an important step toward bridging these gaps is the longitudinal, integrative study of female athletes engaged in lifelong exercise. Such analyses would improve our understanding of senescence in women and may inform interventions targeting the promotion of physical function in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between mixed venous blood oxygen saturation and pulmonary arterial and venous pressures in patients with heart failure.","authors":"Ryuji Funaki, Kazuo Ogawa, Yuto Mashitani, Takuya Oh, Yusuke Kashiwagi, Toshikazu D Tanaka, Tomohisa Nagoshi, Makoto Kawai, Michihiro Yoshimura","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70128","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent discoveries have identified intrapulmonary bronchopulmonary anastomoses (IBAs) as a relatively common phenomenon forming intrapulmonary right-to-left shunts. This study hypothesizes that IBAs play a significant role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. We aim to investigate the impact of these intrapulmonary right-to-left shunts on pulmonary arterial and venous pressures in heart failure patients, utilizing mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO₂) as a key measurement. This study included 237 patients with heart failure who underwent cardiac catheterization. The relationships between SvO₂ and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were examined using various statistical methods (single regression analysis, partial correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and Bayesian estimation). All statistical methods that we performed showed that SvO₂ was significantly and negatively correlated with both sPAP and PAWP (p < 0.01, respectively). However, SvO₂ did not significantly correlate with LVEDP. These results suggest that a decrease in SvO₂ leads to an increase in PAWP and sPAP, while LVEDP is only passively influenced by PAWP. This phenomenon likely reflects the impact of an intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt caused by IBAs. The decrease in SvO₂ causes an increase in sPAP and may also cause an increase in PAWP via IBAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 22","pages":"e70128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11578653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom clusters and resting cardiovascular autonomic measures in adolescents: From acute concussion to recovery.","authors":"Wenjie Ji, Haley M Chizuk, John J Leddy, Sue A Sisto, Mohammad N Haider","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70114","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sport-related concussion (SRC) is associated with cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. This study examines resting cardiovascular ANS activity in adolescents with SRC compared to controls early post-injury and after clinical recovery, analyzing its correlation with symptom severity and recovery outcomes. Cardiovascular ANS function was evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Symptoms were assessed via the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, and recovery outcomes were categorized by recovery duration. Following acute SRC, no significant differences in HRV, SBPV or BRS were found between SRC and control groups, nor between those with delayed or normal recovery. Post-recovery, SRC participants had higher low frequency (LF) SBPV than controls and their initial assessment. When concussed participants were symptomatic, LF SBPV correlated directly with overall, cognitive, and fatigue symptom severity, while high frequency (HF) HRV inversely correlated with affective symptoms (Spearman's rho: 0.4-0.6). Resting cardiovascular ANS function remains unchanged in adolescent athletes acutely after SRC, suggesting it has limited diagnostic and prognostic potential. Although some correlations between individual symptom domains and ANS activity were observed, they were not significantly different from asymptomatic controls, limiting the ability to interpret these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring gut microbiota during short-term high-fat diet exposure in mice.","authors":"Henry A Paz, Lasya Buddha, Ying Zhong, James D Sikes, Umesh D Wankhade","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70111","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alterations in the gut microbiome have been linked to obesity, with maternal high-fat diet (HF) playing a role in shaping offspring microbiome composition. However, the sex-specific responses to maternal HF diet and the impact of subsequent dietary challenges remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of maternal HF diet on offspring gut microbiota structure and predicted functional profile in response to short-term postnatal HF diet exposure with a focus on sex-specific responses. Female and male offspring of maternal control (C) diet or maternal HF diet were weaned onto C diet or HF diet. Offspring were euthanized at 13 weeks of age and cecal contents were collected for bacterial taxonomic profiling. Maternal HF diet reduced α-diversity, notably in male offspring weaned onto HF diet. Sex-specific differences were observed in the gut microbial composition and predicted functional potential. Furthermore, the influence of maternal diet on bacterial community structure and functional potential varied depending on postnatal diet. Maternal HF diet led to increased relative abundance of Corynebacterium in female offspring and decreased abundance of Akkermansia and Roseburia in male offspring. These findings underscore the sexually dimorphic nature of maternal HF diet effects on gut microbiota composition and function, with implications for developmental programming and metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T cell-expressed Ift88 is required for proper thymocyte differentiation in mice.","authors":"Sarah J Miller, Nancy M Gonzalez, Morgan E Smith, Mandy J Croyle, Bradley K Yoder, Kurt A Zimmerman","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70120","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) is required for the formation of cilia in the thymus and non-ciliary dependent functions including T cell immune synapse formation. To test the role of Ift88 in T cell development, we performed flow cytometry analysis on thymus and spleen tissue isolated from mice lacking Ift88 in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) or T cells. Analyses indicated that TEC Ift88 deletion had no impact on thymic T cell development and minimal impact on splenic T cells. Analysis of T cells in CaggCre^ERT2+Ift88 ^tm1BkymTmG mice indicate that approximately half of DN1 thymocytes are Ift88 deficient 3 weeks post-tamoxifen induction; Ift88 loss did not impact T cell development at the DN2-DN4 stage or the CD4+/CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocyte stage. However, survival of Ift88 deficient T cells was significantly reduced at the single-positive (SP) thymocyte stage, as was the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and kidney. Despite preferential survival of Ift88-proficient cells, the total number of T cells the in spleen and kidney was minimally impacted by Ift88 loss. These data suggest Ift88 is required for differentiation of DP thymocytes into SP thymocytes and that Ift88 proficient T cells can compensate for deficient cells to fill the open niche.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 22","pages":"e70120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollutants as modulators of mitochondrial quality control in cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Kit Neikirk, Chanel Harris, Han Le, Ashton Oliver, Bryanna Shao, Kaihua Liu, Heather K Beasley, Sydney Jamison, Jeanne A Ishimwe, Annet Kirabo, Antentor Hinton","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70118","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is important to understand the effects of environmental factors such as air pollution on mitochondrial structure and function, especially when these changes increase cardiovascular disease risk. Although lifestyle choices directly determine many mitochondrial diseases, increasingly, it is becoming clear that the structure and function of mitochondria may be affected by pollutants found in the atmosphere (e.g., gases, pesticides herbicide aerosols, or microparticles). To date, the role of such agents on mitochondria and the potential impact on cardiovascular fitness is neglected. Here we offer a review of airborne stressors and pollutants, that may contribute to impairments in mitochondrial function and structure to cause heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 22","pages":"e70118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrolytic efficiency of the large intestine microbiota may benefit running speed in French trotters: A pilot study.","authors":"Maximilien Vasseur, Romuald Lepers, Nicolas Langevin, Samy Julliand, Pauline Grimm","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70110","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This pilot study sought to explore the contribution of the large intestine microbiota to energy metabolism and exercise performance through its ability to degrade fibers into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). To investigate this, a correlational study was carried out on athlete horses under the same management conditions. Fecal microbiota diversity and composition, fibrolytic efficiency and SCFAs were analyzed. An incremental running test was carried out to estimate the maximal running speed (MRS) of the horses, and blood samples were taken to measure energy metabolism parameters. MRS was positively correlated with the efficiency of the fecal microbiota in degrading cellulose in vitro (r = 0.51; p = 0.02). The abundance of fibrolytic bacterial taxa was not associated with MRS, but functional inference analysis revealed a positive association between MRS and pathways potentially related to fibrolytic activity (r = 0.54; p = 0.07 and r = 0.56; p = 0.05 for butyrate metabolism and thiamine metabolism, respectively). In contrast, the metabolic pathway of starch degradation appeared negatively associated with MRS (r = -0.55; p = 0.06). The present findings suggest a potential contribution of the large intestine microbiota and dietary fibers digestion to exercise capacity in equine athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hot pants: The emerging field of exercise mimetics, from hospital beds to the international space station.","authors":"Kevin John","doi":"10.14814/phy2.70108","DOIUrl":"10.14814/phy2.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Partaking in regular exercise has vast psychological and physiological benefits. However, factors that promote sedentary lifestyle such as occupational obligations (desk-based work) or underlying health comorbidities can limit adherence to exercise regimes. Considering the current trends in physical inactivity, development of alternate strategies to replicate or mimic the beneficial adaptations associated with regular exercise may become a highly sought after commodity. A relevant and current example of this is the enormous market demand for glucagon-like peptide-1 drugs for the management of obesity and type-2 diabetes. The goal of this short review is to direct attention toward non-pharmaceutical strategies and specifically focuses on the topical application of heat stress to passively improve health. The review highlights important heat-induced adaptations and identifies scope for technological innovations that will allow delivery of heating interventions outside the confinement of laboratory settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20083,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Reports","volume":"12 21","pages":"e70108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}