PharmaNutrition最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the impact of mulberry fruits on metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of current evidence","authors":"Matilde Tornaghi ,&nbsp;Ali Ali Redha ,&nbsp;Mariangela Rondanelli ,&nbsp;Simone Perna","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mulberries are rich in nutrients including a wide range of polyphenols that possess different bioactive properties. This systematic review illustrates mulberry's potential as a promising plant food for mitigating the perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search was conducted on 1st March 2023 in Scopus and PubMed. A total of 15 eligible studies (in vitro and in vivo<em>)</em> studies evaluating the effect of mulberries on metabolic syndrome-related factors such as obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure were included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Predominantly, the studies have centred around its anti-visceral-obesity and lipid-reducing effects. The interventions in these studies spanned 8–12 weeks, employing modest oral doses—ranging from 10 to 800 of mg/kg of body weight per day—of mulberry extracts, powders, or freeze-dried fruits. The favorable effects of mulberry are predominantly ascribed to its rich polyphenolic content, which interacts with diverse metabolic pathways. In terms of its anti-visceral-obesity effect, these polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, exhibit the capacity to modulate fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, enhance mitochondrial function, and attenuate reactive oxygen species accumulation. In vivo, constituents such as resveratrol, rutin, and anthocyanins demonstrate efficacy in inhibiting lipid synthesis, accumulation, and oxidation, leveraging their free radical scavenging ability, while concurrently orchestrating metabolic modulation in tandem with prebiotic agents.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on these data, it can be inferred that the utilization of white mulberry holds greater promise in the management of ailments like hypertension and dyslipidemia. Conversely, black mulberry displays efficacy in addressing diabetes and obesity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221343442300035X/pdfft?md5=b9203f7984fc633eeaa3c077971b7171&pid=1-s2.0-S221343442300035X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of depression and anxiety: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Claudia Regina de Souza ,&nbsp;Raul Edison Luna Lazo ,&nbsp;Felipe Mainka,&nbsp;André Gaspar Zinco,&nbsp;Mariana Mengarda,&nbsp;Aline de Fátima Bonetti,&nbsp;Fábio Seigi Murakami","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Depression and anxiety have several consequences on human health and are the most prevalent </span>mental disorders<span> in the world. The central nervous system<span><span> is known to be affected by the gut microbiota<span>. Therefore, the consumption of probiotics can act as an alternative for the </span></span>treatment of these disorders.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety through an overview of </span>systematic reviews<span> of randomized clinical trials.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until May 2023. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021246244). Efficacy and safety were assessed based on the results of depression and anxiety scale scores, and the adverse events reported. The quality of the studies and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE pro tools respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-one systematic reviews were included. Some studies showed promising results for the use of probiotics in depression treatment. However, the AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that ten studies (47.6%) were rated as \"Moderate,\" four studies (19.0.%) as \"Low,\" and seven studies (33.4%) as \"Critically Low\" in terms of methodological quality. Regarding adverse events, only 5 studies report it. Based on the GRADE pro evaluation the force of recommendation probiotics for depression and anxiety is still strength remains weak.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>More systematic reviews with higher-quality, following meticulously recommended methodological guidelines should be conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics as intervention in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134655848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary medium-chain triglycerides upregulate metabolic gene expression in the gastrocnemius and downregulate expression of muscle-degradation gene in the soleus in aged bromodomain-containing 4+/- heterozygous mice","authors":"Mayu Kimura ,&nbsp;Shiori Ishiyama ,&nbsp;Takashi Ando ,&nbsp;Yuji Tanaka ,&nbsp;Keiko Ozato ,&nbsp;Kazuki Mochizuki","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) positively regulates metabolic gene expression, and <em>Brd4</em>^<em>+/-</em><span> heterozygous mice exhibit leanness and malnutrition-like features. We evaluated gene expression changes, particularly of metabolism and muscle synthesis/degradation, in the skeletal muscles of aged </span><em>Brd4</em>^<em>+/-</em> mice fed a high medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Each organ weight of C57BL/6J male wild-type and <em>Brd4</em>^+/-/C57BL/6J mice were assessed at approximately 100 weeks old. Male <em>Brd4</em>^<em>+/-</em><span><span>/C57BL/6J mice (aged 54–84 weeks) were fed a control or MCT diet for approximately 5 months and mRNA expression changes in the gastrocnemius and soleus were quantified using mRNA </span>microarray analysis and qRT-PCR.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Gastrocnemius and soleus weights decreased markedly in aged <em>Brd4</em>^<em>+/-</em>, compared to wild-type mice; MCT-fed <em>Brd4</em>^<em>+/-</em><span> mice had decreased mesenteric adipose tissue<span> weight but no decrease in gastrocnemius and soleus weights. Metabolic gene expression was downregulated more in the gastrocnemius than in the soleus. Metabolic genes, including glycolytic and citric acid cycle, and </span></span><em>Myh3</em>, mediating regeneration of the skeletal muscle, in gastrocnemius, were upregulated in MCT-diet-fed <em>Brd4</em>^<em>+/-</em>, whereas <em>Murf1</em>, which promotes degradation, was downregulated in soleus.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>An MCT-rich diet altered mRNA expression of metabolic and muscle-regeneration and -degradation genes in the gastrocnemius and soleus of <em>Brd4</em>^<em>+/-</em> mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleic acids and collagen can attenuate ovariectomy-induced degeneration of fibers in the abdominal aortic wall of female rat","authors":"Mayo Higashihara ,&nbsp;Hirona Kugo ,&nbsp;Tomomi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Tomoko Sumi ,&nbsp;Daisuke Shimizu ,&nbsp;Keisuke Kiriyama ,&nbsp;Mica Fujita ,&nbsp;Keita Sutoh ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Moriyama ,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Zaima","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Women are more resistant to the development of cardiovascular diseases compared with men. However, the vascular integrity of elderly women gradually declines, and their incidence is comparable to that of men. The increased risk of cardiovascular diseases is reportedly associated with menopause. The previous studies which show close relationship between menopause and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases suggest that preventive methods must be established to alleviate this unavoidable menopause-induced vascular degeneration. Functional food factors can be effective for prevention of degeneration of the vascular wall in women. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dietary </span>nucleic acids<span> and collagen on vascular degeneration after ovariectomy (OVX).</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into 4 groups according to condition: sham-placebo drink, sham-sample drink, OVX-placebo drink, and OVX-sample drink. The sample drink and placebo drink were administered orally until autopsy, respectively. One week later, sham-treatment or OVX was performed, and 7 weeks later, tissues were collected for pathological analysis by staining.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>OVX-induced degenerations of vascular fibers, degradation of elastic fiber and denature of collagen, were suppressed in the rats which were administrated nucleic acids and collagen. OVX induced increases of </span>neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9. The increased neutrophil elastase and MMPs were decreased by administration of nucleic acids and collagen. Nucleic acids and collagen suppressed infiltration of macrophages and dysfunction of </span>vascular smooth muscles cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest that nucleic acids and collagen prevent vascular inflammation which results in degeneration of the vascular wall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92024867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketone bodies inhibit mast cell degradation and protect against anaphylaxis","authors":"Akira Sato ,&nbsp;Hina Nemoto ,&nbsp;Tsukasa Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Makoto Ohira","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Ketone bodies<span> play critical roles in organismal energy homeostasis<span>; however, their effects on various diseases remain unknown. We investigated the effects of two ketone bodies, </span></span></span><em>β</em>-hydroxybutyric acid (<em>β</em><span>-HB) and acetoacetic acid (AcAc), on type I hypersensitivity </span><em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The effects of <em>β</em>-HB and AcAc on mast cell degradation, as monitored by <em>β</em><span><span>-hexosaminidase release in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, and hypothermic </span>anaphylaxis<span>, a potentially deadly allergic reaction, were evaluated in an anaphylactic mouse model.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both <em>β</em>-HB and AcAc inhibited <em>β</em>-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AcAc were greater than those of <em>β</em>-HB. The inhibitory effects of <em>β</em><span>-HB and AcAc were significantly attenuated in the presence of a GPR109A receptor antagonist<span> mepenzolate bromide and GPR43A antagonist GLPG0974. </span></span><em>β</em><span>-HB and AcAc did not affect the viability of RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations below 100 µmol/L. In an anaphylactic mouse model, the intraperitoneal injection of AcAc (1 µmol/mouse) inhibited anaphylactic hypothermia, whereas the injection of </span><em>β</em>-HB (1–10 µmol/mouse) did not.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest that <em>β</em>-HB and AcAc, especially AcAc, are effective in type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, by inhibiting mast cell degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Ahmed Abu-Zaid ,&nbsp;Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alyousef ,&nbsp;Saeed Baradwan ,&nbsp;Naif Bin Muaythir ,&nbsp;Yasir Almudaymigh ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abuzaid ,&nbsp;Saleh A.K. Saleh ,&nbsp;Heba M. Adly ,&nbsp;Osama Alomar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Polycystic ovary syndrome<span> (PCOS) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring mineral trace element that constitutes an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a vital role in antioxidant defense. This </span></span>systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors </span>in patients with PCOS.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials<span>, Web of Science, and Scopus<span> databases were searched up to March 2023 for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of oral selenium supplementation on patients with PCOS. We employed a random-effects model to generate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Seven trials published between 2015 and 2022 were included. All the included studies were double blind, placebo-controlled trials. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in VLDL<span><span><span> (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.65; −0.05), MDA (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.21; −0.57) and hs-CRP (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.73; −0.03), as well as a significant increase in </span>QUICKI (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.47; 1.09). The current meta-analysis did not find any significant changes in </span>FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, </span></span>TC<span><span>, TG<span>, HDL, </span></span>LDL<span><span><span>, TAC, GSH, </span>NO, </span>SHBG<span>, total testosterone, or mFG score for PCOS patients following selenium supplementation compared to placebo.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span><span>Selenium supplementation may serve as a good adjunct therapy in patients with PCOS to decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammatory status. Moreover, selenium may improve </span>insulin sensitivity in these patients. However, the overall effects of selenium on all cardiometabolic risk factors in PCOS patients still need to be evaluated through large population and long duration </span>RCTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitaya (Hylocereus lemairei) extracts avoid mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-kβ/NLRP-3-mediated inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose and are in vivo safe","authors":"Karina Z. Lodi ,&nbsp;Carina Cassini ,&nbsp;Fernando J. Scariot ,&nbsp;Sergio Echeverrigaray ,&nbsp;Sidnei M. Silva ,&nbsp;Alencar K. Machado ,&nbsp;Lauren Pappis ,&nbsp;Raquel Bridi ,&nbsp;Scheila A. Silva ,&nbsp;Luciana B. Touguinha ,&nbsp;Mirian Salvador ,&nbsp;Catia S. Branco","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pitaya has gained popularity as a dietary alternative for diabetics. However, the precise molecular basis and biochemical effects are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate pitaya influence in endothelial cells<span> under high glucose, mimicking hyperglycemia.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>EA.hy926 cells were treated with 1 µg/mL of extract for 24 h with 35 mM of glucose (HG) and/or metformin (MET; 0.5 mM). It was analyzed cell viability/proliferation, </span>apoptosis<span><span>, ΔΨm, and pHi. Markers of aerobic (NADH and succinate dehydrogenase<span>, and ATP synthase) and anaerobic (LDH) glycolysis were evaluated, as well as NO levels, NF-kβ, and </span></span>NLRP3 expressions. To determine </span></span><em>in vivo</em><span> safety, acute toxicity in </span><span><em>A. </em><em>salina</em></span><span> was conducted (0.5–65 mg/mL). Chemical characterization was performed by HPLC.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span><span>HG negatively impacted cell viability and proliferation. Cells presented high levels of extracellular </span>LDH<span> and NO, as well as an increment on NADH, and succinate dehydrogenase activities, and ATP production. Cytometry revealed an increase in </span></span>ROS levels, apoptosis, and changes in pHi and ΔΨm, accompanied by an increase in NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. These alterations were partially (extract </span><em>per se</em> pulp and/or associated with MET) or totally (extract <em>per se</em><span><span> peel and/or MET associated) reversed. No toxicity for peel extract at concentrations until 65 mg/mL was found. HPLC revealed quercetin and </span>kaempferol in both extracts.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Data indicate that pitaya peel extract is safe and, according to a Principal Component Analysis, can be used as a co-therapeutic strategy to minimize oxidative damage and inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the possibility of a proprietary black cumin oil extract as a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist in restoring stress-sleep balance on stress-induced sleep deprived animals","authors":"Saneha OR ,&nbsp;Priya Krishna ,&nbsp;Syam Das S ,&nbsp;Krishnakumar IM ,&nbsp;Litty Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Orexins<span><span> act as a molecular switch for the release of cortisol/corticosterone in response to a stress stimulus and hence to regulate sleep/wake cycle. Orexin agonism during the day promotes wakefulness, and Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORA) can promote sleep signals by enhancing </span>melatonin, which is an inhibitor of orexin. It was reported that a proprietary </span></span>black cumin (</span><em>Nigella sativa</em>) oil (BCO-5) alleviated stress and improved sleep quality. The present study investigated the mechanism of action of BCO-5 using stress-induced and sleep-deprived model of rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adult <em>Sprague Dawley</em><span> rats (n = 24) were randomised into 4 groups (Group I – Sham; Group II – Stress-induced group; Group III – BCO-5 treated normal animals; Group IV – Stress + BCO-5 (20 mg/kg b. wt.) for 14 days and monitored the behaviour and biochemical markers.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The co-supplementation of BCO-5 significantly decreased the body weight, locomotor activity, rearing and grooming frequencies among Group IV animals significantly compared to Group II. The observed behaviour was also correlated with the significant decrease in orexin, corticosterone and c-fos expression levels, while an increase was observed in melatonin concentration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results support the plausible role of BCO-5 as a DORA to manage stress and improve sleep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation with kefir improves metabolism and liver inflammation in malnourished mice","authors":"Fabio Ribeiro dos Santos ,&nbsp;Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior ,&nbsp;Antônio Sérgio Barcala-Jorge ,&nbsp;André Luiz Sena Guimarães ,&nbsp;Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula ,&nbsp;Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Malnutrition causes several changes in body composition and physiological liver function and is commonly related to systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits, and metabolic changes. </span>Kefir<span> is a symbiotic association of yeast and bacteria fermenting milk, used as food supplementation, and is now recognized for its beneficial health properties. In this context, the present study aims to verify the effects promoted by Kefir supplementation in a model of mice malnutrition, evaluating its metabolic effects and liver modulation.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span><span>Male Swiss mice were divided into four groups with 8 animals each. After the adaptation period, the animals were subjected to two phases of </span>treatment<span>: the caloric restriction<span> phase to promote malnutrition and the renutrition phase. A calorie restriction of 20 % compared to the control group was adopted. Metabolic profile, adipose tissue, liver, biochemical parameters, and gene expression of </span></span></span>CAT and </span>SOD were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The main findings demonstrate an improvement in body weight and biochemical parameters followed by a greater recovery of adipocyte area in the (FR + Kefir) group when compared to the malnourished (FR) group. The data showed an increase in the expression of genes associated with </span>oxidative stress suppression such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the groups supplemented with kefir.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Oral supplementation was able to increase body weight recovery, and adiposity, enabling improvements in metabolism and reducing liver inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in nutrition, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States from 1900 onwards","authors":"Cato Wiegers,&nbsp;Linda H.M. van de Burgwal,&nbsp;Eric Claassen,&nbsp;Olaf F.A. Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The growing ‘epidemic’ of metabolic disease may be a consequence of a typical Western lifestyle, consisting of excessive fat and sugar intake and a lack of physical exercise. Some animal studies have provided insights into the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and obesity and the influence of dietary composition, however there are still unclarities regarding the effects of diet and lifestyle factors on the development of metabolic disease in humans.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we investigated long-term trends in diet, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States. Data on the included variables was collected from published literature as well as publicly available data, covering as many years as possible from 1900 onwards.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that intake of all macronutrients and added sugar has increased but has started to plateau or decrease in more recent years. Exercise, urbanization, and life expectancy have also risen. However, besides some evidence of urbanization and life expectancy correlating with metabolic disease prevalence, we did not see a clear association between most of the dietary factors and the steeply rising prevalence of metabolic disease.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We propose that to gain traction on the issue of metabolic disease in our current society, it is necessary to continue research into (new aspects of) our diet, and to include other (external) factors. These may be related to the gut microbiota, including antibiotics use and epigenetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}