THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS最新文献

{"title":"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A DRIVER OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BUSINESS","authors":"I. Yevsieieva-Severyna, N. Skopenko","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.45.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.45.7","url":null,"abstract":"A key success factor of modern companies is the timely restructuring of business processes, taking into account the penetration of digital technologies in all spheres of society. Nowadays, the challenges have accelerated the implementation of modern business concepts. Continual improvements become the vital step in competitive market. Digitalization has become an unavoidable reality for companies. The article investigates the meaning of the terms \"digitization\", \"digitalization\" and \"digital transformation\". It is proved that digitalization provides companies with competitive advantages in all areas of activity, which is reflected in the optimization of production processes, costs minimization, decreasing errors, increasing speed of delivery, boosting the quality of finished products (services), improving the control of the company’s data and processes, increasing the effectiveness of communication. Examples of companies that use digital technologies and the results of their implementation in business processes are given. The results of survey confirm the positive effects of digitalization of business. Three main types of artificial intelligence are distinguished: artificial narrow intelligence, general artificial intelligence, artificial superintelligence and the differences of each are outlined. The benefits and the main threats of artificial intelligence are revealed. The global artificial intelligence industry is expected to grow from $59.7 billion in 2021 to $422.4 billion by 2028, according to Zion Market Research. The 2020 McKinsey Global Survey on Artificial Intelligence (AI) confirms that 50% of companies have reported using AI in at least one business function. The experience of the world’s largest companies in the implementation of various artificial intelligence tools in operational activities is presented. It is emphasized that artificial intelligence contributes to business development and global economic activity. The growth of key performance indicators after the implementation of artificial intelligence in the business processes of companies is presented.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114861771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition and Factors Contributing to the Development of Workforce Potential in Ukraine","authors":"I. Sakharuk, A. Magomedova","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2019.38.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2019.38.7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the definition of workforce potential. Workforce potential is a complex category, which is influenced by the environment of its formation.Given the complexity of the phenomenon, the category of workforce potential has been studied predominantly from the economic and legal perspectives. In the paper, the category \"workforce potential\" is studied from the standpoint of three main areas, namely, as a category characterized by a set of qualitative indicators; a category characterized by a set of quantitative indicators; complex socio-economic category Research emphasized that the concept of \" workforce potential\" is often associated with the category of \" labour resources\". It is determined that the category \"workforce potential\" is wider than \" labour resources\", because it includes not only the population of economically active population of the country, but also its qualitative characteristics, which determine the ability to effectively provide their right to work. The category \" labour resources\" defines only the situation in the state in the current period of time, while \"workforce potential\" includes \" labour resources of the future\", rather allows to predict the amount of labour resources of the country over a certain period of time, taking into account the demographic and economic situation, the state of compliance labour rights, educational development, etc.\u0000\u0000The paper suggests that the key factors that affect the development of workforce potential of Ukraine include: social and economic protection of workers, including unemployment rate, remuneration level, work-related injuries, shadow employment; education and training at higher and vocational levels, the match between the graduates’ knowledge and skills and the employer’s requirements and expectations; demographics, including birth and mortality rates, and life expectancy; level of external migration for employment and educational purpose; public health and health care.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132499855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INCLUSIVE APPROACH TO INCREASE THE HUMAN CAPITAL COMPETITIVENESS UNDER THE MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY","authors":"O.V. Krasota","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.44.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.44.19","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the growing role of human capital in the modern world, as well as its huge potential for the economic development of various national economies, including the economy of Ukraine. It is emphasized that in the modern post-industrial society, the importance of financial capital is increasingly replaced by the importance of human capital. The role of human capital is growing in conditions of disruption of macroeconomic stability. Different approaches to determining the essence of human capital are considered. The article offers a proper interpretation of human capital as a set of knowledge, abilities, skills and competencies that are inherent to individuals and that contribute to the increase of personal and social well-being. It is emphasized that a person is the basis of human capital. It is a person can accumulate knowledge, skills and experience, therefore all characteristics of human capital directly or indirectly determine the state of a person. The article proposes to consider human capital from the point of view of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Demographic trends and migration processes are defined as the main quantitative characteristics of human capital, and education and science, economic activity, health status are defined as qualitative characteristics. It was found that as a result of the full-scale war of the russian federation against Ukraine and the disruption of macroeconomic stability, the quantity and quality of human capital underwent certain changes. Negative demographic trends of human capital and negative dynamics of the main indicators of economic activity are determined. The dynamics and nature of migration processes have changed. It is noted that despite the high indicators of the cult of higher education, there are certain difficulties in this field, as well as in the field of health care. In order to increase the competitiveness of human capital, it is proposed to apply an inclusive approach to it, in particular in the field of education, in the field of labor and/or entrepreneurial activity, and in the field of health care.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133154276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIGITALIZATION AMPFLIFICATION EFFECT ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC STABILITY","authors":"S. Parubets","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.45.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.45.4","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of the digital economy is considered, as such, which can be characterized by activities related to the creation, dissemination, and use of digital technologies and related products and services. Today, digitalization is essentially implemented to encourage the development of ICT, promoting the informational openness of society, and providing the necessary opportunities for access to services and information offered by ICT. The study of domestic and foreign literature demonstrates the existence of an objective connection between the digital economy and the traditional economy. The advantages of the digital economy are fast ordering and delivery of the required product or service, lower prices for the end consumer due to the elimination of intermediaries, and a simpler process of selecting suppliers and customers. According to studies, digitalization provides incremental economic growth: countries that are at the most advanced stage of digitalization receive 20 percent more economic benefits than countries that are in the initial stage. Digitization has a proven impact on reducing unemployment, improving the quality of life, and increasing citizens' access to public services. During the pandemic, consumers have shifted dramatically to online channels, and accordingly, companies and industries have actively responded to these systemic changes. Statistics also confirm the rapid shift to customer engagement through digital channels. Accordingly, digital technologies have the potential to drive more inclusive and sustainable growth by driving innovation, increasing efficiency, and improving services. They are also an important tool to help countries confront and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital technologies are used to stabilize socio-economic processes in the conditions of modern global challenges - high inflation, energy, and food crisis, and negative consequences of Russian military aggression in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128993448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSFORMATION OF THE UKRAINE'S ECONOMY STRUCTURE IN WAR CONDITIONS","authors":"I. Shovkun","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.44.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.44.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines as a war, that undermined the economic security of the country, at the same time is deforming the structure of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to study the factors of structural deformation of the economy during the war; to analyze export specialization and the structure of the national economy; to consider the prospects for the development of long production chains as a prerequisite for structural progress. The factors of this deformation have been summarized, namely, the people death, their deportation by the aggressor; complete or partial shutdown of most enterprises; huge losses of key production factors (physical capital, labor, land); disruption of product supply and sales chains; limiting the availability of necessary production resources; loss of jobs and drop in income; market imbalance; destabilization of foreign trade. The composition of the export basket has been analyzed as a reflection of the national economy structure; and the dominance of raw materials and products with a low degree of processing in the export have been shown. Tendencies to narrowing of the variety of industrial activity types and products assortment have been revealed, which indicates the simplification of the national economy and the weakness of its innovative potential. The results of econometric modeling show that the density of inter-industry connections in the economics of the country is low, and the development of value chains is insufficient. The need to improve the structure of the economy through the creation of long production chains (which should combine the agricultural sector with the processing and service sectors) in order to increase the productivity and the growth rates of the economy has been substantiated.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131813926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOFT SKILLS AS THE BASIS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES","authors":"O. Grishnova, O. Zhuk","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2021.43.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.43.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the essence of enterprise competitiveness as well as the factors that form it. The purpose of the article is to explore the essence of the concept of \"soft skills\" as an integral part of the development of social capital of employees to ensure the efficiency of enterprises as well as their impact on the competitiveness of enterprises in Ukraine. The role of \"soft skills\" and social capital in supporting and improving the efficiency of the enterprise and creating its competitive advantages is especially emphasized. Based on the analysis, it is emphasized that the formation and development of \"soft, flexible\" staff skills is one of the priorities of modern companies. The analysis confirmed the importance of \"soft skills\" in the formation of social capital and competitiveness of the enterpris, as well as helped to identify trends in \"soft skills\" in today's world. The results showed that the most necessary \"soft skill\" for an employee in the company in today's challenges is to take responsibility. Communication skills, organization, attentiveness, resilience and self-control also play an important role. It is established that these skills form individual social capital of employees, help to find the first job and successfully develop it. It is important that namely these skills form the basis of corporate social capital, help maintain the team and strengthen the resilience of the enterprise in today's challenges. These skills in combination with high professionalism will be able to lead the company to the peak of efficiency and sustainability. Based on the author's sociological survey, the main competencies that need to be developed to achieve competitiveness in the market are identified. According to the results of the research, main directions and priorities of soft skills development were identified and systematized at 4 levels: personal (individual, family), microeconomic (enterprise), macroeconomic (country, state) and megaeconomic (world community). The connection between all levels and their positive impact not only on competitiveness, but also much more broadly on the well-being of the individual, the stability of the organization and the wealth of society as a whole.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132893432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership through the lens of managerial qualities","authors":"A. Shegda, I. Zapuhlyak, T. Onysenko","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2019.38.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2019.38.3","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of such phenomena and processes as production, enterprise, management, as well as their creators, or those who perform them, personifies, namely: staff, managers, owners cannot exist in reality outside of individual and social production. In this case, the production of not only material goods, but also material goods is understood. Accordingly, the need as such can also be met differently and to varying degrees, depending on the quality, the level of development of those factors of production that are used in the enterprise through effective management.\u0000\u0000Currently, the main trends of effective leadership phenomenon associated with the transition from command to sole leadership, leadership from the vertical to the virtual and latent, tight localization of its leader to free movement.\u0000\u0000In this case, the article examines the vision of scientists on the composition and peculiarities of formation of leadership qualities of a manager in modern conditions in order to ensure effective management of the enterprise. Also, the analysis of effective leadership initiatives at the organizational environment level in turbulent economic conditions is conducted.\u0000\u0000However, given the pace of development of modern society in general, and economic relations in particular, we consider it necessary to express the view that an effective leader does not necessarily have stable qualities that differentiate him from other people. After all, what is required of a leader can very often depend on the circumstances. It's corny, but it's true. History knows many leaders who have found their time and place, whose qualities have lost their appeal as the situation has changed. Yes, some uncompromising managers who have been able to overcome managerial crises are not capable of being effective leaders in other circumstances. And their more flexible counterparts adapt to changing priorities and lead their people. Currently, the main trends in the development of the phenomenon of effective leadership are related to the transition from single to team leadership, from vertical leadership to virtual and latent, from rigid localization of the leader to his free movement","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130020237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF STOCK INVENTORY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE OF MARTIAL","authors":"L. Gutsalenko, A. Chukhlib, A. Datsenko","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.44.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.44.15","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the stock inventory process and its results in economic entities under martial law. In the process of research, the following methods of knowledge were used: review - to substantiate the legal framework regarding the peculiarities of conducting an inventory of production stocks in the conditions of martial law; assessment - to systematize approaches to recording the facts of damage and destruction of stocks of economic entities; systematic approach - to substantiate the peculiarities of stock assessment identified by the results of the inventory and display them in the accounting. The article outlines the consequences of military actions on the economy of Ukraine. The place of stocks in the production process of business entities is determined. The economic content outlined by the national provisions of the accounting standards and their loss of significance of recognition as assets are indicated. An author's approach to distinguishing the features of the stock inventory process in wartime conditions has been developed. Existing, damaged and destroyed stocks that are subject to revaluation (mark-down) are singled out. The sequence of stock valuation and their legal registration is outlined. The procedure for collecting evidence on the assignment of material damage as a result of military actions specified in the Methodological recommendations developed by the Institute of Agrarian Economics is defined. Features of recording evidence of damages are outlined and the procedure for documenting them is indicated. Attention is focused on the change in the value of stocks and the peculiarities of its reflection in accounting are specified, with the indication of the norms of the current national provisions of accounting standards. According to the results of the conducted research, conclusions were formed, which indicated that the control function of accounting in the conditions of martial law is gaining more and more important and is implemented through the inventory process.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134349547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIAL SECURITY: ESSENCE, COMPONENTS, FACTORS, MEANING IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES","authors":"V. D. Polishchuk","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2022.45.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2022.45.15","url":null,"abstract":"The war in Ukraine created an extremely difficult situation in both the political, social and economic spheres. The problem of human security has become extremely urgent. Ensuring the economic security of the state is impossible without choosing and implementing the right strategy of socio-economic development. The article examines social security as a component of Ukraine's national security; the threats occurring in the socio-economic sphere were identified, in particular, a significant reduction in GDP, a decrease in investment activity, the weakening of state institutions in the field of economy and fiscal policy, mainly the commodity nature of the economy, high debt dependence of the state, a drop in population incomes, and an increase in the share of the informal economy. An assessment of the current and forecast levels of poverty in Ukraine was carried out; a general review of changes in indicators of the socio-economic sphere was carried out. current, identified factors of the decline of the demographic situation under the conditions of military invasion: decrease in birth rate, increase in mortality, internal and external migration, absence or absence of vital medicines and services. It was established that in the conditions of war, the level of satisfaction of basic human needs qualitatively decreases sharply, which is caused by a decrease in basic economic indicators, the part of the population that does not want to declare their work increases, the number of available workers decreases due to mobilization and migration; the organization of labor relations in the conditions of martial law (recruitment, dismissal, regime, vacations, etc.) becomes more difficult; ensuring safe working conditions, especially in a war zone, is extremely difficult. Proposed ways of reducing the threat to social security, in particular by intensifying the actions of the authorities in the process of solving social issues.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114466206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDYING OF TRANSPORT SERVICES CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION","authors":"Z. Dvulit, O. Mykytiuk, L. Maznyk","doi":"10.17721/tppe.2021.43.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.43.8","url":null,"abstract":"The study used digital tools to assess the loyalty of consumers of transport services, which allowed determining the feasibility of introducing additional services in the field of rail transport in Ukraine. Such services will help improve the quality of transport services and the level of loyalty of potential consumers in today's competitive environment. Based on the study, the influence of the degree of consumer loyalty on the technological and organizational aspects of the railway industry and their business processes is substantiated. A model of multidimensional analysis of the attractiveness of transport services based on the study of the structure of consumers on various grounds (age, place of residence, Internet access, and social status) has been developed. The degree of satisfaction with the quality of such a service for individual consumer groups was modeled. Functional attributes for adaptation to introducing the latest information technologies and digital tools for positioning transport companies in the competition for customers are identified. The study of consumer preferences, which was based on modeling the attractiveness of transport services, namely rail transport, allowed substantiating the key factors of consumer choice of travel or travelling depending on the development of digital technologies. The analysis of the survey results allowed applying quantitative methods to the classification and grouping of consumer purchasing behavior to identify new and latent qualities of such behavior. The study showed that for online travel services and the ability to use mobile applications to book and pay for travel by rail, there is a need to constantly use and improve these services as one-dimensional functions to maximize service quality. The development of such functions needs to pay attention to within the policy of product improvement and to increase the competitive advantages of passenger transportation by rail.","PeriodicalId":200033,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123993929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}