宏观经济不稳定下提高人力资本竞争力的包容性途径

O.V. Krasota
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摘要

这篇文章定义了人力资本在现代世界中日益增长的作用,以及它对包括乌克兰经济在内的各国经济发展的巨大潜力。强调在现代后工业社会中,金融资本的重要性日益被人力资本的重要性所取代。在宏观经济稳定受到破坏的情况下,人力资本的作用越来越大。本文考虑了确定人力资本本质的不同方法。这篇文章对人力资本进行了恰当的解释,认为它是一套个人固有的知识、能力、技能和胜任力,有助于提高个人和社会福祉。强调人是人力资本的基础。它是一个人可以积累的知识、技能和经验,因此人力资本的所有特征直接或间接地决定了一个人的状态。本文建议从人力资本的数量特征和质量特征两个角度来考虑人力资本。人口趋势和移徙过程被定义为人力资本的主要数量特征,教育和科学、经济活动、健康状况被定义为质量特征。人们发现,由于俄罗斯联邦对乌克兰的全面战争和宏观经济稳定的破坏,人力资本的数量和质量发生了某些变化。人力资本的负人口趋势和经济活动主要指标的负动态是确定的。迁移过程的动力和性质发生了变化。委员会注意到,尽管高等教育崇拜的指标很高,但在这一领域以及在保健领域仍存在某些困难。为了提高人力资本的竞争力,建议对人力资本采取包容性办法,特别是在教育领域、劳动和(或)创业活动领域以及保健领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
INCLUSIVE APPROACH TO INCREASE THE HUMAN CAPITAL COMPETITIVENESS UNDER THE MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY
The article defines the growing role of human capital in the modern world, as well as its huge potential for the economic development of various national economies, including the economy of Ukraine. It is emphasized that in the modern post-industrial society, the importance of financial capital is increasingly replaced by the importance of human capital. The role of human capital is growing in conditions of disruption of macroeconomic stability. Different approaches to determining the essence of human capital are considered. The article offers a proper interpretation of human capital as a set of knowledge, abilities, skills and competencies that are inherent to individuals and that contribute to the increase of personal and social well-being. It is emphasized that a person is the basis of human capital. It is a person can accumulate knowledge, skills and experience, therefore all characteristics of human capital directly or indirectly determine the state of a person. The article proposes to consider human capital from the point of view of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Demographic trends and migration processes are defined as the main quantitative characteristics of human capital, and education and science, economic activity, health status are defined as qualitative characteristics. It was found that as a result of the full-scale war of the russian federation against Ukraine and the disruption of macroeconomic stability, the quantity and quality of human capital underwent certain changes. Negative demographic trends of human capital and negative dynamics of the main indicators of economic activity are determined. The dynamics and nature of migration processes have changed. It is noted that despite the high indicators of the cult of higher education, there are certain difficulties in this field, as well as in the field of health care. In order to increase the competitiveness of human capital, it is proposed to apply an inclusive approach to it, in particular in the field of education, in the field of labor and/or entrepreneurial activity, and in the field of health care.
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