Pediatric Pulmonology最新文献

{"title":"Management implications of latent TB among under-five children at risk: Insights from a community study in Mumbai, India.","authors":"Suchitra Surve, Vikrant Bhor, Venkateshwaran Gounder, Kiran Munne, Shahina Begum, Kajal Naukariya, Mangala Gomare, Varsha Puri, Pranita Tipre, Narendra Sutar, Ajay Dhawale, Rohan Naik, Akanksha Jaiswal, Gauri Bhonde, Madhuri Shikhare, Rakesh Kamble, Rachna Dalvi, Sharmila Kamat, Varsha Tryambake, Sanjay Chauhan, Ira Shah","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.27336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management is crucial to WHO's End TB Strategy. Indian guidelines recommend treating under-five children with household TB contacts after ruling out active TB, regardless of TBI testing. However, the precise LTBI burden among children in high TB burden settings like India is unknown. A community-based study in Mumbai's urban slums screened and managed under-five children at LTBI risk to understand its epidemiology and inform TB control interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total 369 eligible under-five children were enrolled for the study. LTBI screening was done using Tuberculin skin test and Interferon gamma release assay. Active TB was ruled out before initiation of TB preventive therapy among LTBI positives. Statistical tests like chi-square, logistic regression analysis and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, LTBI prevalence among under-five children was 12.4% by IGRA and 21.4% by TST. Undernourished children had significantly lower LTBI positivity by IGRA (p = 0.027), while those with household contacts, longer contact duration and drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) exhibited proportionally greater IGRA positivity (p = <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a lower LTBI prevalence among under-five children compared to adults, with key risk factors being HHC, DR-TB contact, and prolonged exposure. These findings suggest the need to revise or revisit the TPT framework for this age group in India, particularly by implementing a test-and-treat approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":" ","pages":"e27336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time MRI of the Chest Wall, Diaphragm, and Lungs in Children.","authors":"Franz Wolfgang Hirsch, Ina Sorge, Christian Roth, Rebecca Anders, Jens Frahm, Dirk Voit, Freerk Prenzel, Martin Lacher, Daniel Gräfe","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical applicability and diagnostic potential of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) as a sedation-free, radiation-free imaging modality for assessing the chest wall, diaphragm, and lungs in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This video-based narrative review summarizes over four years of clinical experience with rtMRI in pediatric thoracic imaging. Real-time MRI achieves very high frame rates (up to 50 images per second), effectively minimizing motion artifacts. Representative clinical scenarios-including pneumonia, chest wall tumors, diaphragmatic dysfunction, airway anomalies, and congenital lung malformations-are presented to illustrate the diagnostic capabilities and limitations of rtMRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Real-time MRI enables reliable imaging of thoracic structures in awake and uncooperative children, minimizing motion artifacts and thus eliminating the need for sedation. It provides diagnostic information on conditions such as pneumonia, abscesses, effusions, and neoplastic lesions, using two basic MR contrasts. Diaphragmatic motion and large airway morphology are clearly visualized. Limitations include reduced sensitivity for detecting interstitial lung disease and small pulmonary metastases. Complete thoracic examinations can be performed within 4 minutes, supporting rapid triage and potentially obviating the need for CT or sedated MRI in selected cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-time MRI is a promising, child-friendly alternative for thoracic imaging in pediatrics, particularly for evaluating chest wall abnormalities, diaphragmatic disorders, and pneumonia-related complications. Broader adoption and vendor-independent implementation may help establish rtMRI as a routine modality in pediatric chest imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 6","pages":"e71133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Permissive Hypercapnia for Mechanically Ventilated Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Colm P Travers, Samuel J Gentle, Vivek V Shukla, Inmaculada Aban, Aaron J Yee, Kimberly M Armstead, Rachel L Benz, Deborah Laney, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Waldemar A Carlo","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71165","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if targeting higher levels of pH-controlled permissive hypercapnia beyond postnatal day 7-14 reduces mechanical ventilation duration in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center randomized clinical trial with a 1:1 parallel allocation including infants from 22-36 weeks' gestation mechanically ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome on postnatal day 7-14. We targeted higher levels of pH-controlled permissive hypercapnia (60-75 mmHg and pH ≥ 7.20) or lower levels of pH-controlled permissive hypercapnia (40-55 mmHg and pH ≥ 7.25) for 28 days after randomization. The primary outcome was the number of days alive and ventilator-free in the 28 days after randomization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 130 infants with a gestational age (mean ± SD) of 24 weeks and 5 days ± 2 weeks and 0 days and birth weight of 657 ± 198 grams from December 2015 to May 2021. Infants randomized to higher levels of pH-controlled permissive hypercapnia had more alive ventilator-free days than infants randomized to lower levels of pH-controlled permissive hypercapnia (11 ± 10 vs. 6 ± 8; p = 0.009). Grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death before discharge was not significantly lower in the higher carbon dioxide (PCO₂) group (30/62 (44%) vs. 45/68 (59%); adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.54, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.27-1.08; p = 0.08). Grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia among survivors at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age did not differ significantly (higher PCO₂ 19/53 (35%) vs. lower PCO₂ 28/53 (50%); aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.27-1.13; p = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Targeting higher levels of permissive hypercapnia from postnatal day 7-14 increased the number of days alive and ventilator-free and may be lung protective compared with targeting lower levels.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier number NCT02799875). The first infant was enrolled in December 2015 and the trial was not registered until June 2016. The authors confirm that there were no changes made to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved trial protocol (dated 10/20/2015) or any amendments made after recruitment started, between the date of first enrollment and the date of clinicaltrials.gov registration, or between study commencement and completion. Furthermore, the authors confirm that the data were not unblinded until after the last infant had been enrolled (March 2021) and discharged from the hospital (August 2021). Study Details | Late Permissive Hypercapnia for Intubated and Ventilated Preterm Infants | ClinicalTrials.gov.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 6","pages":"e71165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Pulmonary Sequelae 5-14 Years After Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis in Early Childhood.","authors":"Jan Hermann, Karen Brückner, Cordula Koerner-Rettberg, Stefanie Dillenhöfer, Folke Brinkmann, Christoph Maier, Christoph M Heyer, Anne Schlegtendal","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is little information about long-term changes in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) many years after protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), the most common cause of chronic wet cough in early childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 200 consecutively recruited children with a previously proven diagnosis of PBB 62 (12.2 years, female 48%) were interviewed after 7.7 (5.4-14.7) years about their previous and current symptoms and pulmonary function tests (PFTs: spirometry, body plethysmography, nitrogen multi-breath washout, exhaled nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide) were performed. Children with persistent symptoms were offered lung imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>11 (17.7%) patients suffered from chronic or recurring wet cough years after their first PBB episode. 15 (24.19%) had at least one abnormal spirometry parameter. FEV1 was abnormal in eight of 62 (12.9%), LCI 2.5% in seven of 56 (12.5%), FVC in 12 of 62 (19.35%) and FEV1/FVC in five of 62 (8.06%) cases. PFT did not differ between children with and without wet cough. Lung MRI/CT demonstrate in four of nine cases abnormalities of the bronchial walls, including one with incipient bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After PBB in early childhood, a significant proportion of children suffer from respiratory symptoms many years later, some have an objectively reduced lung function and structural changes of the bronchial wall despite adequate initial therapy. Wet cough alone seems not to be a sensitive clinical predictor. Due to the retrospective study design, we cannot proof any causal relationship. However, to detect late bronchopulmonary sequelae, continuous follow-up of these children should become mandatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 5","pages":"e71111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial EBUS to Identify Tuberculosis Mediastinal Lymph Nodes for Biopsy in Young Children.","authors":"Pierre Goussard, Ernst Eber, Shyam Venkatakrishna, Savvas Andronikou, Andre Gie, Delano Rhode, Carmen Jacobs, Lars Ebert, Janette Verster, Jacques Janson, Pawel Schubert, Celeste Burger","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 5","pages":"e71120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Asthma Medications in African American Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Single Center Experience.","authors":"Allison Jue, Lucia Mirea, Alyssa McGary, Sophia Williams","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate use of asthma controller medications and their effect on lung function in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study in pediatric patients who self-identified as African American with SCD treated at Phoenix Children's between 2014 and 2021. Associations of asthma controller medications with changes in lung symptoms (cough, wheeze, chest pain, shortness of breath with exercise, sleep disturbance), Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS), and percent predicted probabilities (FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC, FEF_25%-75%)) were examined (Fisher exact, Wilcoxon rank sum) in SCD patients overall, and by physician-diagnosed asthma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 98 SCD patients, 28 (29%) had an asthma diagnosis and 76 (78%) were treatment naïve. During study follow-up, asthma controller medications were used by 57 (58%) patients (35 new prescriptions, 13 continued prescriptions and 9 with prescription escalation), with 41 patients remaining treatment naïve. Medication use vs non-use during follow-up improved cough (33% vs 7%, p = 0.002), chest pain (12% vs 5%, p = 0.03) and shortness of breath with exercise (32% vs 10%, p = 0.01) among all SCD patients. Medications also improved the mean relative percent change FEV₁ (12.3 vs -3.6; p < 0.0001), FVC (10.5 vs -1.3; p < 0.0001), and FEF_25%-75%, (20.6 vs -8.8; p < 0.0001), overall and in both asthmatics and non-asthmatics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate improved lung function and respiratory symptoms with asthma controller medications in pediatric patients with SCD, irrespective of an asthma diagnosis, and hold great promise for this undertreated population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 5","pages":"e71147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicystic Interstitial Lung Disease Due to a Novel Biallelic C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 2 Variant.","authors":"Moritz Herkner, Christina Rapp, Simon Y Graeber, Charlotte Marx, Carlotta Rambuscheck, Simone Reu-Hofer, Nagehan Emiralioglu, Nural Kiper, Alexandru I Gilea, Ilenia Notaroberto, Enrico Baruffini, Bettina Temmesfeld-Wollbrück, Christoph Klein, Han Wen, Mirjam Stahl, Matthias Griese, Florian Gothe","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We are presenting two individuals with biallelic C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) deficiency carrying the novel c.644C>T p.L215P variant, who presented with chronic respiratory symptoms during infancy and developed multiple diffuse cystic lesions during childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patients were diagnosed by means of whole exome sequencing and functional validation of the variant was performed in primary patient cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While size and extent of the cysts were stable over years, progressive lung function decline was noted in adolescence and adulthood respectively. The CCR2 p.L215P variant was found to be loss-of-expression and patient monocytes displayed a migration defect upon stimulation with the CCR2 ligand C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With a follow-up of up to 25 years, this report expands our understanding of lung disease in CCR2 deficiency and offers another monogenic cause of cystic lung disease. Early genetic diagnosis of affected individuals might allow potentially curative treatment by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 5","pages":"e71135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Neonatal Respiratory Distress With Ciliary Ultrastructure and Genotype in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.","authors":"Andrew T Barber, Stephanie D Davis, Thomas W Ferkol, Adam J Shapiro, Jeff Atkinson, Scott D Sagel, Sharon D Dell, Kenneth Olivier, Carlos Milla, Margaret Rosenfeld, Lang Li, Feng-Chang Lin, Kelli M Sullivan, Nicole A Capps, Maimoona A Zariwala, Michael R Knowles, Margaret W Leigh","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.71091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between ciliary ultrastructure/genotype and prevalence of neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis from a multicenter, prospective study of children and adults with PCD. Participants were classified by ultrastructural defect associated with their diagnostic genetic variants: 1) outer dynein arm defect alone (ODA), 2) outer plus inner dynein arm defect (ODA/IDA), 3) inner dynein arm defect with microtubular disorganization (IDA/MTD), 4) DNAH11 (encodes ODA protein but has normal ultrastructure), and 5) normal/near-normal/other. The likelihood of NRD between ultrastructure groups or genotypes was evaluated by multivariate analysis using logistic regression, controlled for age, gender, race, and variant type. Similar analysis was performed within individual genotypes to assess association of NRD with the presence of 2 loss-of-function variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 455 participants analyzed, 305 (67.0%) reported NRD. The odds ratio for NRD in the DNAH11 group was significantly lower (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.76) compared to NRD in the ODA group. Within the DNAH5 group, those with two loss-of-function variants were more likely to have NRD compared to those with possible residual function variants (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.33-7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NRD is less common in those with DNAH11 variants, thus a high index of suspicion should remain for PCD in the absence of NRD. Variant type (loss-of-function vs. residual function) may explain phenotypic variability within individual PCD genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 5","pages":"e71091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children.","authors":"Véronique Houdouin, Hala Feghali, Sophie Boileau, Michel Guinot, Philippe Reix, Justine Pages, Sophie Guilmin Crepon, Christophe Delclaux","doi":"10.1002/ppul.70994","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppul.70994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with long-term sequelae such as reduced exercise capacity, but whether some degree of spontaneous recovery occurs during childhood is yet to be determined. This prospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate exercise capacity at 1 and 3 years after HSCT. Forty-four (30 males, median age [interquartile] 13.0 years [10.5; 15.4] at first cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPET]) of the 292 children included in the RESPPEDHEM cohort had a CPET at both time points. Their median z-score of peak V'O₂ did not significantly improve between the two CPETs: -2.7 (-4.0; -1.5) at 1 year versus -2.2 (-3.1; -0.6) at 3 years, p = 0.09. It was associated with a low z-score of peak oxygen pulse: -2.2 (-3.6; -0.9) versus -1.9 (-2.8; -0.9), p = 0.14, suggesting low muscular fitness. Female sex was associated with a higher risk of low muscular fitness, whereas the Play-Performance Scale (PPS) was unable to differentiate between adolescents with or without low fitness (37/39 adolescents had a PPS score evaluated by their parents of 100 and were judged as fully active and normal, contrasting with the results of their CPET). In conclusion, impaired exercise capacity is present one1 year after HSCT, does not improve after two subsequent years in adolescents, and is under-evaluated by their parents. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02032381.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 5","pages":"e70994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) as an Initial Manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis in a Young Child.","authors":"Nikhil Rajvanshi, Taruna Yadav, Jagdish Prasad Goyal, Prawin Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ppul.71140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.71140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"60 5","pages":"e71140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}