Pediatric Pulmonology最新文献

{"title":"Viral: Bacterial interactions in childhood asthma.","authors":"Peter D Sly","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect and mechanism of allergen-specific immunotherapy on small airway dysfunction in children with asthma.","authors":"Wenwei Zhong, Xiaolan Ying, Lei Zhang, Wenfang Dong, Jie Lin, Lin Yang, Li Hong, Yong Yin, Jinhong Wu","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) on small airway dysfunction (SAD) and the underlying mechanism with a special focus on basophils.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-five children with mild to moderate asthma who were under regular inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment for more than 1 year but whose FEF₇₅ remained below 65% of the predicted value and had positive results for serum Der p or Der f were enrolled. Children with asthma underwent house dust mite (HDM) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) treatment for 1 year. Clinical symptoms and lung function were evaluated every 3 months during HDM SCIT treatment. Basophil activation test (BAT) was carried out before and after HDM SCIT treatment. RNA sequencing was performed in isolated basophils from peripheral blood after 6 months of HDM SCIT treatment, followed by GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis between patients with and without HDM SCIT treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HDM AIT treatment ameliorated clinical symptoms while concurrently improved lung function parameters, such as FEV₁/FVC, FEF₇₅, FEF₅₀ and MMEF (p < .05). It is worth noting that FEF₇₅ values showed a highly significant, gradual and persistent increase (from 49.55 ± 1.27% at baseline to 71.89 ± 2.64% after 1 year of therapy) and 22 of 35 patients no longer had SAD after 1 year of treatment. BAT results revealed that AIT treatment significantly reduced basophil activity to the inhalant allergen mixtures containing HDM in vitro challenge from baseline. GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of basophils revealed that downregulated genes were mainly involved in immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and Th2 cell differentiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that HDM AIT not only improved SAD related lung function parameters, but also reduced basophil activity. RNA sequencing revealed the inhibition of phagocytosis and the phagosome pathway in basophils which may affect the polarization of Th2 cell differentiation after HDM AIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management implications of latent TB among under-five children at risk: Insights from a community study in Mumbai, India.","authors":"Suchitra Surve, Vikrant Bhor, Venkateshwaran Gounder, Kiran Munne, Shahina Begum, Kajal Naukariya, Mangala Gomare, Varsha Puri, Pranita Tipre, Narendra Sutar, Ajay Dhawale, Rohan Naik, Akanksha Jaiswal, Gauri Bhonde, Madhuri Shikhare, Rakesh Kamble, Rachna Dalvi, Sharmila Kamat, Varsha Tryambake, Sanjay Chauhan, Ira Shah","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management is crucial to WHO's End TB Strategy. Indian guidelines recommend treating under-five children with household TB contacts after ruling out active TB, regardless of TBI testing. However, the precise LTBI burden among children in high TB burden settings like India is unknown. A community-based study in Mumbai's urban slums screened and managed under-five children at LTBI risk to understand its epidemiology and inform TB control interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total 369 eligible under-five children were enrolled for the study. LTBI screening was done using Tuberculin skin test and Interferon gamma release assay. Active TB was ruled out before initiation of TB preventive therapy among LTBI positives. Statistical tests like chi-square, logistic regression analysis and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, LTBI prevalence among under-five children was 12.4% by IGRA and 21.4% by TST. Undernourished children had significantly lower LTBI positivity by IGRA (p = 0.027), while those with household contacts, longer contact duration and drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) exhibited proportionally greater IGRA positivity (p = <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a lower LTBI prevalence among under-five children compared to adults, with key risk factors being HHC, DR-TB contact, and prolonged exposure. These findings suggest the need to revise or revisit the TPT framework for this age group in India, particularly by implementing a test-and-treat approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural course of CPAM and pulmonary sequestration: to operate or not to operate, this is the question.","authors":"Karin M de Winter-de Groot","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case images for 'pediatric DAH: Etiologies and outcomes'.","authors":"Muhammed Tekinhatun","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of cystic fibrosis: A global perspective.","authors":"Felix Ratjen","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severity of lung disease as well as other disease manifestations have dramatically improved in those patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) that both have mutations responsive to small molecule- based therapies with CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators and do have access to these drugs. Unfortunately, these medications are not available to many patients with CF across the globe with access largely limited to high income countries. For those eligible to CFTR modulators new questions have arisen regarding the ongoing need for other medications addressing CF lung disease as well current care models with tight monitoring. This article aims to summarize how CF care may change in the future making a plea to expand the availability of highly effective medications to every child with CF that could benefit from treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of local anesthesia on ciliary dyskinesia diagnosis by digital high-speed videomicroscopy.","authors":"Lionel Benchimol, Noemie Bricmont, Romane Bonhiver, Grégory A Hans, Philippe Lefebvre, Celine Kempeneers, Anne-Lise Poirrier","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective study investigates the impact of local anesthesia on ciliary function in nasal epithelium. The primary objective was to assess whether lidocaine 2% and naphazoline 0.5% nasal spray alter ciliary beat frequency and pattern in subjects undergoing nasal brushing, aiming to enhance primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>It was hypothesized that local anesthesia administration would not significantly affect ciliary function in nasal epithelium.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A prospective, simple-blind randomized study was conducted between 2020 and 2023. The study employed digital high-speed videomicroscopy to analyze ciliary beat frequency and pattern.</p><p><strong>Patient/subject selection: </strong>A cohort of 38 participants was recruited, consisting of 25 healthy volunteers and 13 referred individuals (including seven diagnosed with PCD). Selection criteria ensured the absence of chronic respiratory diseases, recent respiratory tract infections, or regular use of nasal medications.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Participants underwent nasal brushing with administration of lidocaine and naphazoline nasal spray in one nostril and saline in the contralateral nostril. Ciliary beat frequency and pattern were measured using digital high-speed video microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nasal spray administration did not significantly alter ciliary beat frequency or pattern compared to saline (p = 0.841 and p = 0.125, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed consistent results across healthy volunteers, referred patients, and PCD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Local anesthesia with lidocaine and naphazoline spray did not affect ciliary function outcomes. These findings support the safe use of these agents in clinical practice for PCD diagnostic procedures. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted for validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins-case report.","authors":"Renata Wrobel Folescu Cohen, Flavio Sztajnbok, Evanice Lima de Marca, Vera Luiza Capelozzi, Dafne Dain Gandelman Horovitz, Eloa Nunez, Henrique de Campos Reis Galvão, Joselito Sobreira, Diana Carolina Salazar Bermeo, Tania Wrobel Folescu","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory sequelae after COVID-19 infection in Thai healthy children.","authors":"Sirapoom Niamsanit, Wicharn Boonjindasup, Suchada Sritippayawan, Jitladda Deerojanawong, Nuanchan Prapphal, Chanthana Harnruthakorn, Jiratchaya Sophonphan, Watit Niyomkarn","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The long-term respiratory sequelae of COVID-19 infection in children remain poorly understood and may differ across countries. This study aims to investigate the respiratory sequelae, including residual respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in Thai children. The secondary aim is to identify factors associated with the respiratory sequelae.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is an observational study involving 56 healthy children, aged between 7 and 18 years, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection from July 2021 to February 2023. Clinical data relating to COVID-19 infection and persistent symptoms after the infection were assessed after the infection up to 6 months. Spirometry was performed to assess pulmonary function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-COVID-19 symptoms were identified in 14 patients (25%), with fatigue, cough, and dyspnea being common symptoms (28%-35%). A significant correlation was found between post COVID-19 symptoms and pneumonia (OR = 6.00, 95%CI [1.54,23.33], p = .01). Abnormal pulmonary function was identified in 10 patients (17.8%) with obstructive impairment being the most common. However, there was no significant association between clinical factors and pulmonary function impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged respiratory symptoms and abnormal pulmonary function following COVID-19 infection are not uncommon in children. The post-COVID-19 symptoms are possibly associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric pulmonology 2023 year in review: Asthma.","authors":"Andre Espaillat, Ceila E Loughlin, Nicole Stephenson","doi":"10.1002/ppul.27321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.27321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caring for children with asthma continues to be an essential responsibility of the pediatric pulmonologist. In this Pediatric Pulmonology Year in Review, we summarize the significant publications focused on pediatric asthma that have been published over the last year. Articles were selected from Pediatric Pulmonology and other relevant medical journals that historically publish in the field of pediatrics, and more specifically, pediatric asthma. Our aim was to highlight publications that may impact or change clinical practice. Once articles were collected, specific themes were chosen to best orient the reader to particular interests. In this review, we will discuss new findings that assist in the diagnosis and evaluation of pediatric asthma, highlight risk factors and social determinants that impact successful care, and discuss new interventions and treatment modalities for acute exacerbations and maintenance control. We hope this review can provide new insights and guidance for implementation into clinical practice within the field of pediatric asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}