Orvosi hetilap最新文献

{"title":"[Mealtime duration - a predictive factor for dysphagia].","authors":"Fanni Balogh, Mariann Németh","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.33295","DOIUrl":"10.1556/650.2025.33295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction: Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) is increasingly observed among patients with acquired brain injuries, with its occurrence reported in nearly half of the cases. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the mealtime durations of dysphagic and non-dysphagic patients with acquired brain injuries who were admitted to the Severe Brain Injury Unit of the Department of Neurosurgery at the Clinical Center of the University of Pécs between September 2021 and September 2022. Method: During the prospective study we measured the meal times of 5 lunches for patients who met the criteria. Using statistical analysis and demographic data, we sought to confirm our hypotheses that the mealtime duration of dysphagic patients is longer than that of non-dysphagic patients, that cognitive dysfunctions influence and prolong mealtime duration, and that the mealtime duration of dysphagic patients is shorter than the threshold of 45 minutes mentioned in the literature. A total of 30 patients were included in the study: 15 dysphagic and 15 non-dysphagic. Results: Based on the results, a significant difference (p = 0.001) was found between the dysphagic and control group; the average mealtime duration of dysphagic patients was longer than that of their non-dysphagic counterparts. In this study, we could not prove the influence of cognitive dysfunctions. The longest measured mealtime duration we have measured was 25 minutes, meaning no participant reached the duration mentioned in the literature. Conclusion: In Hungarian hospital settings, mealtime duration as a predictive factor for dysphagia has not been previously measured. This study also confirms the prolonged mealtime duration mentioned in international literature, albeit not to the same extent. However, we obtained an approximate value for prolonged mealtime duration. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(23): 907–912.</p>","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 23","pages":"907-912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morbidity and mortality indicators of diabetic peripheral artery vascular patients in a general practice].","authors":"Henrietta Galvács, Istvánné Mongel, Katalin Dózsa","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.33311","DOIUrl":"10.1556/650.2025.33311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious public health problems today. Among its target organ complications, cardiovascular diseases stand out. Among these, one of the most significant diseases is lower extremity peripheral artery disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors and risk of lower limb peripheral artery disease in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorder attending a preventive care office in a general practice, compared with non-diabetic patients. Method: Between 01. 06. 2021 and 31. 05. 2024, we evaluated the anthropometric data, comorbidities, and ankle-brachial index results of patients who attended the preventive care office, using the general practice software, comparing diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Results: During the examined period, 522 care events took place, involving 423 patients. A significant difference was found between the waist circumference (p<0.001) and BMI values (p<0.001) of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Cardiovascular diseases also occurred significantly more frequently (p<0.001) in diabetes. In addition to male gender (p = 0.041), smoking (p = 0.034), diabetes duration (p = 0.018), fasting blood glucose level (p = 0.039), chronic coronary artery disease (p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.041), dyslipidemia (p = 0.021), and pre-existing carotid plaque/stenosis (p = 0.002) showed significant influencing effects on the development of peripheral artery disease. The risk of developing peripheral artery disease is already increased in diabetic patients from the age of 45 years, and by the age of 70 years, the majority of patients may be dead. Discussion: Lower extremity peripheral artery disease and other known cardiovascular conditions occurred significantly more frequently in diabetic patients. Most of them can be considered polyvascular patients due to the involvement of other localizations (carotid system and coronary arteries). Due to the confirmed comorbidities, a holistic approach is necessary in primary care, an important part of which is achieving cholesterol target levels. Conclusion: In order for prevention to be more successful, it is necessary to involve additional professionals in the primary care of diabetic patients as soon as possible, in the spirit of task delegation. In the screening of chronic diseases, patient education, and care to the target value, advanced practice nurses can provide effective assistance, making their prompt integration fundamentally important. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(23): 913–920.</p>","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 23","pages":"913-920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A rarely recognized cause of cerebral ischemia: cerebral angiitis].","authors":"Anikó Papp, Viktória Varga, Gréta Zaja, Danuta Szirmai, Claudia Futó, Anita Frendl, Andrea Kovács, Ágnes Szappanos, Péter Várallyay, Kinga Pozsár, Anita Kamondi","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.33307","DOIUrl":"10.1556/650.2025.33307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction: Inflammation of the walls of the central nervous system blood vessels (angiitis) is a rare cause of a cerebral ischemia. The recognition, diagnosis and treatment of the central nervous system angiitis require a multidisciplinary approach. Objective: Our goal was to write a Hungarian-language summary article and diagnostic protocol to assist clinicians in recognizing and diagnosing central nervous system vasculitis, as well as selecting the appropriate treatment. Discussion: Within central nervous system vasculitis, we distinguish between primary central nervous system vasculitis and secondary forms, where the involvement of the nervous system may be part of another underlying systemic disease. Central nervous system vasculitis can also be categorized based on the diameter of the affected vessels, distinguishing between small, medium, and large vessel types. These forms vary in clinical presentation, and their treatment is also different. Currently, no specific laboratory or imaging biomarkers are available to aid in the diagnosis. Besides physical examination and taking the medical history, it is crucial to utilize routine imaging procedures as well as methods confirming vascular wall involvement (e.g., black blood technique), routine and special laboratory and cerebrospinal fluid tests, and biopsy sampling options. In differential diagnosis, the primary focus is on excluding or confirming systemic vasculitis and autoimmune disorders, as well as infections or other diseases that may also affect the central nervous system. After establishing the diagnosis, the neurologist plays a key role in developing an appropriate treatment strategy, with significant involvement from immunologists/rheumatologists, and close follow-up is recommended due to the progressive nature of the disease. Conclusion: Central nervous system vasculitis is a progressive disease, but in many cases, it is treatable if detected early. Flexible collaboration between medical specialties plays a crucial role in its recognition and treatment. Due to the complexity of diagnosis and long-term care, it may be beneficial to establish specialized centers and working groups skilled in managing the disease. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(23): 887–906.</p>","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 23","pages":"887-906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Wellens' phenocopy].","authors":"János Tomcsányi","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.33304","DOIUrl":"10.1556/650.2025.33304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Wellens’ syndrome, ECG signs that indicate critical stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery and therefore require urgent intervention are widely known. The present study presents the pathological entities where ECG signs corresponding to Wellens syndrome are due to other cardiac or non-cardiac diseases and analyzes the possible pathomechanisms. Knowledge of these Wellens’ phenocopies is important for the patient to receive adequate treatment as soon as possible. This publication also supports Wellens’ statement that the ECG should always be evaluated only together with the patient’s complaints and symptoms. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(22): 864–871.</p>","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 22","pages":"864-871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Workplace stress and burnout in elderly care: examining the mental health of middle-aged workers].","authors":"Zsanett Németh, Petra Deák, Alexandra Makai, Márta Hock","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.33288","DOIUrl":"10.1556/650.2025.33288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction: Burnout is a combination of mental, emotional, and physical issues resulting from prolonged stress and emotional overload. Professionals working with people – including those in elderly care – are particularly vulnerable to the risk of burnout. While research is growing, the link between effort-reward imbalance and burnout in elderly care workers remains underexplored. Objective: To explore how demographic and work-related variables as well as workplace stress factors (effort, reward, overcommitment) are associated with employee burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment). Method: We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire with 227 participants (aged 40–65) working in the domestic elderly care sector. The Effort-Reward Imbalance instrument was used to measure workplace stress, while the Maslach Burnout Inventory was employed to assess burnout. Descriptive statistical tests, Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test and Spearman’s correlation were applied. Results: Men experienced significantly higher depersonalization H(1) = 5.612; p = 0.018). The number of years spent in the profession showed a positive significant correlation with depersonalization (rs = 0.155, p = 0.019). With an increase in years spent in the workplace, emotional exhaustion (rs = 0.145, p = 0.029) and depersonalization (rs = 0.206, p = 0.002) also increased. Higher emotional exhaustion was associated with significantly greater effort (rs = 0.489, p<0.001), overcommitment (rs = 0.434, p<0.001), and effort-reward imbalance (rs = 0.515, p<0.001) as well as significantly lower perceived rewards (rs = –0.336, p<0.001). Greater emotional exhaustion was linked to significantly higher effort (rs = 0.305, p<0.001), overcommitment (rs = 0.147, p = 0.027) and effort-reward imbalance (rs = 0.343, p<0.001), while the reward was significantly lower (rs = –0.306, p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, managing workplace stress is essential for preventing burnout among elderly care workers, as it can increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic symptoms. For individual prevention, it may be important to learn stress management techniques, maintain a work-life balance, set boundaries, and seek professional support. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(22): 847–855.</p>","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 22","pages":"847-855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Low-intensity psychological interventions for anxiety].","authors":"Walter Fontanini","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.33320","DOIUrl":"10.1556/650.2025.33320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction and objective: Anxiety disorders affect approximately 264 million people worldwide, posing a significant public health challenge. Barriers to accessing traditional pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments exacerbate the problem. There is a growing need for sustainable, low-cost, non-pharmacological interventions, particularly for underserved populations with subclinical symptoms. This study explores the potential of breathing exercises to manage subclinical anxiety disorders by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Method: A qualitative research approach was used, involving participants (n = 10, male = 5, female = 5, average age = 27.9 years, minimum age = 18 years, maximum age = 48 years) with self-reported “mild to moderate” anxiety. The participants engaged in a four-week daily breathing exercise intervention. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured, in-depth post-intervention interviews. Thematic analysis was applied to identify key participant experiences and perceptual patterns. This research was conducted in collaboration with the Faculty of Psychology at Wolverhampton University in the United Kingdom, examining the applicability and effectiveness of breathing exercises on an international sample. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that breathing exercises effectively reduced anxiety by improving emotional regulation, promoting relaxation, enhancing the role of the self as an agent, and alleviating physical symptoms. Participants reported increased resilience and a sense of control. However, barriers such as initial skepticism and inconsistent adherence were also noted. Discussion and conclusion: The study shows that breathing exercises – a type of low-impact psychological interventions – are a viable, scalable and non-pharmacological solution for anxiety management. Integrating these exercises into daily routines and settings, such as schools and workplaces, is feasible. The research highlights the need to promote awareness of breathing techniques and integrate them into community mental health programs. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(22): 856–863.</p>","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 22","pages":"856-863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alternative routes of drug administration in palliative care].","authors":"Nóra Frank, Nóra Szigeti, Balázs Fülöp","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.33292","DOIUrl":"10.1556/650.2025.33292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During palliative care, proper symptomatic care of terminally ill patients may require well-thought-out drug dosing. Choosing the method of drug administration is essential, as most patients want to spend the last period of their lives at home, avoiding unnecessary hospitalization. Oral medication is preferred, but as the patient approaches end-of-life care, this may become temporarily or permanently impossible for a variety of reasons. Considering the wishes of the patient and family and taking into account the previous and present symptoms, a reliable and effective drug administration route must be chosen that does not limit the daily life of the patient. Transdermal drug administration is easy and convenient, opioid analgesic patches with a long half-life are primarily recommended for the relief of stable pain. Oral transmucosal drug administration can be a good alternative in the care of the last period of life, e.g., in relieving breakthrough pain. Rectal drug administration is a cost-effective, easy-to-perform at home and less invasive method. During subcutaneous drug administration, bolus and continuous 24-hour drug administrations (continuous subcutaneous infusion) are also possible. A portable subcutaneous infusion pump (syringe driver) is an important part of symptomatic treatment at the end of life. Effective and safe drug administration with the help of educated relatives ensures better symptom control. It could reduce the number of hospital referrals, and in accordance with the preference of the patient and their family, end-of-life care can often be provided at home. Orv Hetil 2025; 166(22): 839–846.</p>","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 22","pages":"839-846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bonctermi patológia – útmutató és atlasz. Molnár Péter, Medicina Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 2024.","authors":"György Szeifert","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.22M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/650.2025.22M","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 22","pages":"875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[From Ferenc Bene to the Apponyi Polyclinic: the beginnings of the history of polyclinics in Hungary].","authors":"László Kiss","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.HO2836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/650.2025.HO2836","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 22","pages":"872-874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[My memories of György Romhányi, the Hungarian pioneer of polarization microscopy on his 120th birth anniversary].","authors":"József Makovitzky","doi":"10.1556/650.2025.HO2835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/650.2025.HO2835","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19911,"journal":{"name":"Orvosi hetilap","volume":"166 21","pages":"832-835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}