[Low-intensity psychological interventions for anxiety].

Abstract

Introduction and objective: Anxiety disorders affect approximately 264 million people worldwide, posing a significant public health challenge. Barriers to accessing traditional pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments exacerbate the problem. There is a growing need for sustainable, low-cost, non-pharmacological interventions, particularly for underserved populations with subclinical symptoms. This study explores the potential of breathing exercises to manage subclinical anxiety disorders by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Method: A qualitative research approach was used, involving participants (n = 10, male = 5, female = 5, average age = 27.9 years, minimum age = 18 years, maximum age = 48 years) with self-reported “mild to moderate” anxiety. The participants engaged in a four-week daily breathing exercise intervention. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured, in-depth post-intervention interviews. Thematic analysis was applied to identify key participant experiences and perceptual patterns. This research was conducted in collaboration with the Faculty of Psychology at Wolverhampton University in the United Kingdom, examining the applicability and effectiveness of breathing exercises on an international sample. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that breathing exercises effectively reduced anxiety by improving emotional regulation, promoting relaxation, enhancing the role of the self as an agent, and alleviating physical symptoms. Participants reported increased resilience and a sense of control. However, barriers such as initial skepticism and inconsistent adherence were also noted. Discussion and conclusion: The study shows that breathing exercises – a type of low-impact psychological interventions – are a viable, scalable and non-pharmacological solution for anxiety management. Integrating these exercises into daily routines and settings, such as schools and workplaces, is feasible. The research highlights the need to promote awareness of breathing techniques and integrate them into community mental health programs. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(22): 856–863.