Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"RETRACTED: Ahmad et al. Quantification and Evaluations of Catechin Hydrate Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Brain Targeting for the Treatment of Epilepsy. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 203.","authors":"Niyaz Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Ridha Abdullah Alrasheed, Hassan Mohammed Ali Almatar, Abdullah Sami Al-Ramadan, Mohd Amir, Md Sarafroz","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17060686","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17060686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The journal retracts the article \"Quantification and Evaluations of Catechin Hydrate Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Brain Targeting for the Treatment of Epilepsy\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Urea on Drug Extraction Efficiency in Reverse Iontophoresis.","authors":"Rie Yamauchi, Shuji Ohno, Yasuko Obata","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Reverse iontophoresis (R-IP) is a technology that transdermally delivers components from inside the body to outside the body using electroosmotic flow (EOF) generated by applying a low electric current through the skin. It has attracted attention as a non-invasive sampling method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The purpose of this study was to determine whether urea and Tween 80 effectively enhance drug extraction from beneath the skin using R-IP. <b>Methods</b>: An in vitro drug extraction test using hairless mouse skin and R-IP was performed with a 3-chamber Franz cell and Ag|AgCl electrodes by applying a constant current (0.25 mA/cm²) for 6 h. Acetaminophen was chosen as the model drug, and its solution (30, 100, or 300 μg/mL) was placed in the subdermal compartment. The pH of both the electrode and subdermal compartment solutions was maintained at 7.4. <b>Results</b>: Acetaminophen was gradually extracted into the electrode compartment in a concentration-dependent manner and was more abundant in the cathode compartment than in the anode compartment. In addition, urea significantly promoted drug extraction, particularly on the cathode side, and a linear relationship was observed between the subdermal concentration and extracted amount. This effect is likely due to skin hydration caused by urea, which enhances EOF generation in the skin. Conversely, Tween 80 had no effect on drug extraction. <b>Conclusions</b>: R-IP combined with urea is expected to not only shorten the treatment time but also enable its application to drugs with low concentrations in blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effervescent Tablet Preparation by Twin-Screw Melt Granulation with Sorbitol as a Melt Binder.","authors":"Zoltán Márk Horváth, Kirils Kukuls, Alīna Jaroslava Frolova, Marta Žogota, Elżbieta Maria Buczkowska, Līga Pētersone, Valentyn Mohylyuk","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Methods</b>: Effervescent granules containing citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were successfully prepared for the first time via TS-MG using a polyol (sorbitol) as a melt binder. <b>Results</b>: Processing parameters, specifically granulation temperature and screw speed, were systematically varied to investigate their influence. The granulation efficiency, inversely related to the wt.% of fines, decreased in the following order across the tested conditions (granulation temperature-screw speed; ℃-rpm): 95-6 > 100-5 > 90-5 > 100-7 > 90-7. Granulation temperature had a minimal impact on the bulk and tapped densities of the uncalibrated granules, whereas increased screw speed led to higher densities, associated with a reduced proportion of fines. The tensile strength of the resulting effervescent tablets increased with granulation temperature and was generally higher for tablets derived from granules with higher granulation efficiency. The residence time within the TS-MG barrel decreased with increasing temperature and screw speed. Notably, the greatest effect of granulation temperature on tensile strength occurred between 90 and 95 °C, particularly under longer residence times. The disintegration time of the tablets was shortest for the 90 °C and 5 rpm condition, corresponding to the lowest tensile strength, while tablets across formulations showed consistent homogeneity as indicated by similar pH values post-disintegration. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings underscore sorbitol's suitability as a melt binder and highlight the interplay between TS-MG parameters and the physical characteristics of effervescent granules and tablets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Drug-Drug Cocrystalline Forms of Carbamazepine with Sulfacetamide: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro/In Vivo Performance Evaluation.","authors":"Denis E Boycov, Ksenia V Drozd, Alex N Manin, Andrei V Churakov, Mikhail Yu Vlasov, Irina V Kachalkina, German L Perlovich","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: Drug-drug cocrystallization represents a promising approach for the development of novel combination drugs with improved physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. The aim of the present research is to prepare novel drug-drug cocrystalline forms of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) with sulfacetamide (SCTM). <b>Methods</b>: The novel CBZ cocrystal methanol solvate and cocrystal hydrate were prepared via solvent evaporation technique and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. <b>Results</b>: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis revealed that the multicomponent solids are isostructural, wherein the solvent molecule does not play a structure-forming role. To optimize the synthesis of [CBZ+SCTM+H₂O] (1:1:0.7), the binary and ternary phase diagrams were constructed in acetonitrile at 25 °C. A thorough investigation of the cocrystal hydrate behavior in aqueous solution showed that the pH of the dissolution medium exerted a significant effect on the stability and solubility of [CBZ+SCTM+H₂O] (1:1:0.7). According to the dissolution and diffusion experiments in a buffer solution pH 6.5, the cocrystal hydrate characterized an enhanced dissolution rate and flux of CBZ. Pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits showed that the novel cocrystal hydrate exhibited a comparable bioavailability to the parent CBZ. <b>Conclusions</b>: Overall, this work reports the preparation of a novel CBZ drug-drug cocrystal hydrate, which can be considered as an alternative CBZ solid form for oral usage, possessing additive pharmacological effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from <i>Antigonon leptopus</i>: Assessment of Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties.","authors":"Marisol Gastelum-Cabrera, Pablo Mendez-Pfeiffer, Manuel G Ballesteros-Monrreal, Brenda Velasco-Rodríguez, Patricia D Martínez-Flores, Sergio Silva-Bea, Vicente Domínguez-Arca, Gerardo Prieto, Silvia Barbosa, Ana Otero, Pablo Taboada, Josué Juárez","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show promises as antimicrobial biomaterials with use for combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and they are widely used in healthcare, medicine, and food industries. However, traditional physicochemical synthesis methods often require harsh conditions and toxic reagents, generating harmful waste. The synthesis of AgNPs using plant-derived bioactive compounds offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, a bio-green approach was employed to synthesize AgNPs using ethanolic extracts from <i>Antigonon leptopus</i> leaves (EXT-<i>AL</i>). The synthesis was optimized under different pH conditions (5.5, 8.0, 10.0) and EXT-<i>AL</i> concentrations (10-200 μg/mL). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and cytotoxicity was assessed in HeLa, CaCo-2, T731-GFP, and HaCaT cell lines. <b>Results:</b> UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation, with a surface plasmon resonance peak at 410 nm. Alkaline conditions (pH 10.0) favored the formation of smaller, spherical AgNPs. Characterization by DLS, TEM, and AFM revealed uniform nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 93.48 ± 1.88 nm and a zeta potential of -37.80 ± 1.28 mV. The AgNPs remained stable in Milli-Q water but tended to aggregate in PBS, DMEM, and MHB media. Antibacterial assays demonstrated significant bactericidal activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at 3.9 μg/mL (Ag⁺ equivalent). Cytotoxicity tests showed no toxicity to HeLa, T731-GFP, CaCo-2, or HaCaT cells at concentrations ≥ 7.8 μg/mL after 24 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings highlight <i>Antigonon leptopus</i> extract as a sustainable and cost-effective resource for AgNPs synthesis, with strong antimicrobial properties and potential biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Ternary Complexes to Improve the Solubility and Dissolution Performance of a Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera Drug.","authors":"Heng Zhang, Hengqian Wu, Lili Wang, Laura Machín Galarza, Chuanyu Wu, Mingzhong Li, Zhengping Wang, Erpeng Zhou, Jun Han","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have shown significant potential in the treatment of intractable diseases. However, their clinical applications are limited by poor water solubility and permeability. In this study, the cyclodextrin inclusion method was employed for the first time to prepare the PROTAC-CD complex with the aim of improving the dissolution of a PROTAC drug (LC001). <b>Methods:</b> Initially, sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) was selected to improve the solubility of LC001. The polymer TPGS was screened based on the phase solubility method to enhance the efficiency of complexation and solubilization capacity, and its ratio with SBE-β-CD was optimized. The ternary complex was prepared by lyophilization with an SBE-β-CD/TPGS molar ratio of 1:0.03. Differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy results confirmed the formation of an amorphous complex. Fourier-transform infrared and molecular docking simulations indicated the formation of hydrogen bond interactions between components. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the ternary complexes significantly improved the dissolution rate and release amount of LC001 in PBS (pH 6.8) and were unaffected by changes in gastric pH compared to the binary complexes and physical mixtures. The lack of crystal structure in the lyophilized particles and the formation of nano aggregates in solution may be the reasons for the improved dissolution of the ternary complex. <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, the addition of TPGS to the LC001-SBE-β-CD binary system has a synergistic effect on improving the solubility and dissolution of LC001. This ternary complex is a promising formulation for enhancing the dissolution of LC001.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal Medicine: Enhancing the Anticancer Potential of Natural Products in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy Through Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Ghazala Muteeb, Manar T El-Morsy, Mustafa Ali Abo-Taleb, Salma K Mohamed, Doaa S R Khafaga","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and prevalent liver cancer with a poor prognosis. Nanotechnology combined with natural products has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance HCC treatment efficacy. This review assesses the current literature on the application of nanotechnology in delivering natural products for HCC therapy. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published up to the present articles focusing on nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems using natural products for HCC therapy, including different nanoparticle (NP) formulations and therapeutic interventions, were included. Natural products with anticancer properties have been encapsulated using various nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and quantum dots, which have improved drug stability, prolonged circulation time, and enhanced targeted delivery to HCC cells. These advancements have led to increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Additionally, combining multiple natural products or integrating them with conventional therapies via nanocarriers enables personalized treatment approaches based on patient characteristics and molecular profiles. The integration of nanotechnology with natural products shows great potential for improving HCC treatment outcomes, representing a significant advancement in precision medicine for liver cancer and paving the way for more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing the Oxalate, Fumarate and Succinate Salts of Tetrabenazine: Solid-State Characterization and Solubility.","authors":"Marieta Muresan-Pop, Viorica Simon, Gheorghe Borodi, Alexandru Turza","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Tetrabenazine (brand name Nitoman and Xenazine) is a compound used to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Due to its low solubility, this drug is administered to patients in high doses, which produces side effects. <b>Methods</b>: To overcome these deficiencies, we prepared, using the mechanochemical method, three salts of tetrabenazine with three coformers: oxalic, fumaric, and succinic acid. The new solid forms were identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). <b>Results</b>: Full structural characterization was performed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), which revealed that the supramolecular interactions in the new solid forms were achieved by proton transfer between the coformer and the nitrogen of the tetrabenazine molecule. The salts formation was also evidenced by thermal analyses (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the physical stability of the salts was evaluated under extreme temperature and humidity conditions. <b>Conclusions</b>: From a pharmaceutical perspective, UV-VIS tests of the new salts dissolved in water revealed a significant improvement in their solubility, which could improve their bioavailability in therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Indigo Naturalis Prepared Using a Novel Method: Therapeutic Effects on Experimental Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.","authors":"Xianxiang Xu, Lin Lin, Wenjie Ning, Xinyi Zhou, Aftab Ullah, Huiyong Yang, Xunxun Wu, Yong Diao","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Indigo naturalis (IN) is a traditional Chinese medicine concocted from medicinal plants such as <i>Baphicacanthus cusia</i> (Nees) Bremek. IN has multifaceted pharmacological activities. Recent research highlights the remarkable efficacy of IN in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigates the efficacy of Indigo Naturalis prepared using a novel method (NIN) in ameliorating UC. <b>Methods</b>: We have developed a new IN processing technology without the use of lime. Correspondingly, the content of active ingredients has relatively increased in NIN. In this study, dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced UC models among male KM mice, and the protective effects of NIN on UC were verified. <b>Results</b>: NIN could significantly improve weight loss, diarrhea and prolapse, bloody stools, elevated Disease Activity Index (DAI) and alleviate the colitis symptoms of mice; it could also improve the shortening of colon, disappearance of intestinal crypts, epithelial cell destruction and inflammatory infiltration caused by UC; and it could also significantly reduce the Histological Index (HI). In addition, NIN relieved the inflammatory response by decreasing the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and elevating the content of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-22. It also restored the intestinal mucosal barrier by increasing the level of MUC2 protein expression at the site of colonic injury. <b>Conclusions</b>: The significant effects of NIN on UC were verified for the first time, suggesting that NIN was worth further developing into a novel therapeutic drug and, necessarily, further safety evaluations and comparisons with traditional IN will help in the application of NIN.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Green Integrated Approach to Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles Derived from <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>.","authors":"Andreia Corciova, Cornelia Mircea, Adrian Fifere, Ioana-Andreea Turin Moleavin, Ana Flavia Burlec, Bianca Ivanescu, Ana-Maria Vlase, Monica Hancianu, Irina Macovei","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study reports the green synthesis, optimization, characterization, and multifunctional evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an ethanolic <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> berry extract. The objective was to establish optimal synthesis conditions; assess the in vitro stability; and evaluate the antioxidant, photocatalytic, and photoprotective activities. <b>Methods</b>: The cytogenotoxic effects of the AgNPs were evaluated on <i>Triticum aestivum</i> roots. The AgNPs were synthesized via bioreduction using an ethanolic extract of <i>A. melanocarpa</i> under varied pH, AgNO₃ concentration, extract/AgNO₃ ratio, temperature, and stirring time, with optimization guided by UV-Vis spectral analysis. The AgNPs were further characterized by FTIR, DLS, TEM, and EDX. In vitro stability was evaluated over six months in different dispersion media (ultrapure water; 5% NaCl; and PBS at pH 6, 7, and 8). Biological assessments included antioxidant assays (lipoxygenase inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelation, and hydroxyl radical scavenging), photocatalytic dye degradation, and SPF determination. <b>Results</b>: Optimal synthesis was achieved at pH 8, 3 mM AgNO₃, extract/AgNO₃ ratio of 1:9, 40 °C, and 240 min stirring. The AgNPs were spherical (TEM), well dispersed (PDI = 0.32), and highly stable (zeta potential = -40.71 mV). PBS pH 6 and 7 ensured the best long-term colloidal stability. The AgNPs displayed strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity, with superior lipoxygenase inhibition (EC₅₀ = 18.29 µg/mL) and the effective photocatalytic degradation of dyes under sunlight. Photoprotective properties were confirmed through UV absorption analysis. The AgNPs showed a strong antimitotic effect on wheat root cells. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study demonstrates that <i>A. melanocarpa</i>-mediated AgNPs are stable, biologically active, and suitable for potential biomedical, cosmetic, and environmental applications, reinforcing the relevance of plant-based nanotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}