Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Plasma Versus Whole Blood Tacrolimus Concentrations and Health-Related Quality of Life in Kidney Transplant Recipients.","authors":"Svea Nolte, J Casper Swarte, Tim J Knobbe, Ilja M Nolte, Tanja R Zijp, Harmen R Moes, Marco van Londen, Niels L Riemersma, Johannes R Björk, Rinse K Weersma, Gea Drost, Stefan P Berger, Daan J Touw, Stephan J L Bakker","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050590","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Tacrolimus dosing traditionally relies on therapeutic drug monitoring in whole blood, while assessment in plasma may better reflect its effect and reveal overdosing impacting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). <b>Methods</b>: In this cross-sectional study, 898 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who were at least 12 months post-transplantation were included. Plasma and whole blood tacrolimus concentrations were compared using Passing-Bablok regression analyses and Bland-Altman plots. Furthermore, the relationship with daily tacrolimus dose and with HRQoL (mental component summary (MCS), physical component summary (PCS)) was explored using linear regression by comparing standardized coefficients. Lastly, mediation analyses explored the effect of various tacrolimus-related side effects on the association between tacrolimus concentrations and HRQoL. <b>Results</b>: Comparison of the methods revealed a constant bias and a slight proportional bias between whole blood and plasma tacrolimus concentrations. The Bland-Altman plots indicated poor agreement with a statistically significant ratio difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Both whole blood and plasma concentrations were significantly associated with daily tacrolimus dose (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared to whole blood tacrolimus concentrations, plasma tacrolimus concentration showed a strong negative association with worse HRQoL (PCS: st. β = -0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.01; MCS: st. β = -0.14, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The associations between plasma tacrolimus concentrations and HRQoL were mediated by fatigue severity (proportion mediated on PCS: 67.8%, MCS: 59.5%) and reduced kidney function (proportion mediated on PCS: 16.7%, MCS: 12.9%). <b>Conclusions</b>: In conclusion, compared with whole blood tacrolimus concentrations, plasma tacrolimus concentrations exhibited a negative association with HRQoL in KTRs. Consequently, therapeutic drug monitoring using plasma tacrolimus concentrations may reduce the occurrence of tacrolimus-related toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Myco-Nanomaterial Products from <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> (Agaricomycetes) Mushroom via Pyrolysis.","authors":"Gréta Törős, Áron Béni, Andrea Kovács Balláné, Dávid Semsey, Aya Ferroudj, József Prokisch","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The study aimed to develop a sustainable method for producing myco-nanomaterials, particularly fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs), from freeze-dried <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> (Agaricomycetes) mushroom powder via pyrolysis. The goal was to investigate how pyrolysis conditions affect CND characteristics and their potential antimicrobial properties. Mushroom powder was pyrolyzed at temperatures ranging from 150 to 240 °C. The resulting products were analyzed for yield, molecular weight, fluorescence intensity, and estimated CND concentration in relation to the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Antibacterial activity was tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Product yield decreased from 13.20% at 150 °C to 0.80% at 240 °C. Molecular weight peaked at 200 °C (623.20 kDa), while maximum fluorescence intensity (739.40 A.U.) was observed at 210 °C. A strong positive correlation (R² = 0.72) was found between the C/N ratio and estimated CND concentration. Antimicrobial testing revealed notable inhibition of <i>E. coli,</i> associated with higher fluorescence intensity and CND content. Pyrolyzed <i>P. ostreatus</i> mushroom powder offers a promising, eco-friendly platform for producing luminescent, carbonaceous nanomaterials with antibacterial potential. These non-purified, myco-derived nanomaterials may contribute to green nanotechnology development and antimicrobial strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Advances for Protein-Based Pickering Emulsions as Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Long Deng, Junqiu Liao, Weiqi Liu, Xiaoxiao Liang, Rujin Zhou, Yanbin Jiang","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050587","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnologically engineered protein-based carriers have attracted considerable attention in the pharmaceutical field due to the advantages of superior biocompatibility, tunability and good emulsifying properties. Recently, protein-based Pickering emulsions (PPEs) systems with multi-level structures have been introduced as innovative colloidal delivery systems for advanced drug encapsulation, protection, delivery and controlled release. Natural source protein nanoparticles are promising candidates to provide a wide range of functional performances and interfacial properties in the preparation and stabilization of Pickering emulsions. Herein, this review summarizes the development of PPEs in drug delivery systems, focusing on the research progress concerning the aspects of protein particle preparation methods, formation mechanisms and rational design principles, emphasizing the relationship between protein particle structure and functional properties. To further understand the interfacial behavior in protein nanoparticle stabilized emulsion, the mesoscopic dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations were discussed, which bridges the gaps between macroscopic time and length scales, as well as molecular-scale simulations on particles and oil/water interface systems. The structure-effect relationship between the tunable physicochemical properties of protein-based interface design, which leads to the effective loading, stimuli-responsiveness for the controlled release and multiple delivery, was then summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future development of PPEs for drug delivery are discussed. This review aims to provide a reference for the further application of PPEs as advanced drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Rasool et al. Non-Invasive Delivery of Nano-Emulsified Sesame Oil-Extract of Turmeric Attenuates Lung Inflammation. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 1206.","authors":"Sahibzada Tasleem Rasool, Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala, Umasankar Kulandaivelu, Nagaraja Sreeharsha","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 8 as published [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethosome-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery: Its Structural Components, Preparation Techniques, and Therapeutic Applications Across Metabolic, Chronic, and Oncological Conditions.","authors":"Rashed M Almuqbil, Bandar Aldhubiab","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) provide a non-invasive alternative to oral and parenteral routes, delivering drugs into the bloodstream while avoiding gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism. Despite benefits like enhanced bioavailability and patient compliance, the stratum corneum limits drug permeation. Ethosomes overcome the stratum corneum barrier with superior flexibility and permeability compared to liposomes. Ethanol disrupts the skin's lipid bilayer, enabling deep penetration and efficient drug delivery. Ethosomes offer high entrapment efficiency and stability, delivering both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. However, challenges like stability optimization and clinical translation persist. This review examines the structural components, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications of ethosomes in metabolic and chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, arthritis, and cancers. Moreover, it highlights the potential of ethosomes to revolutionize TDDSs for managing chronic and metabolic diseases, providing a foundation for further research and clinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Theoretical Solubility Calculations and Thermal and Spectroscopic Measurements to Guide the Processing of Triamcinolone Acetonide by Hot-Melt Extrusion.","authors":"Pedro A Granados, Idejan P Gross, Patrícia Medeiros-Souza, Livia L Sá-Barreto, Guilherme M Gelfuso, Tais Gratieri, Marcilio Cunha-Filho","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a poorly water-soluble corticosteroid, presents formulation challenges due to limited membrane permeability. This study aimed to identify suitable drug-polymer-plasticizer systems for TA using combined theoretical and experimental methods. <b>Methods</b>: Using Hansen solubility parameters, seven hot-melt extrusion (HME)-grade polymers and four plasticizers were initially screened for miscibility with TA. Based on Δδt values, four polymers-Eudragit^® L100 (EUD), Parteck^® MXP (PVA), Plasdone^® S-630 (PVPVA), and Aquasolve™ AS-MG (HPMCAS)-along with triethyl citrate (TEC), were selected for experimental evaluation. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assessed thermal behavior, miscibility, and chemical compatibility. <b>Results</b>: Amorphous TA content was highest with EUD (81.1%), followed by PVA (67.5%), PVPVA (45.6%), and HPMCAS (8.5%). Thermal incompatibility and TEC evaporation were observed in PVA, PVPVA, and HPMCAS systems. FTIR suggested TEC should be avoided in melt-based formulations with PVA and PVPVA due to PVA degradation and partial TA oxidation. No significant interactions were detected in HPMCAS samples heated to 220 °C, aligning with theoretical predictions. In contrast, the EUD-TEC system showed limited chemical reactivity and maintained TA's structural integrity. Infrared bands at 1758 and 1802 cm^-1 indicated minor anhydride formation above 160 °C with partial TEC evaporation. <b>Conclusions</b>: EUD/TEC were identified as a promising combination for the HME processing of TA. This work supports the rational formulation of stable amorphous systems for thermolabile drugs with poor solubility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Alopecia Treatment: Plant Extracts, Nanocarriers, and 3D Bioprinting in Focus.","authors":"Rana E Elnady, Manar S Abdon, Hagar R Shaheen, Reem M Eladawy, Yasmena O Azar, Seham M Al Raish","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050584","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alopecia is a concerning dermatological issue and is also known as alopecia. This disease can affect men and women, influencing their confidence and appearance. It targets the scalp or any area of the entire body. Alopecia has become widespread worldwide over the years and has many types and different causes: hereditary, hormonal, immunological, therapeutic, or psychological. This review will present a comprehensive study of the physiological structure of hair and the different growth and shedding phases. It discusses using nano-drug delivery systems that contain natural substances of plant origin, which are effective, less harmful compared to current treatments, and help avoid adverse effects. This review also covers the latest trends in treating alopecia, including drug delivery systems, the materials and methods used to prepare these systems, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting strategies, and plant extracts that may be utilized for treatment in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Pharmacogenetics on High-Dose Methotrexate Toxicity in Pediatric Oncology.","authors":"Luciana Maria Marangoni-Iglecias, Almudena Sánchez-Martin, Laura Elena Pineda-Lancheros, Yasmín Cura, Noelia Marquez-Pete, José María Gálvez-Navas, Nerea Báez-Gutiérrez, Adrián Manuel de La Jara-Vera, Emilia Urrutia-Maldonado, Cristina Pérez-Ramírez, Alberto Jiménez-Morales","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Childhood cancers represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies and remain one of the leading causes of mortality among children under 14 years of age, ranking second only to accidental injuries, and fourth among individuals aged 15 to 19 years. Despite notable improvements in cure rates, a substantial proportion of patients experience acute or long-term toxicities associated with treatment. Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, has been employed effectively for over six decades in the management of pediatric malignancies. High-dose methotrexate constitutes a cornerstone of pediatric cancer therapy; however, its clinical utility is frequently constrained by dose-limiting toxicities. <b>Objectives:</b> This study investigates the impact of genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in nucleotide metabolism, as well as methotrexate and folate metabolic pathways, on treatment-related toxicity in childhood cancer. <b>Methods:</b> Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, 14 polymorphisms across 12 genes were analyzed in a cohort of 107 patients. Toxicity was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v. 5.0. <b>Results:</b> Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the male sex (<i>p</i> = 0.3) and the AA genotype of <i>MTHFD1</i> rs2236225 were associated with grade III-IV gastrointestinal toxicity (<i>p</i> = 0.03), while the A allele of <i>MTHFR</i> rs1801133 and the AA genotype of <i>GSTP1</i> rs1695 were associated with grade I-IV hematologic toxicity (<i>p</i> < 0.01 and <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is a critical agent in the treatment of childhood cancers. Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms within methotrexate and folate metabolic pathways may serve as potential predictive biomarkers of treatment-related toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, Comparisons, and Safety Profiles of Slow-Release Therapies in Glaucoma.","authors":"Marco Zeppieri, Caterina Gagliano, Daniele Tognetto, Mutali Musa, Federico Bernardo Rossi, Angelo Greggio, Giuliano Gualandi, Alessandro Galan, Silvia Babighian","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma, a primary cause of irreversible blindness, is most effectively managed by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). Topical eye drops, which are conventional treatments, frequently encounter constraints regarding patient compliance, inconsistent dosage, and tolerability. Slow-release drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising innovation in response to these challenges. The objective of these systems is to enhance the efficacy of treatment and patient compliance by ensuring the consistent and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents over extended periods. Implantable devices, injectable formulations, and external applications are all categorized as slow-release therapies. By delivering medication directly to the target tissues in a controlled manner, these technologies have the potential to circumvent common issues associated with traditional regimens, such as forgotten doses or improper administration. These systems have been shown to obtain clinically meaningful reductions in IOP in studies, with some demonstrating efficacy that is comparable to that of established daily topical treatments. Despite their potential, slow-release therapies encounter obstacles that necessitate resolution. Potential complications during implantation or removal, long-term biocompatibility, and the cost of treatment are all areas of concern. Furthermore, further investigation is required to comprehensively assess their relative economic feasibility, patient acceptability, and long-term safety profiles in comparison to conventional treatments. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the scientific literature, underlining the role and possible limits of slow-release therapies in glaucoma with the aim of offering a comprehensive understanding of their potential clinical applications and challenges. This emphasizes the potential for these innovations to revolutionize care by addressing current knowledge gaps, while also emphasizing the areas in which further development and research are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Natural Wound Healing Therapy: Honey and <i>Calendula officinalis</i> Loaded κ-Carrageenan Films with Promising Hemostatic Potential.","authors":"Jovana S Vuković, Srđan Perišić, Anja Nikolić, Ivan Milošević, Milorad Mirilović, Bogomir Bolka Prokić, Tijana Lužajić Božinovski","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050578","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17050578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Efficient wound treatment embraces the management of four overlapping phases, starting with hemostasis, an immediate physiological response aimed at stopping bleeding from damaged blood vessels caused by skin injury. This paper proposes an innovative, nature-based hemostatic biomaterial designed to assist natural self-healing regenerative mechanisms. <b>Methods</b>: Light, transparent, and skin-adhesive films based on κ-carrageenan, meadow polyfloral honey, and <i>Calendula officinalis</i> flower extract were fabricated via solution casting. Comprehensive characterization revealed the physicochemical, structural, swelling, and barrier properties and the influence of each bioactive compound utilized for film preparation. <b>Results</b>: The samples subcutaneously implanted in Wistar rats induced vascularization, deposition of collagen, and orientation of collagen fibers while being fully phagocytosed and gradually biodegraded. The rat tail-cut model demonstrated that the films significantly reduced blood loss (0.1875 ± 0.0732 g) compared to the control (0.7837 ± 0.3319 g), and hemostasis was achieved notably faster (355.75 ± 71.42 s) than in the control group (704.25 ± 85.29 s). The rat liver punch biopsy model confirmed reduced blood loss (2.8025 ± 1.5174 g) and shorter time to hemostasis (303.25 ± 77.90 s) compared to the control (3.1475 ± 1.5413 g, 383.00 ± 36.53 s). <b>Conclusions</b>: The results indicate the great potential of the fabricated films as hemostatic wound dressings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}