Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Clinical Practice to Calculated Risks: A Retrospective Study on Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Level-1 Hospital.","authors":"Erick F Mayer, Liborio Paz, Ariadna Rubio, Edgar Eslava, Maria Ribes, Anna Miralles, Laura Gerones, Jose M Inoriza","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004899","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, traditionally assessed through categorical risk factors. We explore the current incidence of EONS and evaluate the Kaiser Permanente neonatal sepsis calculator's impact on newborn management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study (2017-2022) at Hospital de Palamós involved 4782 live births. High-risk newborns were identified through International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes and blood culture results. Clinical and cost data were collected, and the Kaiser Permanente calculator's recommendations were compared with clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1533 high-risk newborns, 4 had confirmed clinical sepsis (0.84/1000 live births). The calculator recommended routine care for 2. Lowering the screening threshold improved sepsis case identification without a significant increase in interventions. Based on the modified recommendations, clinical observation would have been indicated in 763 (89.7%) of newborns who had a blood culture, in 57 (57%) of newborns who had a lumbar puncture done, and in 69 (56.1%) of newborns who received empiric antibiotics. Compliance correlated with shorter hospital stays [2.5 days (SD, 1.3) vs. 2.9 days (SD, 1.6), P < 0.001] and lower costs [884.1€ (SD, 307.4) vs. 1075.1€ (SD 521.8), P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Kaiser Permanente calculator, while effective for asymptomatic newborns, required adjustments for those with suggestive clinical signs. Adherence to modified recommendations showed potential benefits, including optimized resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1114-1119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Challenges and Future Directions for RSV Prevention Strategies in Japan.","authors":"Chikara Ogimi, Tatsuki Ikuse, Yuta Aizawa, Sayaka Takanashi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004936","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, particularly those under 6 months of age. In Japan, RSV seasonality in temperate regions has recently shifted from traditional winter peaks to more year-round circulation, with this change most pronounced in higher latitude areas such as Hokkaido, where outbreaks increasingly peak in summer. Japan has recently approved 2 RSV prevention tools: nirsevimab for infants and a maternal vaccine. However, challenges remain: maternal vaccines require out-of-pocket payment, and nirsevimab is reimbursed only for high-risk infants under national insurance and must be administered during the RSV season. These limitations call for policy and system-level improvements to ensure equitable access. A season-independent, risk-based prevention strategy-such as maternal vaccination at or after 28 weeks' gestation and nirsevimab for preterm or otherwise unvaccinated infants-may help optimize protection while minimizing overlap. Adapting implementation strategies to Japan's shifting epidemiology will be essential to efficiently protect all infants. Japan's experience may also provide insights for other countries facing changes in RSV transmission patterns and planning broader prevention approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e400-e406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periorbital Necrotizing Fasciitis in a Child Without a Predisposing Factor.","authors":"Aylin Dizi Işik, Seyhan Yilmaz, Pinar Canizci Erdemli, Didem Büyüktaş Aytaç, Meryem Çağla Abaci Çapar, Hüsnü Can Yaşar, Emre Sözen, Volkan Dericioğlu, Sevliya Öcal Demir, Gülşen Akkoç","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004895","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e430-e431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Nontyphoidal Salmonella Osteomyelitis of the Patella Originating from Prepatellar Bursitis in an Immunocompetent 7-Year-old Boy.","authors":"Kazuma Shinno, Tatsuki Ikuse, Koushin Kuroki, Yoko Anami, Reiko Okamoto, Hiroshi Masuda, Takanobu Maekawa, Yoshitaka Eguchi, Mitsuru Kubota, Chikara Ogimi, Akira Ishiguro","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004875","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004875","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e427-e428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability and Antiviral Activity of Switching to Oral Rilpivirine in Combination With Other Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed Children Living With HIV-1 Infection: Forty-eight-week Results From the Phase 2, Open-label, Single-arm, PICTURE Study.","authors":"Johan Lombaard, Francis Ssali, Visal Moolasart, Alfredo Guarino, Raffaele Badolato, Stefania Bernardi, Margarida Tavares, Claudia Fortuny, Linda Aurpibul, Supattra Rungmaitree, Rodica Van Solingen-Ristea, Veerle Van Eygen, Sandy Van Hemelryck, Alberto Russu, Ken Kurosawa, Minaka Shibuya, Simon Vanveggel, Erika Van Landuyt","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004943","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>PICTURE (NCT04012931) was a phase 2, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study evaluating pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, tolerability and antiviral activity of oral rilpivirine in combination with other antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children living with HIV-1 with virologic suppression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children (≥2 to <12 years, ≥10 kg) living with HIV-1, virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on a stable ART were enrolled. Weight-based rilpivirine [25 mg once-daily (qd) for ≥25 kg, 15 mg (6 × 2.5 mg) qd for 20 kg to <25 kg and 12.5 mg (5 × 2.5 mg) qd for 10 to <20 kg in film-coated or investigational dispersible tablet formulations] was administered orally in combination with background ART for 48 weeks. The primary objectives were evaluation of rilpivirine steady-state PK, determination of an appropriate weight-based dose, and safety and tolerability when combined with other ARTs. Results of the primary (week 24) and final (week 48) analyses are presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 40 participants screened, 26 (65%) were enrolled and treated with rilpivirine. All participants completed the week 48 visit and were included in the final analysis. PK parameters were observed to be in the target range for all rilpivirine weight-based doses. Through week 48, 19/26 (73.1%) participants had ≥1 adverse event; all grade 1-2 and none were treatment related. All 26 participants (100%) receiving rilpivirine in combination with ART remained virologically suppressed at both weeks 24 and 48. Adherence to treatment was 98.99%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rilpivirine in combination with background ART was well-tolerated and maintained virologic suppression from baseline through week 48 in the studied population of children living with HIV-1. Rilpivirine exposure was within the target range for all doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1072-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic of Pediatric Invasive Bacterial Infections in Switzerland: A 2017-2024 Time-series Analysis of National Data.","authors":"Manon Jaboyedoff, Anita Niederer-Loher, Christian R Kahlert, Pierre Alex Crisinel, François Angoulvant","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004886","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This nationwide, population-based, time-series analysis of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in Swiss children shows that vaccine-preventable IBIs were less affected by nonpharmaceutical interventions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared with invasive group A streptococcal infections. These findings emphasize the distinct epidemiological dynamics of bacterial pathogens in response to public health measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e419-e421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intention to Use RSVpreF Vaccine or Nirsevimab to Prevent Infant RSV Among Pregnant Individuals.","authors":"Timothy Callaghan, Lauren A Wise, Annette K Regan","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004889","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants in the United States. While 2 new immunization products have been developed to prevent RSV in infants-RSVpreF vaccine (a prefusion F protein-based vaccine for pregnant individuals) and nirsevimab (a monoclonal antibody for infants)-intended uptake of these products is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate intended uptake of each product and their correlates among pregnant individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a nationally representative survey of pregnant individuals weighted to the US population of births between September 20 and October 3, 2023. Primary outcomes included whether each participant intended to receive RSVpreF vaccine during pregnancy or immunize their infant with nirsevimab; beliefs about product safety, effectiveness and importance; and reasons for hesitancy. We used logistic regression to identify correlates of intent and product support, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, political orientation and psychological dispositions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 45% of participants intended to receive RSVpreF vaccine during their pregnancy, and 51% of participants intended to give their infants nirsevimab; 41% did not intend to use either product. Intention to use RSVpreF vaccine or nirsevimab was higher among those who were previously aware of the products and who viewed each product as safe, effective and important. Common reasons for hesitancy included concerns about side effects, impacts on infants and the immunizations being too new.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health communication interventions that increase awareness about RSV immunizations and highlight their safety, effectiveness and importance are needed to increase intended uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1126-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin Use and Treatment Outcomes in Congenital Syphilis Patients.","authors":"Ali Goldensoph, Grant Stimes, Ryan Rochat","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004885","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To identify areas for improvement, this retrospective observational analysis examines syphilis treatment and subsequent follow-up practices amid a nationwide intramuscular penicillin G benzathine (BPG) shortage. Outcomes from 94 neonates confirm the value of BPG in the management of congenital syphilis, reveal opportunities for provider education and highlight the need to reserve BPG for neonates in times of shortage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e422-e424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Neutropenia in Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus on Antiviral Therapy.","authors":"Vassiliki Papaevangelou, Roberto Pedrero-Tomé, Garyfallia Syridou, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Paula Rodríguez-Molino, Teresa Del Rosal, Antoni Noguera-Julián, María Ríos-Barnés, Claudia Fortuny, Serena Villaverde, María Antoinnette Frick, Beatriz Álvarez Vallejo, Pere Soler-Palacín, Jesús Saavedra, Elena Rincón, Sofia Karagiannidou, Itziar Sota Busselo, Oihana Muga Zuriarrain, Elisenda Moliner Calderón, Alfredo Tagarro, María Malumbres, Elena Colino, Elisa Garrote Llanos, Ana Menasalvas Ruiz, Miguel Sánchez Mateos, Xavier Bringué Espuny, Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena, Laura Ferreras-Antolin, Irene Cuadrado Pérez, Ana Filgueira Posse, Hermione Lyall, Daniel Blázquez-Gamero","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004905","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe European real-life experience of severe neutropenia (SN) during ganciclovir (GCV) and/or valganciclovir (VGCV) treatment in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection and identify risk factors associated with the development of SN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter retrospective cohort study from the European cCMVnet registry included infants with confirmed cCMV infection treated since 2011 with GCV and/or VGCV. Details of treatment, including age at initiation, route of administration and duration, are described. Prevalence and risk factors associated with the development of SN, defined as neutrophil count of <500 cells/mm 3 , were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 566 children with confirmed cCMV treated with antivirals were included; 165 (29.7%) were born prematurely (gestational age <37 weeks). Administration of intravenous GCV, alone or in combination with oral VGCV, was associated with prematurity and date of birth before 2017. SN occurred in 102 infants (18%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 2 independent risk factors for the development of SN: prematurity almost doubled the risk of developing SN [odds ratio (OR) = 1.961; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.163-3.300], while the risk of developing SN increased by 11% for every 1000 neutrophils decrease in the absolute neutrophil count at baseline (OR = 1.104; 95% CI: 1.031-1.192). When term newborns were analyzed alone, baseline absolute neutrophil count remained an important risk factor for developing SN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In children with cCMV treated with GCV/VGCV prematurity and low pretreatment neutrophil counts are associated with an increased risk of developing SN. This is important for patient management, and when informing parents about treatment side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1044-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neurologic Manifestations in Hospitalized Children Diagnosed With Acute SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C in Indonesia.","authors":"Setyo Handryastuti, Achmad Rafli, Amanda Soebadi, Irawan Mangunatmadja, Asep Aulia Rahman, Anidar, Rahmi Lestari, Msy Rita Dewi, Anna Tjandrajani, Dedi Ria Saputra, Mia Milanti Dewi, Alifiani Hikmah Putranti, Elisabeth Siti Herini, Prastiya Indra Gunawan, I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba, Hadia Angriani, Praevilia Salendu","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004919","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic is a prevalent condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies have shown that affected patients can experience neurologic manifestations. This study aims to analyze the frequency, early impact and risk factors for neurologic manifestations in hospitalized children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study of neurologic manifestations in children who were hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 test or clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-related condition and MIS-C between June 2020 and June 2023. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify the risk factors for neurologic manifestations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1397 children analyzed, 1283 (91.8%) and 114 (8.2%) were diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C, respectively. The results showed that neurologic manifestations occurred in 51.2% of patients, with seizures (26.3%) and acute encephalopathy (17.5%) being the most common in the overall cohort. A total of 25% of children received ICU care, where patients with acute SARS Co-V-2 and nonneurologic manifestations were more admitted to ICU compared with those suffering from MIS-C and neurologic manifestations ( P < 0.0001). The overall mortality in this study was 16.1%, and most deaths were observed in patients with neurologic manifestations (26.3%). Based on the multivariable logistic regression in the overall cohort, younger age, fever, anorexia, and preexisting neurology, respiratory and renal urology conditions were associated with neurologic manifestations ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that neurologic manifestations were common among children hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1079-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}