Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Postnatal Zika and Dengue Infection and their Effects on Neurodevelopment Among Children Living in Rural Guatemala.","authors":"Edwin J Asturias, Amy K Connery, Daniel Olson, Molly M Lamb, Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Evan J Anderson, Chris Focht, Alison M Colbert, Muktha Natrajan, Jesse J Waggoner, Erin Scherer, D Mirella Calvimontes, Guillermo A Bolaños, Desirée Bauer, Paola Arroyave, Sara Hernández, Maria A Martinez, Aida V Ralda, Neudy Rojop, Edgar E Barrios, Andrea Chacon, Walla Dempsey, Kay M Tomashek, Wendy A Keitel, Hana M El Sahly, Flor M Muñoz","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004646","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to microcephaly and adverse neurodevelopment. The effects of postnatal ZIKV infection on the developing brain are unknown. We assessed the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children exposed postnatally during the ZIKV epidemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study enrolled infants 0-3 months of age and their mothers, and children 1.5-3.5 years of age in rural Guatemala from 2017 and were followed for 12 months until 2019. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) infections were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using active surveillance. Serological analyses, stratified by age group flavivirus serostatus at enrollment, were conducted using a focus reduction neutralization test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1371 enrolled participants, 1187 (86.6%) completed the study. No PCR-confirmed ZIKV infections were identified during the study period. One-third of 1.5-3.5-year-old children were ZIKV-seropositive at enrollment (likely postnatal infection). Twenty participants (5.8%) tested positive for DENV by PCR (11 infants, 5 children and 4 mothers); 15 (75%) were DENV-3 infections and 5 were DENV-2. The incidence of DENV infection in infants was 2.6%. No significant differences in MSEL scores were found between infants born seropositive versus seronegative for ZIKV or DENV. DENV seropositivity at enrollment in 1.5-5-year-old children was associated with lower MSEL scores for fine motor, visual reception and language, and microcephaly at 12 months versus seronegative children (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postnatal ZIKV infection in children from rural Guatemala was not associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. DENV seropositivity was associated with a higher risk of microcephaly in infants and worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"290-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites in Children With Egg White Sensitization.","authors":"Chien-Chang Chen, Yuan-Ming Yeh, Kun-Jei Chen, Hung-Ju Chang, Mei-Ling Cheng, Chi-Jen Lo, Hsin-Chih Lai","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004628","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We hypothesized that food sensitization in children could be linked to specific gut microbiota. The objective of this study is to assess a group of children with egg white sensitization (ES) from the microbiological and biochemical-metabolic standpoint, applying the microbiota and metabolomics approach to studying the intestinal contents of the feces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight toddlers with ES (mean age 13.08 months) and 24 healthy controls (mean age 12.85 months) were recruited for feces collection, serum IgE measurement, gut microbiota and metabolomics analysis. Individual microbial diversity and composition were analyzed via targeting the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V3-V5 regions. The metabolite profiles of human feces were explored by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with ES exhibited relatively high levels of Firmicutes at the phylum level and relatively low levels of Bacteroidetes. Moreover, children with ES exhibited significantly reduced overall gut microbiota diversity and richness compared with healthy children. At the family level, we observed significant increases in the numbers of Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Pasteurellaceae and Ruminococcaceae in children with ES. Egg white sensitivity increases orotic acid, nicotinate, methyl succinate, urocanic acid, xanthine, amino acids (tyrosine, lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) and short-chain fatty acids ( n -butyrate, valerate) levels according to the results of metabolomics analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, some specific families and genera (dysbiosis) are enriched in the gut microbiota, and increases in the mean concentrations of organic compounds in the fecal metabolite profile are associated with ES in children. These findings may provide evidence of potential strategies to control the development of ES or other atopies by modifying the gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kingella kingae' s Sequence-type Complex-23/25 Exhibits Cardiac and Central Nervous System Tropism.","authors":"Pablo Yagupsky","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004663","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosing, Toxicity and Drug Concentrations for Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir in Preterm and Low Birthweight Infants Treated for Cytomegalovirus.","authors":"Asrar Abu Bakar, Helen Payne, Neil Tickner, Muhd Alwi Muhd Helmi, Tom G Jacobs, Hermione Lyall","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004605","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of data regarding suitable dosage when administering intravenous ganciclovir (GCV) or oral valganciclovir (valGCV) to preterm and low birthweight infants with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected for infants born before 32 weeks gestation and/or weighing less than 1.8 kg treated for CMV disease with GCV or valGCV between 2016 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four infants (58% males and 48% Asian ethnicity) with a median gestation of 31 weeks [interquartile range (IQR): 26.6-36.1], median weight of 950 g (IQR: 470-1692) and median age of 45 days (IQR: 6-84) at initiation of treatment were included. Seventeen infants were treated for symptomatic postnatal CMV and 7 for symptomatic congenital CMV. Most infants receiving GCV had 6 mg/kg twice daily dosing and most receiving valGCV had 16 mg/kg twice daily dosing. Fourteen infants had drug concentrations measured with combined geometric mean minimum blood plasma concentration (Cmin) of 2.44 mg/L and maximum blood plasma concentration of 7.98 mg/L for doses of 6 mg/kg GCV and 16 mg/kg valGCV, which is higher compared with term infants. The estimated area under the curve at 12 hours (AUC0-12h) was 54.34 mg × h/L, which doubled the value for term infants in a previous study. Notably, AUC0-12h had an inverse relationship with gestational age and weight. Infants with lower gestation and higher Cmin showed a higher tendency for more than 1 adverse effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GCV and valGCV use among preterm and very low birthweight infants with CMV disease resulted in a higher incidence of adverse events, increased AUC0-12h and elevated Cmin compared with term infants. Further pharmacokinetic studies are necessary to determine the ideal dosage in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":"319-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bartonella quintana Endocarditis Associated With Head Lice in a Canadian Indigenous Youth.","authors":"Dara Petel, Alyssa Power, Manal Tadros, Valerie Waters","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004664","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bartonella quintana is a rare but important cause of culture-negative endocarditis, classically associated with body lice infestation. We report the first known pediatric case of Bartonella quintana endocarditis associated with head lice. The importance of sending targeted testing for this organism in at-risk patients, ideally on tissue specimens, is emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e122-e123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Nirsevimab on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Hospitalized Infants: A Real-World Study.","authors":"Eric Jeziorski, Antoine Ouziel, Marie Cotillon, Constance Bridonneau, Etienne Bizot, Clément Basse, Aurélie Portefaix, François Dubos, Stéphane Béchet, Lea Domitien, Carine Jaillet, Sorin Abrudan, Rolf Kramer, Vincent Gajdos, Elise Launay, Romain Basmaci, Yves Gillet, Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004630","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regarding nirsevimab immunization status, among 1085 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis, the odds of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis were 4.7 times higher for nonimmunized children. Immunized infants were less likely to require oxygen supplementation (20.2% vs. 30.6%, P = 0.02) and had a 1-day shorter hospital stay. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis was less frequent and less severe in infants immunized with nirsevimab.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e124-e126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infantile Pasteurella multocida Meningitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Christian Inglis, Sophie C H Wen, Vishal Kapoor","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of deep-seated pediatric infections including osteomyelitis and meningitis. We report a case of P. multocida meningitis from Queensland, with a comprehensive review of literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three databases were searched for infants < 12 months of age with confirmed P. multocida meningitis. Mode of transmission, clinical and laboratory features, imaging, treatment and complications were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors for outcomes including short-term neurologic complications, any long-term complications and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 74 infants were included, with most cases occurring from indirect household animal contact (42/74; 61%). Bacteremia (38/74; 51%) and seizures (15/74, 20%) were common complications with mortality in 6 children (8%). Young infant age appeared to be the single most important risk factor for bacteremia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infantile P. multocida meningitis although rare has potentially devastating complications. Younger infants are more likely to develop concomitant bacteremia. Household hand hygiene is imperative after trivial interactions with pets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":"287-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Encephalitis in a Pediatric Patient: An Unusual Presentation of a Common Disease in Endemic Areas.","authors":"Juan Jose Londono-Aranzazu, Ivan Felipe Tobar-Gutierrez, Juan Pablo Londono-Ruiz","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004662","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e149-e150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of HIV and Malaria in Pregnancy on Pertussis-specific Antibodies and Transplacental Antibody Transfer: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study in Mozambican Pregnant Women and Their Infants.","authors":"Azucena Bardají, Carlota Dobaño, Selena Alonso, Anifa Vala, P Efrain Pantoja, Marta Vidal, Sonia Maculuve, Arsenio Nhacolo, María Rupérez, Alba Morató, Llorenç Quintó, Esperança Sevene, Eusebio Macete, Alfredo Mayor, Clara Menéndez, Gemma Moncunill, Raquel González","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004647","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection during pregnancy may affect maternal and infant immunity against childhood diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal HIV and malaria on maternal and infant pertussis immunity and placental antibody transfer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted in mother-infant pairs in Mozambique. Peripheral and cord blood samples were collected for pertussis-specific immune assays. Maternal HIV serostatus and Plasmodium falciparum infection were assessed. The placental transfer was assessed using cord-to-mother ratios of IgG against pertussis toxin (PT), pertactin (PRN) and fimbriae 2/3 (FIM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 270 mother-infant pairs were included: 99 mothers with HIV and 40 mothers with malaria. Pregnant women with HIV showed a reduction in placental transfer [PT: 12.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6-21.7, P = 0.015; PRN: 14.6%, 95% CI: 6.3-22.1, P = 0.001; and FIM: 7.5%, 95% CI: -6.6 to 19.7, P = 0.282] compared with women without HIV. A trend toward reduction in IgG transfer was observed among women with malaria (PT: 9.5%, 95% CI: -4.2 to 21.4, P = 0.165; PRN: 5.0%, 95% CI: -7.0 to 15.7, P = 0.394; and FIM: 15.9%, 95% CI: -0.9 to 30.0, P = 0.062) compared with those without. Maternal HIV infection (odds ratio: 4.43, 95% CI: 2.14-9.1; P < 0.001) and high viral load (odds ratio: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.4-12.2; P = 0.033) were associated with impaired placental transfer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal HIV infection is associated with lower mother-to-infant transfer of pertussis antibodies. While efforts continue in the health care of pregnant women with HIV, interventions such as maternal immunization can be a valuable strategy to prevent pertussis in infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"363-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradenigo's Syndrome Conservative Management Remains an Option Despite Complications: A Case Report.","authors":"Samer Ali, Abdulla Aloteiby, Ingi Elsaid, Jehan AlRayahi, Andres Perez, Mohammad Janahi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004656","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e147-e148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}