Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Oropharyngeal Kingella kingae Detection and Spondylodiscitis in Early Childhood-A Causal or Casual Association?: A Case Report and a Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Silvia Campani, Silvia Stocco, Maria Moriondo, Elena Chiappini, Sandra Trapani","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric spondylodiscitis is a rare condition, primarily affecting children aged 6-48 months. Kingella kingae is the leading pathogen in this age group, often presenting with mild or atypical features, which delay diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed pediatric spondylodiscitis cases discharged from our hospital between January 2010 and May 2026, identifying those attributable to K. kingae. In parallel, we conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase (2000-2025) to identify pediatric cases confirmed by culture, nucleic acid amplification or metagenomic sequencing of plasma microbial cell-free DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One case of K. kingae spondylodiscitis was identified at our center. The literature review yielded 59 cases (mean age 24 months). Clinical presentation was indolent: refusal to sit, limping, hip/back pain and minimal systemic symptoms. Laboratory findings were nonspecific, with erythrocyte sedimentation rate being the most elevated marker. All blood cultures were negative. Definitive diagnosis was achieved through molecular detection on blood or biopsy/drainage material; oropharyngeal swab-positive cases were considered presumptive. The lumbar spine (L4-L5) was the most involved site. Most patients responded well to antibiotic treatment; surgical intervention was rarely required.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Kingella kingae should be considered in young children with persistent gait disturbance or hip/back pain, even without fever or marked laboratory abnormalities. Early magnetic resonance imaging and molecular diagnostics on blood or infectious tissue enable timely, definitive diagnosis and targeted therapy. When isolation from a sterile site is not possible, K. kingae spondylodiscitis remains likely if age, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and polymerase chain reaction detection on a pharyngeal swab are consistent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ganciclovir and Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis in a Child.","authors":"Nesli Ağrali Eröz, Ökkeş Özgür Mart, Gamze Sarikaya Uzan, Nuri Zafer Kurugöl","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Reply: Disease Spectrum of Human Metapneumovirus Infections in Infants and Young Children: Data From a Prospective Multicenter Study in Germany.","authors":"Matteo Riccò, Maria Florencia Quevedo, Beatrice Dossi, Paolo Manzoni","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005236","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e383-e384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Candida: Life-threatening Disseminated Blastomycosis in Pediatric STAT1 Gain-of-Function Disease.","authors":"Muayad Alali","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005227","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e378-e379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Pediatric Herpangina and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Catalonia, Spain (2014-2025): A Primary Care-based Epidemiologic Study.","authors":"Victor L de Rioja, Allisson Dantas, Ermengol Coma, Cristina Andrés, Jorgina Vila, Alejandra González-Sánchez, Anna Creus-Costa, Ignasi Prats-Méndez, Narcís Saubi, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Nieves Larrosa, Francesc Fina, Aida Perramon-Malavez, Daniel López, Clara Prats, Andrés Antón","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) are common pediatric enterovirus syndromes, but long-term evidence from European primary care remains scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary care electronic health records from the public healthcare system in Catalonia, Spain, were retrospectively analyzed for the academic years 2014-2015 to 2024-2025 using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. Incidence trends, age and sex patterns, seasonal peak timing, and peak-to-peak dependence were assessed in children younger than 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 137,460 diagnoses were identified, including 54,060 herpangina and 83,400 HFMD. Both syndromes showed recurrent bimodal seasonality aligned with school holidays. Peak magnitudes were negatively correlated at both 6-month and 1-year lags, consistent with susceptible depletion and replenishment. Before the pandemic, spring herpangina peaks shifted about 1.5 weeks later for each 1-week delay in Easter. Incidence declined sharply in 2020 and rebounded from autumn 2021, particularly for HFMD. Most diagnoses occurred in children aged 1-2 years, with a transient post-pandemic shift toward ages 3-4 years in the first post-pandemic season. Age-specific curves were highly synchronized, with no pediatric age group consistently preceding the others.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This large primary care series, among the very few long-term European studies of herpangina and HFMD, supports structured seasonal dynamics shaped by school-calendar timing and susceptible dynamics over successive seasons. Long-term primary care surveillance may help interpret atypical transmission patterns and support pediatric preparedness when virologic surveillance is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Course of the Immune Response in a Preterm Infant With Congenital Syphilis Following Incomplete Maternal Treatment: A Case Report.","authors":"Motomichi Nagafuji, Daisuke Hitaka, Takashi Matsumoto, Satoshi Fujiyama, Anri Amano, Naoko Morishima, Yuto Tanaka, Yuki Okada, Yuri Nakamura, Shusuke Takeuchi, Yu Kanai, Makoto Saito, Yayoi Miyazono, Miyuki Mayumi, Hiromi Hamada, Hidetoshi Takada","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005230","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e379-e381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Disease Causes Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Growth Failure.","authors":"Naoaki Mikami, Ayumi Shimizu, Yuichi Yokokawa, Kentaro Matsuoka, Hiroshi Hataya, Riku Hamada","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005255","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) disease is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the clonal proliferation of EBV-infected T or natural killer cells. Although it often manifests with systemic symptoms as seen with infectious mononucleosis, it rarely involves the kidneys or growth failure.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 9-year-old female patient presented with fever, malaise, anemia, kidney dysfunction and growth retardation. The initial diagnosis was acute tubulointerstitial nephritis based on a kidney biopsy, but further investigation, which included a polymerase chain reaction assay EBV, EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid in situ hybridization and flow cytometry, detected EBV-infected CD4+ T cells in both kidney and bone marrow, which led to the diagnosis of chronic active EBV disease. Despite receiving chemotherapy, she experienced complications and died 3 months after the diagnosis. Her history was notable for recurrent pyogenic lymphadenitis at the age of 4 years, with a lymph node biopsy at that time remarkable for a positive EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid in situ hybridization assay, thereby demonstrating the presence of a long-standing EBV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present case emphasizes the need for early diagnosis of chronic active EBV disease using advanced diagnostic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction and EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid in situ hybridization, as well as recognition of atypical presentations such as growth failure and interstitial nephritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e372-e377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Hairy Tongue Should Not Lead to Linezolid Discontinuation in Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis.","authors":"Rafael Jiménez-Alés","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005250","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of Postnatal HIV Prophylaxis: How Long Is Long Enough?","authors":"Erva Nur Cinar, Anna Hermine Markowich, Eleni Vergadi, Hermione Lyall","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005308","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e365-e368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Australian Children 2016-2022: A Multicenter, Prospective Surveillance Study of Serogroup Distribution and Clinical Presentation in the Meningococcal Vaccine Era.","authors":"Maya Wositzky, Jennie Louise, Natascha D'Angelo, Nicholas Wood, Peter Richmond, Christopher C Blyth, Jim Buttery, Julia Clark, Elizabeth J Elliott, Joshua R Francis, Kristine Macartney, Helen S Marshall, Bing Wang","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005214","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although uncommon, invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) results in death in 5%-10% of cases in healthy children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine demographics, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of Australian children hospitalized with IMD during the introduction of the meningococcal vaccine program, overall and by serogroup/disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, multicenter study was conducted through the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance network across 8 tertiary pediatric hospitals in Australia. Children 0-18 years of age with laboratory-confirmed IMD admitted between July 2016 and June 2022 were included. Clinical data were collected using standardized protocols. Logistic, quantile, negative binomial regression and univariate comparisons were used to compare characteristics by serogroup and to investigate factors associated with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 137 IMD cases included, 56% were male with a median age of 2 years, 37% were Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander children and over half resided in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) accounted for 55% of cases, followed by MenW (28%) and MenY (4%). The case fatality rate was 3%. Antibiotics were administered within 1 hour of presentation in 17% of cases. At discharge, 29% had ongoing sequelae, including scarring, arthritis, limb deformities or amputation. Most MenB cases were unvaccinated against MenB (93%), and only 1 MenY case had prior quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the continued burden of MenB disease, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, underscores the importance of earlier recognition and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality, and emphasizes the need for improving vaccine uptake and vaccine availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"816-824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}