Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

Use of (1→3)-β-D-glucan Monitoring to Clear Candida metapsilosis Ventriculitis and Shunt Infection. 应用（1→3）-β- d -葡聚糖监测清除念珠菌化生脑室炎和分流感染。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005132

Dawn Nolt, Louise E Vaz, Christina L Lancioni, Christina M Sayama, Thomas J Walsh

{"title":"Use of (1→3)-β-D-glucan Monitoring to Clear Candida metapsilosis Ventriculitis and Shunt Infection.","authors":"Dawn Nolt, Louise E Vaz, Christina L Lancioni, Christina M Sayama, Thomas J Walsh","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005132","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005132","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candida infections of the central nervous system (CNS) with intracranial shunts are difficult to treat. Cultures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may lack sensitivity in detecting deep cerebral candidiasis.Methods: The fungal biomarker (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) in CSF and serum was used to assess therapeutic response in a child with device-associated recurrent infection from Candida metapsilosis . High-dose micafungin was used as the backbone of antifungal therapy.Results: Antifungal therapy guided by resolution of elevated CSF and serum BDG provided the assurance of eradication of C. metapsilosis from CNS and peripheral tissues that permitted the insertion of a replacement ventriculoatrial shunt. Following placement of the ventriculoatrial shunt, there was no recurrence of CNS candidiasis.Conclusion: Serial monitoring of BDG of CSF and serum allowed an individualized approach for intracranial shunt reimplantation. The child remained free of Candida CNS infection for 19 months before his death of unrelated causes.","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e206-e209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fusobacterium necrophorum Meningitis 27 Pediatric Cases From a French National Observatory. 死性梭杆菌脑膜炎27例儿童病例：法国国家观察站。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005129

Joanna Sassine, Sarah Le Meur, Corinne Levy, Stéphane Béchet, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Marion Caseris, Aurélie Cointe, Robert Cohen, Jean Gaschignard

{"title":"Fusobacterium necrophorum Meningitis 27 Pediatric Cases From a French National Observatory.","authors":"Joanna Sassine, Sarah Le Meur, Corinne Levy, Stéphane Béchet, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Marion Caseris, Aurélie Cointe, Robert Cohen, Jean Gaschignard","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005129","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005129","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fusobacterium necrophorum is primarily involved in ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections, and exceptionally causes meningitis. We aimed at describing specific clinical features associated with cases of F. necrophorum meningitis.Methods: Cases of F. necrophorum meningitis were prospectively collected by a network of 259 pediatric wards covering 60% of French pediatric wards between 2001 and 2024. Children were categorized in 2 groups: \"isolated\" meningitis and \"complicated\" meningitis, defined by ≥1 local or systemic complication (mastoiditis, subperiosteal or epidural abscess, Lemierre syndrome).Results: A total of 27 cases of F. necrophorum meningitis were recorded. Median age was 4 years old (2-7 years) and only 2 were <1 year old. All children had a previous ENT infection, mainly acute otitis media (N = 21/27). Fusobacterium necrophorum was isolated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by culture (N = 16) or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (N = 3). One child had a positive 16S rRNA PCR in a cerebral abscess; other children had a CSF pleocytosis with a positive blood culture. Twenty children had a \"complicated\" meningitis, while 7 an \"isolated\" one. Median age was 4 years old in both groups. In the complicated group, 12 children underwent surgical drainage and 4 died. None of these children had a previous medical history.Conclusions: Our study highlights that, in addition to the well-known Lemierre syndrome, F. necrophorum should be considered in children ≥1 year old presenting with meningitis associated with acute otitis media, particularly when direct CSF examination or usual multiplex PCR fails to identify any bacteria. In such cases, 16S rRNA PCR and antibiotic treatment targeting anaerobic bacteria should be considered.","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e189-e192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Children in Los Angeles County, July 2023-June 2024. 2023年7月至2024年6月洛杉矶县儿童侵袭性A群链球菌感染流行病学研究

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005139

Kyla Sherwood, Bonnie Dao, Prabhu Gounder

引用次数: 0

Recent Advances in Dengue Vaccines for Children: Current Evidence and Future Directions. 儿童登革热疫苗的最新进展：当前证据和未来方向。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005172

Xavier Sáez-Llorens, Rodrigo DeAntonio

引用次数: 0

Reliability of RSV Antigen Diagnostic Tests in the Presence of Nirsevimab. nirseimab存在时RSV抗原诊断试验的可靠性。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005119

Sarah R Sincero, Kelly Ann Mahool, Emma Schaefer, Carolina S Caceres, Elizabeth J Kelly, Deidre Wilkins, Kevin M Tuffy

{"title":"Reliability of RSV Antigen Diagnostic Tests in the Presence of Nirsevimab.","authors":"Sarah R Sincero, Kelly Ann Mahool, Emma Schaefer, Carolina S Caceres, Elizabeth J Kelly, Deidre Wilkins, Kevin M Tuffy","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005119","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nirsevimab is approved for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease in neonates and infants. Although nucleic acid detection by polymerase chain reaction is primarily utilized for the clinical diagnosis of RSV, antigen detection is still routinely used and primarily relies on direct interaction with the RSV F protein in patient nasal samples. While expected monoclonal antibody (mAb) levels in nasal samples are typically <1 μg/mL following administration, some mAbs targeting the RSV F protein, such as palivizumab, have been shown to interfere with antigen detection. We assessed whether the presence of nirsevimab in nasal samples may interfere with RSV detection by antigen tests.Methods: RSV detection was evaluated in 6 antigen detection tests utilizing contrived samples containing RSV A or B, and nirsevimab at 2 concentrations (1 or 10 µg/mL) chosen to estimate and exceed physiologically relevant concentrations. To better simulate real-world diagnostic specimens, RSV-positive nasal samples were pooled and assessed in the presence of nirsevimab in 2 frequently utilized detection tests.Results: RSV was detected in contrived samples by all diagnostic kits evaluated in the presence of nirsevimab at both concentrations. Furthermore, RSV was detected in all nasal specimen pools by both diagnostic tests and remained detectable in the presence of nirsevimab at both concentrations tested, displaying 100% agreement with nonspiked pools.Conclusions: Nirsevimab did not interfere with RSV detection with any of the antigen tests evaluated, suggesting patients who receive nirsevimab are unlikely to require alternative assays for clinical RSV diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"549-553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vaccine Effectiveness and Clinical Characteristics of Breakthrough Varicella During Outbreaks Among Students in Qingdao, China. 青岛市学生中突发性水痘疫情的疫苗有效性及临床特征

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005133

Xiaofan Li, Wencheng Wang, Xiao Kang, Ping Hu, Hua Yu, Yanyan Lin, Shuxia Li, Wanjin Chen, Hongrong Wang, Feng Yang

{"title":"Vaccine Effectiveness and Clinical Characteristics of Breakthrough Varicella During Outbreaks Among Students in Qingdao, China.","authors":"Xiaofan Li, Wencheng Wang, Xiao Kang, Ping Hu, Hua Yu, Yanyan Lin, Shuxia Li, Wanjin Chen, Hongrong Wang, Feng Yang","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005133","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005133","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In the context of varicella outbreaks occurring in schools, this study focused on the efficacy of the varicella vaccine and the severity of the illness.Methods: Our study conducted from 2017 to 2023 in 11 schools collected data using questionnaires on student demographics, clinical presentation, varicella history and immunization status completed by parents or teachers. Students with varicella were in the case group, whereas healthy classmates comprised the control. Conditional logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine vaccine effectiveness (VE).Results: Of the 1947 students, 23.5% were unvaccinated, 53.4% had received 1 dose of the vaccine, and 23.1% had received 2 doses. A total of 123 varicella cases were reported, and 71 were breakthrough cases. The median interval since last vaccination was 9 years after 1 dose and 4 years after 2. The adjusted VEs of 1 and 2 doses in the outbreak case-control study were 67% and 74%. The VE difference between 1 and 2 doses was not significant ( P = 0.376). The number of rashes differed by vaccine status ( P < 0.001), and the minority breakthrough cases had >50 rashes. The fever duration was significantly lower in breakthrough cases than in unvaccinated cases ( P < 0.05). For other clinical manifestations, varicella cases who received a single dose versus those who received 2 doses did not exhibit any difference.Conclusions: Varicella outbreaks were still recorded in Qingdao because of insufficient immunization rates. The vaccination coverage may be expanded to enhance VE.","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"561-564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hearing Measures in Children Perinatally HIV-exposed and Uninfected in the PHACS SMARTT Study. PHACS SMARTT研究中围产期hiv暴露和未感染儿童的听力测量

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005098

Peter Torre, Elham Sirag, Paige L Williams, Zhongli Zhang, Toni Frederick, Murli Purswani, Howard J Hoffman, Tzy-Jyun Yao

{"title":"Hearing Measures in Children Perinatally HIV-exposed and Uninfected in the PHACS SMARTT Study.","authors":"Peter Torre, Elham Sirag, Paige L Williams, Zhongli Zhang, Toni Frederick, Murli Purswani, Howard J Hoffman, Tzy-Jyun Yao","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005098","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005098","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few studies have evaluated the ototoxic effects of in utero antiretroviral (ARV) exposure on hearing in children HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU). Concerns have been identified for some ARVs: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), emtricitabine (FTC), lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (ZDV) and atazanavir (ATV). The aims are to describe hearing outcomes in 5-year-old CHEU in the Surveillance Monitoring for Antiretroviral Therapy Toxicities study and evaluate their association with in utero ARV exposures.Methods: Hearing evaluations including pure-tone thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were completed in CHEU at 5 years. Log-binomial regression models were fit to assess associations of maternal ARV exposures with risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and incomplete DPOAE responses.Results: Among 1078 CHEU, 13% had SNHL. Among those exposed to <13 weeks gestation, there was 28% higher risk (95% confidence interval: -37% to 158%) of SNHL with TDF/FTC with ATV and 38% lower risk (95% confidence interval: -68% to 19%) with ZDV/3TC without ATV than for regimens containing TDF/FTC without ATV. There was a higher risk of incomplete DPOAE responses for ZDV/3TC without ATV and a lower risk for TDF/FTC with ATV. For CHEU with first ARV exposure at 13-26 weeks gestation, those exposed to TDF/FTC with ATV or ZDV/3TC without ATV had a lower risk for SNHL compared with TDF/FTC without ATV. Despite nontrivial relative risks, all confidence intervals were wide.Conclusions: While SNHL was relatively common, there were no consistent associations between in utero ARV exposure and SNHL or incomplete DPOAEs. Further research is needed on ARV exposures and other hearing measures in CHEU.","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"498-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12790845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine in Children. COVID-19疫苗对儿童有效性的证据。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005157

Stanley A Plotkin

引用次数: 0

Tularemia: An Emerging Zoonosis in Children With Many Faces. 兔热病：一种在多面儿童中出现的人畜共患病。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005180

Bera Enes Seyrek, Kubra Aykac, Yasemin Ozsurekci, Michael Buettcher

引用次数: 0

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Use in Neonates at Risk for Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis Using Different Diagnostic Strategies in a Neonatal Care Unit. 在新生儿监护室使用不同诊断策略对有早发新生儿败血症风险的新生儿抗菌药物使用的比较评价

IF 2.2 4区医学

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005130

Adamantia Krepi, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Dimitra Dimopoulou, Zoe Iliodromiti, Rozeta Sokou, Theodora Boutsikou, Maria N Tsolia

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Use in Neonates at Risk for Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis Using Different Diagnostic Strategies in a Neonatal Care Unit.","authors":"Adamantia Krepi, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Dimitra Dimopoulou, Zoe Iliodromiti, Rozeta Sokou, Theodora Boutsikou, Maria N Tsolia","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005130","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early-onset disease (EOD) remains one of the most common causes for initiating antibiotics. In response, diagnostic approaches such as the guidelines by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) have been proposed. The Kaiser-Permanente model by the AAP estimates the probability of EOD per 1000 births in neonates born at ≥34 weeks' gestation. This study aims to evaluate the antibiotic use in a neonatal department for suspected EOD cases and to compare the existing practice-a combination of NICE guidelines and individual physician judgement-with the official guidelines of NICE and AAP for initiating treatment.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Neonatology Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, from January 2018 to December 2021.Results: Among the participants (N = 259), 21.2% received antibiotics, but only 13.5% in full accordance with NICE guidelines. The remaining cases were treated based on physician discretion, outside NICE or AAP criteria. The Kaiser model resulted in the lowest antimicrobial use (10.9%), compared with the risk-based (58.2%) and the serial physical examination (SPE) strategies (60%) for the treated neonates. Only the SPE method accurately identified the single confirmed case of EOD. The combination of Kaiser and SPE models was associated with low antimicrobial use (13%) and early detection of true GBS-EOD.Conclusion: Antimicrobial use in neonates should adhere only to established guidelines, by NICE or AAP. However, combining Kaiser and SPE strategies may minimize the antimicrobial overuse and ensure timely treatment for confirmed EOD.","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"524-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0