Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Birth Defects and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Hospital-based Birth Surveillance in Eswatini.","authors":"Michelle M Gill, Philisiwe Ntombenhle Khumalo, Heather J Hoffman, Caspian Chouraya, Mthokozisi Kunene, Futhi Dlamini, Vincent Tukei, Angela E Scheuerle, Bonisile Nhlabatsi, Lynne Mofenson","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Botswana Tsepamo study identified an initial neural tube defect (NTD) safety signal with dolutegravir antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure at conception. We conducted similar surveillance in 5 hospitals in Eswatini from September 2021 to September 2023 to evaluate the prevalence of birth defects and adverse pregnancy outcomes by maternal HIV status and ART regimen/timing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Routine pregnancy history and HIV/ART status were collected from clinic records. Women of live or stillborn infants with birth defects consented for interviews and photographs of defects. A medical geneticist reviewed blinded interview data and photographs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 45,836 women with live-born or stillborn infants, 13,577 (29.6%) were living with HIV; 11,581 (86.0%) were receiving ART at conception (84.1% dolutegravir). Overall, birth defects were confirmed in 387 (0.8%) women. Comparing women with and without HIV, there were no significant differences in major defects (0.48% vs. 0.38%) or NTD (0.10% vs. 0.08%). In women with HIV, there were no significant differences between those on dolutegravir versus non-dolutegravir at conception for major defects (0.53% vs. 0.49%) or NTD (0.08% vs. 0.22%). Stillbirths were significantly higher in women with HIV than those without (2.6% vs. 1.9%, P < 0.001), as was low birthweight and preterm delivery (11.8% vs. 10.4%, P < 0.001; 12.5% vs. 10.7%, P < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in outcomes by ART regimen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While these data from sub-Saharan Africa further strengthen the lack of a NTD safety signal in women with HIV on ART, there remained elevated adverse birth outcomes despite treatment compared to women without HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Codetection and Clinical Outcomes of Infants Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.","authors":"Gregorio Paolo Milani, Andrea Ronchi, Carlo Agostoni, Paola Marchisio, Giovanna Chidini, Nicola Pesenti, Anita Sofia Bellotti, Marco Cugliari, Riccardo Crimi, Valentina Fabiano, Carlo Pietrasanta, Lorenza Pugni, Fabio Mosca","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The simultaneous identification of multiple respiratory viruses is common in infants hospitalized with respiratory tract infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens in bronchiolitis, although codetection of rhinovirus, influenza and other respiratory viruses may occur in about one-third of cases. The relevance of viral codetection on disease severity is still controversial. This multicenter cohort study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of infants under 24 months hospitalized with bronchiolitis, comparing those testing positive for RSV alone, RSV plus another virus and ≥2 viruses distinct from RSV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected across 13 hospitals in Lombardy, Italy, both in the prepandemic and pandemic years. Random effect regression models were also employed to test the association between 3 groups (infants testing positive for RSV alone, RSV plus another respiratory virus and no RSV but ≥2 respiratory viruses other than RSV) and course of bronchiolitis, adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1788 infants, 86.7% tested positive for RSV alone, 6.9% for RSV plus another virus and 6.3% for ≥2 other viruses. Significant differences were found in clinical outcomes: infants with multiple non-RSV viruses had shorter oxygen supplementation, intensive care and hospital stay compared with those with RSV alone. Notably, codetection of RSV and another virus was associated with a higher risk of radiologically confirmed pneumonia, whereas detection of ≥2 non-RSV viruses was inversely associated with pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings point out that codetection of viruses other than RSV is associated with milder disease courses than detection of RSV alone in infants with bronchiolitis. On the other hand, patients with RSV and another virus are at higher risk of pneumonia than infants affected by RSV alone. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize management strategies in infants with bronchiolitis testing positive for multiple viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Pattern of Symptom Correlation With Acute Respiratory Infections in Korea.","authors":"Jinsoo Kim, Gyoohwan Jung, Soyeoun Kim","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose global health challenges, with major outbreaks affecting healthcare systems and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify distinctive signs or symptoms correlated with ARIs for utilizing syndromic surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from national Korean databases to examine correlations between various symptoms and the reported ARI viruses in children aged under and over 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In children under 5 years old, respiratory symptoms were strongly correlated with human adenovirus, human respiratory syncytial virus, and human rhinovirus. Patients aged over 5 years displayed more diverse patterns, with varied correlations. The cases of fever were a strong indicator of respiratory viruses (human adenovirus, human parainfluenza viruses, and human rhinovirus) in children under 5 years old, while those over 5 years showed symptoms such as smell and taste disturbances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings emphasize the correlation between various symptoms and ARIs across different age groups and may help to improve syndromic surveillance systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endemic Echovirus 11 Meningitis in Young Infants in Japan, Autumn 2024.","authors":"Takuma Ohnishi, Rei Sato, Rie Tanaka, Mizue Tomita, Maki Nakazawa, Isamu Kamimaki","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004753","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Short-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Young Yoo, Jue Seong Lee, Ji Young Park, Seung Ah Choe, Giannoula S Tansarli, Eleftherios Mylonakis","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether short-course antibiotic therapy (≤6 days) is associated with poor clinical outcomes compared with long-course antibiotic therapy (>7 days) in children with CAP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed. Studies comparing the efficacy and safety of short-course with long-course antibiotic regimens in children with CAP were eligible. We assessed the risk of bias using the RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Study characteristics such as publication year, country, setting, study design and antibiotic regimens were recorded. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for clinical outcomes, including clinical cure, treatment failure, total adverse events, serious adverse events, relapse and hospitalization. The primary outcomes were clinical cure and treatment failure. Secondary outcomes included total and serious adverse events, relapse and hospitalization rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies comprising 155,944 children met the inclusion criteria, with 15 of these studies being randomized controlled trials. There were no significant differences between short-course and long-course treatments in clinical cure [21,156 patients; RR, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.97-1.05); P = 0.73; I² = 81%], treatment failure [28,942 patients; RR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.51-1.51); P = 0.64; I²= 94%] or total adverse events [24,446 children; RR, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.61-1.44); P = 0.77; I² = 90%]. However, short-course treatment was associated with fewer serious adverse events [4194 patients; RR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79-0.99); P = 0.04; I² = 11%]. Relapse rates were nominally lower with short-course treatment compared with long-course treatments (5.5% vs. 6.2%; P = 0.04). This difference was primarily observed in the subgroup analysis comparing 5-day treatments to ≥10-day treatments. Hospitalization rates were similar between the two groups [122,607 patients; RR, 1.20 (95% CI, 0.85-1.68); P = 0.29; I² = 0%].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-course antibiotic treatment is as effective as long-course treatment for pediatric CAP in terms of clinical cure and treatment failure while resulting in fewer serious adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid CXCL13 Is a Helpful Marker for the Early Diagnosis of Neuroborreliosis in Children.","authors":"Lisa Jung, Thiên-Trí Lâm, Andrea Streng, Volker Fingerle, Johannes Liese","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is an early systemic manifestation of Lyme disease in children, but standard diagnostic measures have constraints that limit early LNB diagnosis. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the chemokine CXCL13 are considered a useful marker for early LNB diagnosis in adults, however, few studies have evaluated their diagnostic value in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective analysis, stored CSF samples of 232 hospitalized pediatric patients tested for LNB with standard serological methods were re-analyzed for CXCL13. CXCL13 levels were compared in children classified as definite, possible or no LNB patients according to European Federation of Neurological Societies guidelines. Specificity and sensitivity of CSF CXCL13 were determined for the diagnosis of early LNB, using previously published cutoff levels for pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CSF CXCL13 levels differed significantly between 25 patients with definite LNB (all >7.8 pg/mL; range: 37.9->500 pg/mL) and 174 patients without LNB [160 (92%) <7.8 pg/mL; 13 (7%) with a range of 7.8-59.3 pg/mL; 1 (1%) with >500 pg/mL and Ureaplasma parvum CNS infection]. Using a cutoff of 55 pg/mL, CSF CXCL13 resulted in a specificity of 98.9% (95% CI: 97.4-100) and sensitivity of 92.0% (95% CI: 81.4-100).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms the high sensitivity and specificity of CSF CXCL13 for the diagnosis of pediatric LNB using a cutoff value of 55 pg/mL. The use of CSF CXCL13 as an additional diagnostic measure in children with suspected LNB could improve diagnostic specificity and thereby reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment, especially in the early phases of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: The DREPANOBACT French Multicenter Prospective Study.","authors":"Luu-Ly Pham, Emmanuelle Varon, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Marouane Boubaya, Patricia Benhaim, Lahoueri Amor-Chelihi, Marine Houlier, Bérengère Koehl, Florence Missud, Valentine Brousse, Vincent Gajdos, Etienne Bizot, Coralie Briand, Alexandra Malka, Marie-Hélène Odièvre, Anne-Sophie Romain, Isabelle Hau, Corinne Pondarré, Hélène See, Corinne Guitton, Férielle Zenkhri, Laurent Holvoet, Malika Benkerrou, Charlène Da Silveira, Nabil Belaid, Odile Laurent, Mélanie Vassal, Romain Basmaci, Camille Aupiais, Coralie Bloch-Queyrat, Corinne Lévy, Robert Cohen, Naïm Ouldali, Loïc De Pontual, Etienne Carbonnelle, Jean Gaschignard","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are susceptible to invasive bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Data concerning nasopharyngeal carriage remain scarce in this population at high risk of resistant bacteria owing to antibiotic pressure and frequent hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this prospective trial, DREPANOBACT, in 7 French hospitals to assess the nasopharyngeal carriage rate for S. pneumoniae among children with SCD aged 6 months-15 years between September 2022 and April 2024. The secondary aim was to determine the serotype distribution and proportion of penicillin nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolates and the carriage and antibiotic resistance rates for Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 300 children were enrolled [median age, 8 years (interquartile range: 4-12 years)]. S. pneumoniae carriage accounted for 32 cases (11%), including 21 penicillin nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae strains (66%). The main serotypes were 23A (n = 4), 35B (n = 4), 11A (n = 3) and 15C (n = 3). Overall, 75% of the serotypes were non-13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes, with 19% and 53% covered by PCV20 and PCV21, respectively. The carriage rates for S. aureus, M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae were 31%, 17% and 11%, respectively. Methicillin resistance was observed in 5% of S. aureus strains. Age ≤5 years was significantly associated with S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, and H. influenzae carriage, while age ≥11 years was associated with S. aureus carriage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surveillance of nasopharyngeal carriage in children with SCD is warranted to monitor changes in predominant serotypes and resistance patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features, Adverse Events and Treatment Outcomes of Multidrug/Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: An Eight-year Retrospective Cohort Study in Bandung, Indonesia.","authors":"Heda M Nataprawira, Fajri Gafar, Chindy A Sari, Jan-Willem C Alffenaar, Ben J Marais, Rovina Ruslami, Dick Menzies","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004539","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on childhood and adolescent multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) in Indonesia are lacking. We aimed to assess clinical features, adverse events (AEs) and treatment outcomes of childhood and adolescent MDR/RR-TB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was performed in children and adolescents <18 years old treated for MDR/RR-TB at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia, between June 2016 and March 2024. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for predictors of all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 84 included patients, 69 (82%) were adolescents 10-17 years of age, 54 (64%) were female, 54 (64%) were malnourished and 55 (65%) had culture-confirmed disease. Among 69 (82%) patients with known outcomes, 48 (70%) were successfully treated, 14 (20%) died (including 5 pretreatment deaths) and 7 (10%) were lost to follow-up (LTFU) (including 5 pretreatment LTFU). Predictors of all-cause mortality included shortness of breath on admission [aOR: 6.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-49.1], high bacillary burden on Xpert MTB/RIF assay (aOR: 17.0, 95% CI: 1.6-260.5) and the presence of lung cavities on chest radiograph (aOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.1-23.3). Among 74 patients who initiated treatment, 39 (53%) had at least one grade 1-2 AE, and 4 (5%) had one grade 3-4 AE each, including hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, hearing loss and rash/hyperpigmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Younger children were underrepresented among those treated for MDR/RR-TB, indicating reduced access to care. Severe AEs were uncommon during MDR/RR-TB treatment. Baseline indicators of extensive disease were associated with all-cause mortality. The high proportion of pre-treatment mortality and LTFU may reflect complex patient pathways limiting access to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citrobacter Koseri Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Complicated By Abscess Formation: A Case Report and a Review of Literature.","authors":"Dima Khreis, Samar Dalle, Samir Akel, Rima Hanna-Wakim","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004573","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrobacter koseri ( C. koseri ) can lead to severe infections in the neonates, elderly and immunocompromised patients. We describe the first reported case of an axillary abscess due to C. koseri in a healthy adolescent, and review the clinical aspects and associated risk factors of this rare condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e63-e65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Changes of Growth and Thyroid Function in Young Children With Chronic Hepatitis B Treated With Peginterferon Monotherapy.","authors":"Qiufeng He, Chuangjie Mao, Zhili Chen, Fangfang Duan, Liang Huang, Rong Hu, Yang Deng, Jun Cheng, Song Yang, Yilan Zeng","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004567","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peginterferon (PegIFN) has shown promising results in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PegIFN α-2b on growth and thyroid function in young children with CHB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed by extracting clinical data from children with CHB who received PegIFN α-2b monotherapy at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between June 2017 and December 2020. Mean, SD, independent samples t test and 1-way repeated analysis of variance were used to evaluate relevant data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 62 children were included in this study. Overall, significant differences were observed in the weight-for-age z score (WAZ), height-for-age z score (HAZ) and body mass index-for-age z score (BAZ) at different time points ( P < 0.001). WAZ, HAZ and BAZ were not affected by PegIFN α-2b at 24 weeks of treatment (all P > 0.05). WAZ, HAZ and BAZ at the end of treatment and 48 weeks after treatment; WAZ at 96 weeks after treatment were lower than baseline levels (all P < 0.05). No statistical differences were found in HAZ and BAZ at 96 weeks after treatment compared with baseline. Thyroid dysfunction developed in 17.7% of children during the treatment. Thyroid dysfunction was transient and had no effect on growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PegIFN α-2b has inhibitory effects on growth and can increase the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in young children with CHB. These effects are generally reversible with the cessation of therapy, although WAZ had not returned to baseline after 96 weeks of observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}