Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Cidofovir Treatment for Severe Adenovirus Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Jose Antonio Soler-Simón, Ana Espeleta-Fox, Claudia García Gijón, Alberto García-Salido, Montserrat Nieto Moro, Jose Luis Unzueta-Roch","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Purpura Fulminans Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 15AF in a 15-Month-old Infant.","authors":"Nguyen The Nguyen Phung, Minh Nhut Tran, Thanh Thuc Tran, Quoc Duy Dang, Hong Thang Phan","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye as a Window to Diagnosis.","authors":"Satish Kumar Shah, Shreya Adavalath, Gautham Pai, Venkatesh Pradeep, Rakesh Lodha","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reemergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Post-COVID-19 Japan: A 2024 Outbreak in Hokkaido After 5 Years.","authors":"Yuya Fukuda, Atsuo Togashi, Satoshi Hirakawa, Masaki Yamamoto, Shinobu Fukumura, Tomohiro Nawa, Nana Kushima, Takahiro Maeda, Jun Kunizaki, Noritaka Shintani, Kouhei Nishino, Toshitaka Kizawa, Dai Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, Yuta Sasaoka, Masayoshi Kikuchi, Takuro Ito, Kazushige Nagai, Hirofumi Asakura, Yui Ito, Masaki Yoshida, Seiji Kobayashi, Takeshi Tsugawa","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neurologic Manifestations in Hospitalized Children Diagnosed With Acute SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C in Indonesia.","authors":"Setyo Handryastuti, Achmad Rafli, Amanda Soebadi, Irawan Mangunatmadja, Asep Aulia Rahman, Anidar, Rahmi Lestari, Msy Rita Dewi, Anna Tjandrajani, Dedi Ria Saputra, Mia Milanti Dewi, Alifiani Hikmah Putranti, Elisabeth Siti Herini, Prastiya Indra Gunawan, I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba, Hadia Angriani, Praevilia Salendu","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic is a prevalent condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies have shown that affected patients can experience neurologic manifestations. This study aims to analyze the frequency, early impact and risk factors for neurologic manifestations in hospitalized children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study of neurologic manifestations in children who were hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 test or clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-related condition and MIS-C between June 2020 and June 2023. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify the risk factors for neurologic manifestations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1397 children analyzed, 1283 (91.8%) and 114 (8.2%) were diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C, respectively. The results showed that neurologic manifestations occurred in 51.2% of patients, with seizures (26.3%) and acute encephalopathy (17.5%) being the most common in the overall cohort. A total of 25% of children received ICU care, where patients with acute SARS Co-V-2 and nonneurologic manifestations were more admitted to ICU compared with those suffering from MIS-C and neurologic manifestations (P < 0.0001). The overall mortality in this study was 16.1%, and most deaths were observed in patients with neurologic manifestations (26.3%). Based on the multivariable logistic regression in the overall cohort, younger age, fever, anorexia, and preexisting neurology, respiratory and renal urology conditions were associated with neurologic manifestations (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that neurologic manifestations were common among children hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Peer-Mother Counseling Intervention Improves Early Infant HIV Testing in Rural Uganda.","authors":"Jane Kabami, Stella Kabageni, Catherine A Koss, Jaffer Okiring, Joanita Nangendo, Emmanuel Ruhamyankaka, Peter Ssebutinde, Elizabeth Arinitwe, Michael Ayebare, Agnes Napyo, Valence Mfitumukiza, Munezero Tamu, Elijah Kakande, Anne R Katahoire, Philippa Musoke, Moses R Kamya, Laura B Balzer","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004884","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peer-led counseling interventions could improve early infant diagnosis of HIV by empowering mothers with knowledge and information on their role in preventing perinatal transmission. We hypothesized that a peer-led intervention would increase completion rates of infant HIV testing in rural Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September 2019 to October 2021, we conducted the Enhanced viral load counseling with Standardized Peer-Support (ENHANCED-SPS) trial, which randomized 14 public health facilities to the intervention: peer-led counseling on HIV viral load and perinatal transmission, support for status disclosure and treatment adherence, and point-of-care viral load testing; or control: HIV care per national guidelines (NCT04122144). We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all infants born to ENHANCED-SPS participants during the 1-year follow-up and compared the proportions completing final testing (antibody rapid test at 18 months) between arms with targeted minimum loss-based estimation. Secondary outcomes included completion of earlier steps in the testing algorithm for the HIV-exposed infants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 464 children (intervention = 234 and control = 230) born to trial participants, the proportions completing final testing were 94.5% (95% CI: 91.6-97.5%) in the intervention and 83.3% (95% CI: 78.4-88.3%) in the control: a difference of 11.2% (CI: 5.4-17.0%; P < 0.001). There were no differences in the proportions completing the 1st test (at 4-6 weeks) or the 2nd test (at 9 months), but completion of the 3rd test (6 weeks after breastfeeding cessation) was 14.8% (95% CI: 7.9-21.8%; P < 0.001) higher in the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peer-led counseling on the mother's role in ensuring a healthy baby reduced drop-offs in infant HIV testing, which is progress toward improved infant diagnosis and prompt linkage to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Guide to Diagnosing Immunodeficiency.","authors":"Maarja Soomann, Austen Worth, Dylan Lawless, Johannes Trück","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A 12-year Retrospective Study on Treatment Duration and Relapse.","authors":"Kenza El Boussarghini, Marine Butin, Thomas Loppinet, Aurélie Portefaix, Yves Gillet, Anne Tristan, Luc Panetta","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic therapy for neonatal Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (NSAB) is recommended for at least 14 days. However, this recommendation is based on very limited data. This study aimed to compare NSAB relapses between patients treated for less than 14 days versus 14 days or more in neonatal intensive care units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted in 3 neonatal intensive care units. All patients with a positive blood culture for S. aureus from January 2010 to December 2022 were included. Relapse was defined as the identification of S. aureus in a blood culture within 3 months after cessation of antibiotic therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 169 patients with positive blood culture for S. aureus, 134 patients were included in the analysis. Fifteen (9%) were excluded because cultures were considered contamination, 19 (11%) because of death before completing treatment, and one because of missing data. The median gestational age was 28 weeks. One hundred patients (75%) had a central venous line. The median duration of antibiotic therapy was 8 days (interquartile range: 6-9) in the <14-day group, and 19.5 days (interquartile range: 17-23) in the ≥14-day group. A relapse occurred in 15 patients: 11 (12%) in the <14-day group (n = 94) and 4 (10%) in the ≥14-day group (n = 40), with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.775).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort, no increased risk of NSAB relapse was observed with treatment durations of less than 14 days. Further trials are necessary to determine the optimal treatment duration for NSAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Clinical Practice to Calculated Risks: A Retrospective Study on Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Level-1 Hospital.","authors":"Erick F Mayer, Liborio Paz, Ariadna Rubio, Edgar Eslava, Maria Ribes, Anna Miralles, Laura Gerones, Jose M Inoriza","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, traditionally assessed through categorical risk factors. We explore the current incidence of EONS and evaluate the Kaiser Permanente neonatal sepsis calculator's impact on newborn management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study (2017-2022) at Hospital de Palamós involved 4782 live births. High-risk newborns were identified through International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes and blood culture results. Clinical and cost data were collected, and the Kaiser Permanente calculator's recommendations were compared with clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1533 high-risk newborns, 4 had confirmed clinical sepsis (0.84/1000 live births). The calculator recommended routine care for 2. Lowering the screening threshold improved sepsis case identification without a significant increase in interventions. Based on the modified recommendations, clinical observation would have been indicated in 763 (89.7%) of newborns who had a blood culture, in 57 (57%) of newborns who had a lumbar puncture done, and in 69 (56.1%) of newborns who received empiric antibiotics. Compliance correlated with shorter hospital stays [2.5 days (SD, 1.3) vs. 2.9 days (SD, 1.6), P < 0.001] and lower costs [884.1€ (SD, 307.4) vs. 1075.1€ (SD 521.8), P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Kaiser Permanente calculator, while effective for asymptomatic newborns, required adjustments for those with suggestive clinical signs. Adherence to modified recommendations showed potential benefits, including optimized resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Genomic Insights Into Norovirus and Coinfections: A 2023 Tertiary Care Hospital Study on Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis in Pakistan.","authors":"Massab Umair, Zunera Jamal, Syed Adnan Haider, Humera Javed, Rabia Hakim, Qasim Ali, Muhammad Usman, Rana Suleman, Muhammad Usama Saeed, Muhammad Salman","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute gastroenteritis remains a leading cause of morbidity in children under 5 in Pakistan, with rotavirus group A as a major pathogen. The contribution of norovirus is less understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2023, we analyzed stool samples from 248 rotavirus group A-negative pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis at a tertiary hospital in Punjab, Pakistan. Viral RNA was extracted and screened using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for norovirus genogroups GI and GII. Positive samples with cycle threshold values <30 were selected for metagenomic sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Norovirus was detected in 14% (n = 34) of samples, with GII being the predominant genogroup (71%). Higher prevalence was observed among male children (74%), infants aged 0-10 months (59%) and during October (29%). Fifteen samples were sequenced, yielding near-complete genomes for 7 norovirus strains (GII, n = 5; GI, n = 2). Genotypes identified included GII.3[P25], GII.3[P16], GII.13[P16], GI.3[P3], GII.20[P20] and GII.7[P7]. One GII.7[P7] sample was coinfected with Coxsackievirus A22 and Echovirus E9. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close clustering of Pakistani GII strains with those from Thailand, India and Germany, while GI strains showed similarity to isolates from China, the United States of America and the United Kingdom. The coinfecting Coxsackievirus shared >89% identity with European strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights norovirus, particularly genogroup GII, as a significant contributor to pediatric gastroenteritis in Pakistan. Genomic surveillance revealed diverse genotypes and coinfections, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring to inform public health strategies and clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}