Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Adenovirus Pneumonitis and Disseminated Viremia in a Neonate Successfully Treated With Steroids, Cidofovir and Ecmo.","authors":"Sampath Jayaweera, Nirmala Sarwan, Swaroop Arghode, Sai S Duraisingham, Ruth Radcliffe, Oliver T R Toovey, Julian W Tang","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004670","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 5-day-old neonate was admitted with chest radiograph showing right-lung opacification. This, together with a severe adenovirus (AdV) viremia (11.8 million copies/mL), indicated severe adenovirus pneumonitis. She was given extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), steroids and intravenous cidofovir. After clearing her AdV and 33 days of ECMO, she continued to require nocturnal ventilator support, after transfer back to her local hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Impact of Rapid Molecular Microbiologic Diagnosis for Mechanically Ventilated Children in Intensive Care With Suspected Pneumonia.","authors":"Robyn Silcock, Vanessa Clifford, Joshua Osowicki, Ben Gelbart","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004629","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a leading cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infection in children and a common indication for antimicrobial use and intensive care admission. Determining the causative pathogen for LRTIs is difficult and traditional culture-based methods are labor- and time-intensive. Emerging molecular diagnostic tools may identify pathogens and detect antimicrobial resistance more quickly, to enable earlier targeted antimicrobial therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, prospective observational laboratory study evaluating the use of the Biofire FilmArray pneumonia panel (FA-PP) (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT) for bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from mechanically ventilated children admitted with suspected or presumed pneumonia. We aimed to determine its feasibility and utility for identifying pathogens, antimicrobial resistance and its potential influence on antibiotic prescribing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 50 samples taken from 41 children with a median age of 6 months. Positive agreement between culture and FA-PP was 83% and negative agreement was 76%. Agreement between FA-PP ( mecA/C or MREJ ) and culture was high for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . In 3 cases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative organisms were detected by culture and not FA-PP. Hypothetically, FA-PP results would have affected antimicrobial prescribing in approximately half the cases (24, 48%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FA-PP is a useful adjunct to traditional culture methods in mechanically ventilated children with LRTIs and may influence clinical decision-making regarding antibiotic escalation or stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children or Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis?: A Case Report.","authors":"Nihal Akçay, Demet Tosun, Ilyas Bingölİt, Şadan Hacisalihoğlu","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004500","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e29-e30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19: A Case Series.","authors":"Chiara Tricella, Costanza Pagliani, Antonia Quatrale, Giulia Poretti, Roberta Caiazzo, Crescenzo Coppola, Marc Garcia Lorenzo, Maria Sole Valentino, Vania Giacomet","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004541","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a small, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus commonly causing asymptomatic infections or mild, flu-like symptoms. In children, PVB19 can lead to various clinical conditions, including erythema infectiosum, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis and papular-purpuric eruptions, among others.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present 3 pediatric cases treated at Luigi Sacco University Hospital in Milan, Italy, in March 2024, each demonstrating distinct manifestations of PVB19 infection. Case 1 involved a 7-year-old girl with a maculopapular rash and panniculitis-like symptoms. Case 2 described an 8-year-old boy with a maculopapular rash, vasculitis component and mild thrombocytopenia. Case 3 focused on a 7-year-old girl with petechial and purpuric eruptions and a mild decrease in platelets. Serological tests confirmed PVB19 infection in all cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The discussed cases highlight the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of PVB19 infection and emphasize its potential to cause thrombocytopenia even in healthy children. The recent surge in PVB19 cases in Europe, aligned with known epidemiological cycles, underscores the importance of vigilance in diagnosis, particularly during peak seasons. Additionally, concerning the role of serological testing in the diagnostic process, the potential for cross-reactivity among viral antigens is pointed out.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PVB19 is a common infection with a broad range of clinical presentations. Awareness of its potential complications, including thrombocytopenia, even in nonimmunocompromised children, is crucial. Moreover, understanding the epidemiological patterns of PVB19 can aid in anticipating and managing outbreaks, thus minimizing its impact on pediatric health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e18-e21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prompt Initiation of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy After HIV Seroconversion in Pregnancy Effectively Prevents Vertical Transmission and Other Adverse Infant Outcomes.","authors":"Kavya G Sundar, Lanbo Z Yang, Mary C Cambou, Ivana R S Varella, Marineide G Melo, Eddy R Segura, Ângela P Ziegler, Breno R Santos, Karin Nielsen-Saines","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004562","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From January 2008 to December 2018, 1348 HIV-exposed infants were born in Porto Alegre, Brazil; 18.8% had adverse infant outcomes (AIO) including vertical transmission (1.9%), stillbirth/neonatal death (4.0%) and loss to follow-up before HIV diagnosis (12.9%). Timing of maternal HIV diagnosis was not associated with AIO but absent antiretroviral therapy use was. Lack of maternal antiretroviral therapy use is a significant risk factor for AIO.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis With Severe Ophthalmologic Involvement in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Iara Paiva de Oliveira, Maria Laura Pires de Carvalho Pereira, Pedro Henrique Nunes Leite, Daniel Vitor de Vasconcelos Santos, Wesley Ribeiro Campos, Danuza Oliveira Machado Azevedo, Lucas Campos Garcia, Gerson Filipe Menezes Ferreira, Lilian Martins Oliveira Diniz, Daniela Caldas Teixeira","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004540","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e33-e34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Varicella-related Hospitalization in Turkey Between 2008 and 2018: Impact of Universal Single Dose Varicella Vaccine (VARICOMP Study).","authors":"Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Zafer Kurugol, Ilker Devrim, Nuri Bayram, Nazan Dalgic, Olcay Yasa, Hasan Tezer, Halil Ozdemir, Ergin Ciftci, Anil Tapisiz, Solmaz Celebi, Mustafa Hacimustafaoglu, Dilek Yilmaz, Nevin Hatipoglu, Ates Kara","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004521","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004521","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;A single-dose varicella vaccine at 12 months of age was introduced to the National Immunization Program in February 2013 in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate varicella-related hospitalization in children and the impact of a single-dose live attenuated varicella vaccine over the first 5.5 years of introducing a universal varicella vaccination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We analyzed data collected from the medical records of children &lt;18 years old who required hospitalization due to varicella in 17 cities representing 50% of the childhood population in Turkey between 2008 and 2018. We calculated the rate of hospitalization for varicella per 100,000 children during the study period. The main objective of this study was to determine the yearly rate of hospitalization due to varicella and to compare these rates in the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine periods. The secondary objective was to compare demographic features, varicella-related complications, and outcomes between the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine periods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 4373 children (2458 boys and 1915 girls; 72.3% previously healthy) were hospitalized for varicella over a 10-year period, including 2139 children during the pre-vaccine period and 2234 children during the post-vaccine period. Overall, varicella hospitalization rates decreased significantly after the introduction of varicella vaccination [pre-vaccine vs. post-vaccine period; 3.79 vs. 2.87 per 100,000 per year; P &lt; 0.001; odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.88]. The incidence of varicella-related hospitalization among children between 1 and 5 years of age was significantly lower in the post-vaccine era than in the pre-vaccine era, with a 60.2% decrease in hospitalizations (2.43 vs. 6.12 per 100,000 children; P &lt; 0.001, odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.46). In both the &lt;1-year and 6- to 10-year age groups, the incidence of varicella-related hospitalizations was similar in the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine periods. The incidence of varicella-related hospitalization was higher in the post-vaccine era among 11-15 years and &gt;15-year-old groups ( P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.05). The mean age was higher during the post-vaccine period than during the pre-vaccine period ( P &lt; 0.001). The absolute number of secondary bacterial infections ( P &lt; 0.01), respiratory complications ( P &lt; 0.01), and neurological complications ( P &lt; 0.001) was significantly lower during the post-vaccine period. The incidence of severe varicella was lower during the post-vaccine period than during the pre-vaccine period ( P &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;After 5.5 years of routine single-dose varicella vaccine use, we observed the impact of varicella vaccination on the incidence of varicella-related hospitalizations, especially in the target age group. However, we did not observe herd protection in the other age groups. The implementation of a second dose of the varicell","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine Profile in Children Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings.","authors":"Danilo Buonsenso, Anna Camporesi, Gabriele Di Sante, Michela Sali, Maria Del Carmen Pereyra Boza, Rosa Morello, Piero Valentini, Francesca Raffaelli, Lucie Rodriguez, Laura Gonzalez, Anette Johnsson, Constantin Habimana Mugabo, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Petter Brodin","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004558","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide preliminary evidence that, also in children, Long coronavirus disease (COVID) may be characterized by a proinflammatory signature. Ten Long COVID patients, 7 convalescent subjects after COVID infection and 4 healthy controls were enrolled. When adjusted for sex, children with long COVID had statistically significant differences in the levels of Flt3L, CD5, uPA, CCL23, CD40 and TGFα. When adjusted for age, CCL23 levels remained statistically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroids for Managing Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiawen Deng, Nefissa Bedri, Qi Kang Zuo, Maryam Azab, Oswin Chang, Riya Virdi, Jay Hung, Kaden Venugopal, Umair Tahir, Kiyan Heybati","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004551","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for the management of pediatric sepsis and septic shock.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science (Core Collection) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were systematically searched up to September 2023. Preprint servers, clinical trial registries and the reference sections of previous reviews were hand-searched.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Randomized controlled trials that enrolled pediatric sepsis, septic shock or systemic inflammatory response syndrome patients, compared the use of corticosteroid regimens against standard sepsis care and reported eligible outcomes were included. Title/abstract and full-text screening were conducted in-duplicate.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Eligible articles were extracted using a standardized form in-duplicate. Outcomes extracted include mortality incidence, hospital and pediatric intensive care unit length of stay, duration of shock, incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events and incidence of corticosteroid-related adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Assessing Randomized Trials.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (N = 973) were included. Corticosteroid use may be associated with reduced mortality risks (risk ratio: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.85), shorter length of hospital stay (MD: -3.76 days, 95% CI: -6.66 to -0.86), and shorter pediatric intensive care unit length of stay (MD -2.34 days, 95% CI: -3.14 to -1.53 days). Corticosteroid use may be associated with gastrointestinal bleeding but not a higher risk of secondary infection. No studies reported on serious adverse events. All findings were based on low to very low quality of evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While corticosteroids show promise for managing pediatric sepsis and septic shock, the question of how to select the best candidate and the most optimal regimen remains unanswered. Future trials need to focus on assessing corticosteroid-related adverse events and stratifying patient inclusion by sepsis subphenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Treatment With Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir on Children's Growth-Results of the PANDAA-PED Study.","authors":"Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak, Ewa Talarek, Małgorzata Aniszewska, Magdalena Pluta, Anna Dobrzeniecka, Magdalena Marczyńska, Giuseppe Indolfi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004504","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of treatment of hepatitis C with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) on children's growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty children 6-18 years of age were successfully treated for hepatitis C with a 12-week course of SOF/VEL fixed dose adjusted to the body weight in the PANDAA-PED (Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children 6-18 years of age using a pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral sofosbuvir/velpatasvir) project. Growth parameters were compared at 1 year after treatment with baseline (at the start of treatment) and 12-week-posttreatment values. Body mass index (BMI), weight and height Z scores adjusted to sex and age were calculated according to the World Health Organization reference data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine participants (23 boys and 26 girls) completed all the visits. The mean age at 1 year after treatment was 10.9 ± 2.5 years, and all children had undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA at this point. Significant weight and height gains were observed after treatment irrespective of the patients' age and sex. Height Z scores did not vary significantly both at 12 weeks and 1 year after treatment, confirming a normal increase in participants' height. Weight Z scores for 16 children below 10 years of age decreased at 1 year after treatment. BMI Z score values decreased at 12 weeks after treatment compared to the baseline in boys, but no difference was found between 1-year posttreatment and baseline BMI Z scores in both girls and boys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of the PANDAA-PED study showed normal growth up to 1 year after successful treatment with SOF/VEL in children 6-18 years of age. Despite the decrease in BMI Z score in boys observed at 12 weeks after treatment, no differences were found between baseline and 1-year posttreatment values. Our observations confirm the long-term safety of the SOF/VEL treatment in children 6-18 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}