Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Anti-HIV Antibodies at 12 Months of Age in Infants Exposed to HIV.","authors":"Amanda Milman Magdaleno, Luciana Friedrich, Maithe Antonello Ramos, Andréa Lúcia Corso","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004732","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study determined the prevalence of reactive HIV serology at 12 months of age in infants exposed to HIV in utero. Of the 80 patients analyzed, 50 (63.3%) were anti-HIV reactive. This study suggests that it is probably not helpful to perform HIV antibody testing in HIV-exposed non-breastfed infants who have met virologic criteria to exclude HIV infection in the first year of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e117-e119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Children Hospitalized for Acute COVID-19 in France From February 2020 to December 2023.","authors":"Alexis Rybak, Naïm Ouldali, Andreas Werner, Paul Casha, Blandine Robert, Loïc de Pontual, Stéphane Béchet, Fabienne Cahn-Sellem, François Angoulvant, Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004681","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the characteristics of children hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 in France with a focus on the post-BA.1 Omicron period (February 2022-December 2023). We identified 3 main groups of children: those ≤90 days old (44.8%), older children with comorbidities (22.1%) and children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (5.2%). Low vaccination coverage in these groups suggests that this burden could be alleviated with immunization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"346-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence, Serogroup Distribution and Risk Factors of Meningococcal Carriage in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults in Turkey Meningo-Carr-TR Study PART 3: COVID-19 Pandemic Situation.","authors":"Mahmut Can Kizil, Yalcin Kara, Adem Karbuz, Fatma Nur Oz, Ergin Ciftci, Zafer Kurugol, Merve Iseri Nepesov, Solmaz Celebi, Benhur Sirvan Cetin, Dilek Yilmaz, Meltem Dinleyici, Didem Kizmaz Isancli, Onder Kilicaslan, Halil Ozdemir, Belkis Hatice Inceli, Dondu Nilay Penezoglu, Burce Dortkardesler, Rabia G Sezer Yamanel, Fatma Dilsad Aksoy, Sedanur Tekin Can, Nesli Agrali Eröz, Mucahit Kaya, Omer Kilic, Ener Cagri Dinleyici","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004622","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of meningococcal carriage and serogroup distribution is crucial for assessing the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease, forecasting outbreaks and formulating potential immunization strategies. Following the meningococcal carriage studies conducted in Turkey in 2016 and 2018, we planned to re-evaluate meningococcal carriage in children, adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the MENINGO-CARR-3 study, we collected nasopharyngeal samples from 1585 participants 0-24 years of age, across 9 different centers in Turkey. We used polymerase chain reaction and serogroup distribution to determine how common it is for people to carry Neisseria meningitidis .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall meningococcal carriage rate was 8.5% (n = 134). The serogroup distribution was as follows: serogroup A, 6%; serogroup B, 30.6%; serogroup W, 12.7%; serogroup Y, 3.7%; serogroup X, 1.5% and nongroupable as 45.5%. The highest carriage rate was found in 15-17-year-old adolescents (24.1%, 17.9%, and 20.2%, respectively). The carriage rate was higher among participants who had a previous COVID-19 infection ( P = 0.05; odds ratio: 1.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-3.44). The nasopharyngeal carriage rate was also higher than in the 2016 and 2018 studies (8.45% vs. 6.3% and 7.5%, respectively), and the most prevalent groupable serogroup was B during this study period, followed by serogroup W in 2016 and serogroup X in 2018.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study found that meningococcal carriage was higher during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, especially in adolescents and young adults. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus itself and/or pandemic mitigation strategies may affect both meningococcal carriage and serogroup distribution. Serogroup distribution varies between years, and further immunization strategies, including adolescent immunization, may play a role in controlling invasive meningococcal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"281-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presumed Levofloxacin-associated Lichenoid Drug Eruption in a Child With Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis.","authors":"Joh-Nell van der Westhuizen, Mireille Porter, Elri Nortier, Liezel Coetzee, Carol Hlela, Rannakoe J Lehloenya, Hendrik Simon Schaaf, Willem I Visser","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":"e142-e143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Viral Co-infection in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Children During the Early and Late Pandemic Periods.","authors":"Jianling Xie, Todd A Florin, Anna L Funk, Daniel J Tancredi, Nathan Kuppermann, Stephen B Freedman","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004623","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knowledge regarding the impact of respiratory pathogen co-infection in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected children seeking emergency department care is limited, specifically as it relates to the association between SARS-CoV-2 viral co-infection and disease severity and factors associated with co-infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis included data from 2 prospective cohort studies conducted between March 2020 and February 2022 that included children <18 years of age tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection along with additional respiratory viruses in a participating emergency department. Outcomes included the detection rate of other respiratory viruses and the occurrence of severe outcomes (ie, intensive interventions, severe organ impairment and death).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 2520 participants, of whom 388 (15.4%) were SARS-CoV-2-positive. Detection of additional respiratory viruses occurred in 18.3% (71/388) of SARS-CoV-2-positive children, with rhinovirus/enterovirus being most frequently detected (42/388; 10.8%). In multivariable analyses (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval), among SARS-CoV-2-positive children, detection of another respiratory virus was not associated with severe outcomes [1.74 (0.80-3.79)], but detection of rhinovirus/enterovirus [vs. isolated SARS-CoV-2 detection 3.56 (1.49-8.51)] and having any preexisting chronic medical condition [2.15 (1.06-4.36)] were associated with severe outcomes. Among SARS-CoV-2-positive children, characteristics independently associated with an increased odds of any other viral co-infection included: age and delta variant infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Approximately 1 in 5 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 had co-infection with another respiratory virus, and co-infection with rhinovirus/enterovirus was associated with severe outcomes. When public health restrictions were relaxed, co-infections increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":"333-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Child With Fever, Respiratory Distress and Pancytopenia.","authors":"M G Ramakrishnan, Joseph L Mathew, Nabhajit Mallik","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":"376-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrinologic Dysfunctions and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Pediatric Patients With a History of Central Nervous System Infection (ENDLESS): A Prospective Monocentric Study.","authors":"Giorgio Sodero, Clelia Cipolla, Anna Camporesi, Laura Martino, Simonetta Costa, Zemira Cannioto, Paolo Frassanito, Gianpiero Tamburrini, Chiara Veredice, Luca Maggio, Daniel Munblit, Francesca Raffaelli, Marco Piastra, Giuseppe Zampino, Piero Valentini, Danilo Buonsenso","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004645","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Central nervous system (CNS) infections represent some of the most critical pediatric health challenges, characterized by high mortality rates and a notable risk of long-term complications. Despite their significance, standardized guidelines for endocrinological follow-up of CNS infection survivors are lacking, leading to reliance on the expertise of individual centers and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective monocentric observational study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli in Rome, Italy. It included patients with a history of CNS infection, admitted to various pediatric departments of the hospital. The participants were selected based on a coded diagnosis of CNS infection and had completed their follow-up at the Pediatric Endocrinology Day Hospital after October 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty participants were included, comprising 53 patients with a prior CNS infection and 27 healthy controls, with a median age of 7.4 years (range 3.6-12.3 years). Endocrinologic alterations were detected in 13 patients, with 8 cases in those who had meningitis, 4 in encephalitis survivors, and 1 in a patient with a cerebral abscess. Patients with a history of CNS infections were shorter compared with healthy controls ( P = 0.027). Moreover, those who had meningitis exhibited an increased risk of developing epilepsy ( P = 0.01), neurosensory disabilities ( P = 0.034) and the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion ( P = 0.006). Patients with bacterial CNS infections were more prone to neurosensory and endocrine dysfunctions compared to those with viral or other infections. Significant differences were observed in hormone levels between previously infected patients and controls, specifically in TSH ( P < 0.001), ACTH ( P = <0.001), and cortisol ( P = 0.019). IGF-1 levels were considerably lower in the infection group, both in absolute terms and when adjusted for sex and age ( P < 0.001). The regression analysis suggested that the reduction in IGF-1 was more pronounced the earlier the CNS infection occurred, irrespective of infection type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found several endocrinologic imbalances in children who survived CNS infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11888822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Presentation of Late Latent Syphilis With Alopecia and Polyarticular Joint Pain in a 17-Year-old Teenager.","authors":"Kiriam Escobar Lee, Musa G Bolkent, Michelle Collins-Ogle, Brenda I Anosike","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":"e140-e141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Congenital HHV6 Infection Diagnosis and Treatment: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.","authors":"Andreia Fernandes, Mafalda Pereira, Íris Oliveira, Marta Novo, Marta Soares, Ana Raquel Ramalho, Vera Santos, Elsa Vinagre, Silvia Lopo, Luísa Gaspar","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) infection occurs in 1% of the general population and may result from the transmission of an inherited chromosomally integrated HHV6 (iciHHV6) or transplacental infection. It is mostly asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Case reports: </strong>Case 1: a 29th-week-old female preterm newborn, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, became clinically unstable and irritable on the 20th day of hospitalization. Cranial ultrasound, revealed a significant posthemorrhagic tetraventricular dilation, with signs of ventriculitis. Investigations revealed HHV6 positivity on cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction multiplex panel testing and HHV6-DNA high viral loads in plasma samples. Case 2: a female late preterm newborn was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to early-onset sepsis. Investigations revealed group B streptococcus positive blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid HHV6 positivity on polymerase chain reaction multiplex panel testing, with negative bacterial culture. After 3 days of adequate antibiotic treatment, she maintained persistent moaning, which motivated a cranial ultrasound, revealing mild brain edema. Clinical improvement was observed only after beginning antiviral treatment in both newborns. Due to the persistency of high viral loads in both cases, despite antiviral treatment and clinical improvement, an iciHHV6 was suspected and posteriorly confirmed.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Congenital iciHHV6 infection diagnosis is challenging because the presence of an iciHHV6 results in persistently high viral loads, even in the absence of active infection. Only a few diagnostic techniques can confirm active replication; unfortunately, these are not available in most countries. The decision to initiate antiviral treatment should be based on clinical judgment. Better ways for the diagnosis of active infection are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":"357-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fulminant Parvovirus B-19 Infection Manifesting as Acute Encephalitis Syndrome and Myocarditis in a 10-Year-old Boy.","authors":"Iqra Khan, Nimisha Sharma, Kiran Kumar Banothu, Sakshi Sachdeva, Ira Agarwal, Kavita Vani, Bijoy Patra, Sheetal Agarwal","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004620","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e139-e140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}