Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Concomitant Central and Peripheral Nervous System Involvement Associated With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Pediatric Patients: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.","authors":"Yuan Xue, Zhiwei Yu, Min Cheng, Xiujuan Li, Li Jiang, Wei Han","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004394","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae ) is a common pathogen for community-acquired pneumonia and is also implicated in a broad array of extra-pulmonary manifestations. M. pneumoniae infection is rarely associated with concurrent central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report 2 patients who presented with acute encephalitis and polyradiculitis due to M. pneumoniae infection and review the literature to discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of concomitant CNS and PNS involvement associated with M. pneumoniae infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report two 6-year-old boys with M. pneumoniae antecedent infection who presented initially with impaired consciousness followed by limb weakness, limb pain and urinary retention, and responded well to immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We described 2 patients who presented symptomatic combined CNS and PNS involvement with persistent urinary retention associated with M. pneumoniae infection. We found autoimmunity plays an important role and recommend that antibiotics and immunomodulators should be administered with concurrent CNS and PNS involvement associated with M. pneumoniae .</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e318-e321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Year-old Girl With Fever and Multiple Nodular Shadows on Chest Radiograph.","authors":"Koko Nemoto, Hiromichi Hamada, Masahiro Anbe, Hideki Katsura, Keita Yoshida, Tadao Nakazawa, Jun-Ichi Takanashi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004356","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"43 9","pages":"916-918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Tuberculous Pleurisy With Contezolid in a Child With Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: The First Case Report.","authors":"Shaolan Shi, Binbin Feng, Dan Li, Mingxia Sun, Qingling Gai, Meiying Lin","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004369","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the first reported case of a pediatric patient with tuberculous pleurisy and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency treated with contezolid concomitantly with other antituberculous drugs. The patient responded well to treatment, and no adverse events were observed. These findings suggest that contezolid may be a potential therapeutic option for tuberculous pleurisy in children and adolescents with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"43 9","pages":"869-871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Management of Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Pneumonia With Parapneumonic Effusion: An Observational Study.","authors":"Emily A Lees, Thomas C Williams, Robin Marlow, Felicity Fitzgerald, Christine Jones, Hermione Lyall, Alasdair Bamford, Louisa Pollock, Andrew Smith, Theresa Lamagni, Alison Kent, Elizabeth Whittaker","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004418","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During autumn/winter 2022, UK pediatricians reported an unseasonal increase in invasive group A streptococcal infections; a striking proportion presenting with pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinicians across the United Kingdom were requested to submit pseudonymized clinical data using a standardized report form for children (<16 years) admitted between September 30, 2022 and February 17, 2023, with microbiologically confirmed group A streptococcal pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 185 cases submitted, the median patient age was 4.4 years, and 163 (88.1%) were previously healthy. Respiratory viral coinfection was detected on admission for 101/153 (66.0%) children using extended respiratory pathogen polymerase chain reaction panel. Molecular testing was the primary method of detecting group A streptococcus on pleural fluid (86/171; 50.3% samples). Primary surgical management was undertaken in 171 (92.4%) children; 153/171 (89.4%) had pleural drain inserted (96 with fibrinolytic agent), 14/171 (8.2%) had video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Fever duration after admission was prolonged (median, 12 days; interquartile range, 9-16). Intravenous antibiotic courses varied in length (median, 14 days; interquartile range, 12-21), with many children receiving multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics, although evidence for additional bacterial infection was limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most cases occurred with viral coinfection, a previously well-recognized risk with influenza and varicella zoster, highlighting the need to ensure routine vaccination coverage and progress on vaccines for other common viruses (eg, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus) and for group A streptococcus. Molecular testing is valuable to detect viral coinfection and confirm invasive group A streptococcal diagnosis, expediting the incorporation of cases into national reporting systems. Range and duration of intravenous antibiotics administered demonstrated the need for research on the optimal duration of antimicrobials and improved stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"841-850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella Bacteremia in Spanish Pediatric Emergency Departments: Uncommon But Not Mild.","authors":"María Garrido Rodríguez, José Antonio Alonso-Cadenas, Borja Gómez, Iker Gangoiti, Susanna Hernández-Bou, Mercedes de la Torre Espí","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004379","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella spp. is an uncommon microorganism in bloodstream infections among pediatric patients in our setting, although in developing countries it is the most common causative organism in blood cultures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe the children presenting to pediatric emergency departments and diagnosed with Salmonella bacteremia (SB) and identify clinical and laboratory predictors of poor outcome (ie, complications, sequelae and death) by bivariate analysis. We performed an observational study and subanalysis of a multicenter prospective registry, including patients <18 years of age with a positive blood culture obtained at any of the 22 participating Spanish pediatric emergency departments between 2011 and 2016. We considered young age, chronic diseases, immunosuppressive treatment and intestinal flora disruption as risk factors for SB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 55 patients with SB (3.2% of registered bacteremia), 32 (58.2%) had no risk factors for SB, 42 (76.3%) had a normal pediatric assessment triangle and 45 (81.8%) an associated gastrointestinal infection (acute gastroenteritis or enteric fever). Nine (16.4%) had a poor outcome, including 1 death (1.8%). A poor outcome was more common in patients with an abnormal pediatric assessment triangle [odds ratio (OR): 51.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.2-289.5], an altered physical examination (OR: 15.2; 95% CI: 4.4-58.8) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.005-1.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most SBs were related to a gastrointestinal infection. One in 6 children had a poor outcome; abnormal pediatric assessment triangle on arrival (25% of patients) was the main risk factor identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"825-830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural History and Management of Hepatitis C in Children: 25 Years Experience of a Reference Center in Northern Italy.","authors":"Francesca Musto, Marta Stracuzzi, Elisa Crivellaro, Valeria Rubinacci, Alessandro Cibarelli, Cecilia Porro, Elena Ghidoni, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Vania Giacomet","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004374","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection natural history and management in the pediatric population are still debated. We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of a HCV pediatric population managed at the Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit of Luigi Sacco Hospital (Milan, Italy) from January 1997 to January 2022 (median follow-up 10 years) and we focused on the role of new drugs and transient elastography. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled: 8 (14%) had a spontaneous clearance, 33 were treated (58%), 7 (12%) were not treated because they were under 12 years old and 9 were lost at follow-up. HCV RNA was undetectable in all treated patients at the end of therapy, after 12 weeks (SVR12) and for the rest of their follow-up. All patients treated underwent elastography before and 1 year after therapy. Median stiffness pretherapy was 5.6 kPa, and 9 patients (16%) had abnormal transient elastography (>7 kPa, median 8.7 kPa). Median stiffness after treatment in the abnormal group was 6.8 kPa. Direct-acting antiviral agents are a safe and effective therapy for HCV chronic infection in the pediatric population. Liver elastography is normal in many vertically infected children before 12 years, but, when abnormal, it shows a significant improvement after direct-acting antiviral agent treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of elastography at diagnosis and follow-up in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"813-818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Abscess Caused by Co-infections of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Parvimonas mirca in a 5-Year-old Child.","authors":"Linlin Wu, Han Huang, Yuelin Shen","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004386","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e333-e334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospital Admission Rates and Patients' Characteristics Before the Age of 2 Years in England, 2015-2019.","authors":"Maria João Fonseca, Saskia Hagenaars, Mathieu Bangert, Clare Flach, Richard D A Hudson","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004467","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A granular understanding of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) burden in England is needed to prepare for new RSV prevention strategies. We estimated the rates of RSV hospital admissions before the age of 2 years in England and described baseline characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A birth cohort of all infants born between March 1, 2015, and February 28, 2017 (n = 449,591) was established using Clinical Practice Research Datalink-Hospital Episode Statistics. Case cohorts included infants with admission for (1) RSV, (2) bronchiolitis, (3) any respiratory tract infection (RTI) <24 months and (4) RSV predicted by an algorithm <12 months. Baseline characteristics were described in the case and comparative cohorts (infants without corresponding admission). Cumulative incidence and admission rates were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the proportion of RTI healthcare visits attributable to RSV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RSV-coded/RSV-predicted case cohorts were composed of 4813/12,694 infants (cumulative incidence: 1.1%/2.8%). Case cohort infants were more likely to have low birth weight, comorbidities and to be born during RSV season than comparative cohort infants, yet >77% were term-healthy infants and >54% were born before the RSV season. During the first year of life, 11.6 RSV-coded and 34.4 RSV-predicted hospitalizations occurred per 1000 person-years. Overall, >25% of unspecified lower RTI admissions were estimated to be due to RSV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In England, 1 in 91 infants had an RSV-coded admission, likely underestimated by ~3-fold. Most infants were term-healthy infants born before the RSV season. To decrease the total burden of RSV at the population level, immunization programs need to protect all infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"43 9","pages":"909-915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Impairment of T-cell Immunity and Pulmonary GvHD Are Major Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection After Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Marina Ascunce, Alejandra Coccolo, Yasmina Mozo, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Paula Rodriguez-Molino, Carlos Toro-Rueda, Paloma García-Clemente, Elena Sánchez-Zapardiel, Eduardo López-Granados, Dolores Corral-Sánchez, David Bueno, Luisa Sisinni, Antonio Pérez-Martínez, Cristina Calvo, Teresa Del Rosal","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004380","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are prone to infectious complications. Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria have increased in adults but literature in children is scarce. We report 6 episodes of disseminated or pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infection among 5 pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. All but one were caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. Four patients died, 2 related to nontuberculous mycobacteria infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"885-888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multidisciplinary Approach: Management and Rehabilitation of Children With Pediatric Post-COVID-19 Condition.","authors":"Lieke Noij, Suzanne Terheggen-Lagro, Eefje Muselaers, Elizabeth Whittaker, Justine Gosling, Caroline Brackel, Kim Oostrom, Mattijs Alsem","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004408","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-COVID-19 condition in children is a still largely unknown syndrome with a diverse pattern of symptoms, which can have a major impact on daily life. Currently, there are no evidence-based proven treatments, and the focus is on symptom management and recovery of daily functioning. A multidisciplinary, tailored approach is recommended, with attention to energy management and activity building, where the main goal should be a return to baseline levels of cognitive, physical and social activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"880-884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}