Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Human Metapneumovirus-associated Liver Enzyme Elevation in Children: Case Series of Nine Patients.","authors":"Abdulkerim Elmas, Tuğba Gürsoy Koca, Mustafa Akcam, Orkun Cemal Ozdemir","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis in Children.","authors":"Valeria Rubinacci, Lara López Rodríguez, Anna Jiménez, Pablo Rojo","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEMIERRE'S SYNDROME OF THE UTERUS: A Case of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Streptococcus anginosus Septic Postpartum Endomyometritis.","authors":"Kathryn S Moffett, Kylie A Fuller, Eyassu Hailemichael, Rita Sico, Robert L Snedegar, Kelly F Cummings, Megan S Varvoutis","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a genital tract Fusobacterium necrophorum and Streptococcus anginosus postpartum infection causing Lemierre's syndrome in a 17-year-old female. This resulted in sepsis, endomyometritis, oophoritis, thrombosis of the right ovarian vein, thrombocytopenia and hysterectomy. Prompt recognition leading to aggressive medical/surgical management of postpartum infection is vital to preserve fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shigella PCR-positive Gastroenteritis in Children: Insights From a Comparison Between Culture-positive and Culture-negative Cases.","authors":"Yehonatan Beeri, Itamar Ben Shitrit, Guy Hazan, Hezi Beniacar, Orli Sagi, Eliran Soyonov, Aviv Rashti, David Greenberg, Dani Cohen, Dana Danino","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Detection of Shigella in stool by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is rapid and highly sensitive but presents challenges in distinguishing between disease-associated and asymptomatic Shigella carriage. This study compared children with gastroenteritis who had Shigella identified in their stool by PCR-testing and a positive stool culture to those with Shigella identified by PCR-testing but a negative culture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All stool samples of outpatients and inpatients (<18 years) tested by multiplex-PCR at the Soroka University Medical Center laboratory between January 2020 and July 2024 were analyzed. Shigella PCR-positive samples underwent culture for species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The Vesikari scale was used to determine disease severity. Logistic regression assessed associations between culture-positivity and clinical findings, while receiver operating characteristic analysis evaluated the relationship between cycle threshold (Ct) values, culture-positivity and disease severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 39,777 stools tested by multiplex PCR, 2041 (5.1%) were Shigella-positive, of which 897 (43.9%) were also culture-positive. Among culture-positive cases, 77% grew S. sonnei and 18% S. flexneri. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed 36% sensitivity to ceftriaxone and 77% to azithromycin. Culture-positive cases had lower Ct values than culture-negative cases [23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20-26) vs. 30 (95% CI: 25-36), P < 0.001]. Among 395 hospitalized children with Shigella PCR-positive samples, 167 (42%) had positive stool cultures. Severe disease was more common in culture-positive cases (71% vs. 54%, P < 0.001). A Ct value of 28 predicted culture-positivity (adjusted odds ratios = 6.97, 95% CI: 5.62-8.68; P < 0.001) and 27 predicted severe disease (adjusted odds ratios = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.20-3.12; P = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among children with Shigella-positive PCR results, those with culture-positive samples exhibited greater disease severity and lower Ct values.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fever of Unknown Origin and Mesenteric Lymphadenitis in a Child: A Diagnostic Challenge Between Tuberculosis, Lymphoma, and Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease.","authors":"Selin Yildiz, Tuğba Erat, Birsel Şen Akova","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous Vasculitis as a Manifestation of Oropouche Fever: Case Report.","authors":"Bárbara Neffá Lapa E Silva, Ludmilla Xavier Pereira Lopes, Izabella Dos Santos Gomes, Yanne Borges Araujo, Lahiz de Carvalho Escrivaes, Magali Ana Damitio, Katherine Barbosa de Carvalho, Sylmara Libertis Pacheco, Katia Lino Baptista, Leonardo Rodrigues Campos","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Impact of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Australian Adolescents and Young Adults.","authors":"Mark McMillan, Jim Buttery, Margaret Angliss, Belinda Barton, Artemis Synn, Christopher C Blyth, Robert Booy, Suja M Mathew, David Shaw, David Gordon, Shalem Leemaqz, Morgyn Warner, Renjy Nelson, Rory Hannah, Naomi Runnegar, Allen C Cheng, Helen S Marshall","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited data exist on the long-term impact of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) contracted during adolescence and early adulthood. This study aimed to determine the long-term outcomes on neurocognitive, psychological and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in adolescents and young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>IMD survivors aged 15-25 years (2-10 years post-IMD hospitalization) and non-IMD age-matched control participants were recruited across mainland Australian states (2016-2023) and completed neurocognitive, psychological, QoL and physical assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41 IMD cases (93% serogroup B and 73% females) and 51 control participants (57% females) were enrolled in the study. There was no clinically significant difference in Full-Scale IQ between IMD cases (106, SD 11) and control participants [109, SD 14, adjusted difference -4, (95% confidence interval, -10 to 3), P = 0.2]. Mean QoL scores for IMD cases (0.80, SD 0.21) and control participants (0.90, SD 0.09) were similar [adjusted difference -0.06, (95% confidence interval, -0.13 to 0.02), P = 0.2]. Mathematical reasoning was poorer in cases than in controls (P = 0.02). IMD cases had significantly higher rates of psychological symptoms than controls (58% vs. 31%, P = 0.01), including posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (10% vs. 0%, P = 0.03) and alcohol dependence (18% vs. 2%, P = 0.04). Physician-assessed physical sequelae were present in 15% of IMD survivors (50% severe).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While long-term outcomes for adolescents and young adult IMD survivors show no significant impact on intellectual functioning or overall QoL, they experienced substantial psychological and physical sequelae. The impact on mental health underscores the need for comprehensive postdischarge psychological follow-up and care for IMD survivors, in addition to care for physical sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Pediatric Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Nationwide Claims-based Comparison With Adults in Japan.","authors":"Daisuke Yamasaki, Yoshiki Kusama, Shiho Ito, Masaki Tanabe","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a growing concern, yet nationwide data from Japan are scarce. Current guidelines often discourage CDI testing in infants due to a presumed low incidence of clinical disease. We aimed to characterize the epidemiology and risk factors of pediatric CDI in Japan, focusing on age-specific patterns and community-onset cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis using the Japan Medical Data Center claims database from 2013 to 2022. CDI cases were defined by the presence of both diagnostic testing and anti-CDI treatment within 7 days. Episodes that relapsed within 8 weeks were excluded. CDI onset setting was classified according to CDC/NHSN criteria. Risk factors were evaluated by age and onset setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 4090 CDI cases, 284 were pediatric. The incidence in children aged 0-2 years was comparable to that in older children, challenging current assumptions. Risk factor profiles varied by age group and setting, with inflammatory bowel disease being a prominent risk factor in children (28.9% vs. 14.8% in adults/older adults), particularly in adolescents (43.5%). Critically, nearly half of community-onset pediatric CDI cases had no prior antibiotic exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This first large-scale study of pediatric CDI in Japan revealed that CDI can occur in children without prior antibiotic exposure, particularly in community settings. These findings support consideration of revisions to management strategies for pediatric CDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life Impact of Varicella on Children and Their Families in the UK: The QoLPoX Study.","authors":"Robin Marlow, Marion Roderick, Jenny Oliver, Zoe Jordan, Isabel Rowbotham, Steve Jones, Suzanne Wilkins, Clara Thompson, Liz Whittaker, Delia Bethell, Fiona Shackley, Katrina Cathie, Paul T Heath, Jenny Langlands, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Fernanda Rodrigues, Adam Finn","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Varicella (chickenpox) is a ubiquitous disease of childhood in the UK, yet highly effective and safe vaccines have been routinely used in other countries for years. Previous UK assessments of varicella vaccines did not meet the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence £20-30k/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) cost utility threshold, in part due to limited data quantifying the quality of life (QoL) lost.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a prospective multicenter observational study recruiting families while their child had acute varicella or secondary complications. We recruited severe cases admitted to hospital and mild community cases from childcare. QoL was assessed using standard tools: EQ5D-5L + CHU9 for children and EQ5D-5L for both carers. Assessments were carried out daily in the hospitalized arm until discharge, weekly for 1 month and then at 6 months. In the community arm, assessments were daily until back to normal health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2018 and 2022, we obtained data on 55 community and 140 hospitalized cases. Mean QALY loss in children was 6.7 (6.1-7.0)/1000 community cases and 46.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 44.5-51.6]/1000 hospitalized. Primary carers lost 2.4 (95% CI: 2.2-2.8)/1000 community cases or 20.2 (95% CI: 19.4-22.3)/1000 hospitalized. Secondary carers lost 0.7 (0.3-0.7)/1000 community cases or 15.8 (95% CI: 15.5-18.1)/1000 hospitalized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This detailed prospective assessment of QoL loss from varicella found it to be 1.5-10× larger in children than used in previous economic assessments and quantified the QALY loss for both primary and secondary carers. These data have been used to parameterize new assessments of UK varicella vaccine cost utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis on Postimplementation of Minas Gerais Screening Program.","authors":"Ericka Viana Machado Carellos, Elisa Maria Silva Vieira, Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos, Danuza Oliveira Machado, Roberta Maia Castro Romanelli, Luciana Macedo Resende, Ana Lívia Libardi, Jose Nélio Januário, Gláucia Manzan Queiroz Andrade","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital toxoplasmosis is both prevalent and severe in Brazil. The Minas Gerais Congenital Toxoplasmosis Control Program (PCTC-MG) used prenatal and neonatal screening to identify neonates at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory parameters used to diagnose the disease in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included children with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis who participated in the PCTC-MG between 2013 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 347 children participated in the study; 228 had confirmed toxoplasmosis and 119 were excluded. The majority (314/347; 90.5%) underwent neonatal screening for IgM in filter paper (FP). Among these, 269/314 (85.7%) had positive or indeterminate results, with 186 (69.1%) confirmed infections, while 45/314 (14.3%) had nonreactive results, with 17 confirmed infections. There was an association between treatment during pregnancy (45/227; 19.8%) and a lower number of reagent IgM results in FP (P = 0.002) and serum (P = 0.001). A higher gestational age was associated with a higher proportion of IgM in the FP (P = 0.001) and serum (P = 0.004). Retinochoroiditis (73.2%; 167/228) and neurological changes (36.9%; 75/203) were frequent in the infected children. The treatment decision was based on the presence of IgM/IgA (176/226; 77.9%), retinochoroiditis (45/226; 19.9%) or persistence/increase in IgG levels (4/226; 1.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screening with specific and sensitive serology identified most, but not all, children with congenital toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmologic evaluations and neuroimaging are mandatory in this context. The absence of IgM in the FP did not exclude the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}