Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Insight Into Severe Neonatal COVID-19 Gained Through Whole Exome Sequencing of Twin Neonates.","authors":"Jennie Godwin, John Daniel, Susana Chavez-Bueno, Venkatesh Sampath","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004501","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genetic basis of neonatal COVID-19 infection, which exhibits a range of severity, has not been investigated. We identified both shared and unique genetic variants involved in antiviral immune responses through whole exome sequencing of an infant who developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome and the twin brother also positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, but with only moderate respiratory symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"44-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Associated Factors and Outcomes in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Matched Case-control Study.","authors":"Susannah Franco, Ashraf Abdelhemid, Lawrence Fordjour, Stephan Kohlhoff, Margaret R Hammerschlag","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004530","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multi-drug-resistant, hospital-acquired Gram-negative bacillus associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to identify risk factors and outcomes associated with S. maltophilia isolation in a high-risk neonatal population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective matched case-control study. Cases were matched 1:2 for years of neonatal intensive care unit admission, completed weeks' gestational age and birth weight in 250-gram incremental categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15 cases and 35 controls were included in the analyses. Risk factors for S. maltophilia isolation included days of antibiotics (24 vs. 18, P = 0.036), days of broad-spectrum antibiotics (19 vs. 12 days, P = 0.027), days of meropenem (9 vs. 6 days, P = 0.018) and any meropenem exposure (100% vs. 22%, P = 0.005). Other risk factors were any corticosteroid exposure (66.7% vs. 20%, P = 0.001), days of total parenteral nutrition (55 vs. 31 days, P = 0.017) and days of invasive mechanical ventilation (28 vs. 7, P = 0.015). S. maltophilia isolation was associated with increased length of neonatal intensive care unit stay (134 vs. 69 days, P < 0.001) and mortality (33.3% vs. 0%, P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antibiotic stewardship efforts should be made to decrease the risk of S. maltophilia isolation and associated mortality. Carbapenem over-use should be specifically addressed with institutional policies and unit-based guidelines. Additional neonatal studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore other possible risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment of Neonatal Human Parechovirus Central Nervous System Infection With Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Two Twins.","authors":"Grecia Abigayl Turrubiates-Hernández, Lindsay Ariadna Concha-Mora, Ana Laura Ballesteros-Suárez, Dante Ivan Terrones-Martínez, Oscar Tamez-Rivera","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004527","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"e34-e35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Approach to Antimicrobial Stewardship for Central Nervous System Infections.","authors":"Evan E Facer, Jason G Newland","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004518","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e7-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Clinical Outcomes of Nasal Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Polymerase Chain Reaction Utilization.","authors":"Salih Demirhan, Kevin Burgos, Kiriam Escobar Lee, Philip Lee, Sharlene Sy, Betsy C Herold, Brenda I Anosike","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004533","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a clinical challenge in selecting empiric antimicrobials for pediatric infections. We implemented nasal MRSA polymerase chain reaction (nMRSA PCR) screening as a diagnostic tool and evaluated its impact on empiric antibiotic use and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective single-center study of patients hospitalized with infections who were empirically prescribed anti-MRSA antibiotics was conducted prior to and following the initiation of nMRSA PCR screening. Electronic medical records, pharmacy data and bacterial cultures results were reviewed. Predictive values of nMRSA PCR testing were calculated and the duration of anti-MRSA empiric therapy and clinical outcomes preimplementation and postimplementation were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the preimplementation period, there were 382 distinct episodes (294 unique patients) that met the inclusion criteria and during post-nMRSA PCR implementation, 394 episodes (360 unique patients) were identified. The median time to discontinuation of anti-MRSA antibiotics and proportion of patients prescribed anti-MRSA antibiotics at discharge were significantly lower in postimplementation compared with preimplementation period; 48 versus 56 hours, P < 0.001 and 20.1% versus 40.3%, P < 0.001, respectively. The negative and positive predictive values of nMRSA PCR compared to clinical culture results were 95.6% and 51.2%, respectively. Predefined adverse outcomes were documented in 11 patients who had early anti-MRSA discontinuation with negative nMRSA PCR results but only 3 were restarted on anti-MRSA treatment and none grew MRSA in clinical cultures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shortened anti-MRSA antibiotic duration, high negative predictive value and low adverse events provide promising evidence that nMRSA PCR is an effective, rapid antimicrobial stewardship tool for hospitalized children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Update on Treatment Options for Resistant Kawasaki Disease.","authors":"Shu Ki Tsoi, David Burgner, Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez, Linny K Phuong","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004561","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e11-e15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Candidiasis in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancy: Increased Risk of Dissemination With Candida tropicalis.","authors":"Amira M Said, Faraz Afridi, Michele S Redell, Chelsea Vrana, Candelaria O'Farrell, Michael E Scheurer, Natalie J Dailey Garnes, Maria Monica Gramatges, Ankhi Dutta","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004502","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida species are the most common cause of invasive fungal disease, and children with hematologic malignancy are at increased risk. Non- albicans Candida (NAC) now account for more than half of all invasive candidiasis (IC) and carry a worse prognosis. We aimed to compare the epidemiology, risk factors, organ dissemination, biomarkers and outcomes in IC based on the species implicated and evaluate trends in antifungal resistance over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients 0-18 years of age with hematologic malignancy and IC at 2 centers were included. Fifty-three patients from 2011 to 2022 were identified. Information related to demographics, host and risk factors, Candida species and antifungal susceptibilities, treatment and outcomes was collected via retrospective chart review. Data were analyzed at the species level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate of IC was 29 per 1000 patients with leukemia and lymphoma. The median time to infection from diagnosis of malignancy was 38 days. Candida tropicalis (n = 17; 30%) was the most identified species followed by Candida albicans (n = 14; 25%). Patients with C. tropicalis infection were more likely to have dissemination to the eyes ( P = 0.035), spleen ( P = 0.001) and skin ( P = 0.003) than patients with C. albicans or other NAC. Of the 34 patients who underwent dilated retinal examination, 24% (n = 8) had evidence of intraocular candidiasis. Seven of the 8 patients with intraocular disease had prolonged candidemia (3 or more days; P = 0.003). The 12-week crude mortality rate was 16.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NAC, specifically C. tropicalis , accounted for most of the IC in children with hematological malignancies. Screening for intraocular candidiasis continues to play an important role in patients with IC, and future studies are needed to determine if screening can be limited to patients with select risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do We Need a Lyme Disease Vaccine?","authors":"Stanley A Plotkin","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004537","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004537","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Aspergillus Involvement in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: Thyroiditis.","authors":"Tuğçe Tural Kara, Hatice Burcu Çağlar Kizil, Hafize Selma Çetin, Ayşe Kübra Açik, Onur Tekeli, Gülşah Kaya Aksoy, Mennan Yiğitcan Çelik, Kağan Çeken","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004519","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e30-e31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Neonatal Influenza A Myocarditis.","authors":"Elisabeth Ralser, Christina Edwards, Michaela Höck, Susanne Sprung, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Elke Griesmaier","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004516","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A term baby underwent unexpected, fatal resuscitation in the delivery room. The mother suffered from a common cold during her last trimester of pregnancy. All other examinations throughout gestation were normal. Despite immediate, extended and effective resuscitation, heart rate did not exceed 15-20 beats/minute. In the autopsy, fetal myocarditis due to influenza A infection was detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e4-e6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}