Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Neonatal Sepsis.","authors":"Vanishree Nandakumar, Shady Hazzaa, Firas Saker, Hany Aly, Mohamed A Mohamed","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004572","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis is a significant health burden in the neonatal population. Although disparities in neonatal care have been reported, there are no data on racial/ethnic disparities in the context of sepsis. Therefore, we aimed to assess racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence and outcomes of neonatal sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The national inpatient Kids' Inpatient Database produced by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project was used for the year 2019. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes were used to identify the primary outcome of the neonates diagnosed with sepsis. The χ 2 and Fisher tests were used to calculate odds ratios for categorical variables, and logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) to account for confounders in neonatal sepsis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 3,512,817 patients, 202,103 patients with neonatal sepsis were identified across all racial and ethnic groups. Overall prevalence was statistically significant in Black [aOR, 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.17)], Hispanic [aOR, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.15-1.22)], Asian/Pacific Islander [aOR, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05-1.16)] and Native Americans [aOR, 1.17 (95% CI, 1.04-1.31)] compared with Whites. In Black infants, the OR for the overall mortality was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.28-1.42), and sepsis-related mortality was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.06-1.35) compared to Whites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the prevalence of sepsis is marginally higher in Hispanic infants compared with Whites, the overall and sepsis-related mortalities are the highest in Black infants compared with all races and ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e85-e89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving COVID-19 Landscape: Assessing the Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in Adolescents.","authors":"Philip Lee, Kiriam Escobar Lee, Brenda I Anosike","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) in preventing severe coronavirus disease 2019 in adolescents (12-18). Conducted from January 2022 to July 2023, it compared hospital admissions and healthcare visits within 30 days post-treatment. Results showed similar follow-up rates between treated and untreated groups, with slightly more adverse effects in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir group. Further research is needed to confirm its efficacy in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"e81-e84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outpatient Laboratory Monitoring for Antibiotic-related Adverse Events in Children With Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis.","authors":"Felicia O Rosiji, Marritta Joseph, Lauren M Sommer, Sheldon L Kaplan, Jesus G Vallejo, J Chase McNeil","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004576","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring for antibiotic-related lab abnormalities (ARLA), including hematologic, renal, and/or hepatic toxicity, in pediatric osteomyelitis is common. In 240 cases of osteomyelitis with outpatient laboratory monitoring, ARLA occurred in 13.3% with the most common finding being neutropenia. ARLA impacted antibiotic therapy in <1% of subjects, however, raising questions about the value of such monitoring being performed routinely.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e74-e76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Serologic TORCH Testing During Pregnancy for Maternal-related Versus Fetal-related Indications: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Raneen Abu Shqara, Maya Kaufman, Shany Or, Daniel Glikman, Lior Lowenstein, Maya Frank Wolf","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004591","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clear guidelines have not been established about the utility of TORCH serology testing in women for whom TORCH infection is suspected according to clinical and laboratory manifestations during pregnancy. We aimed to compare rates of TORCH infections [specifically cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma and rubella] in women who underwent TORCH serology testing due to maternal- versus fetal-related indications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 10-year single-center retrospective study included all the women beyond 24 weeks of gestation who underwent TORCH serology testing due to maternal- or fetal-related indications. Maternal-related indications included fever, gastroenteritis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia. Fetal-related indications included intrauterine growth restriction, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 304 women underwent TORCH serology testing due to maternal-related indications and 771 due to fetal-related indications. For the maternal-related compared with the fetal-related indication group, maternal and congenital TORCH infections were more prevalent ( P = 0.015), specifically CMV ( P = 0.036). Eight (2.6%) of the women with maternal-related indications had a primary TORCH infection; 4 of them (50%) had concomitant congenital infections. Six (0.8%) of the women with fetal-related indications had a primary infection; none had a related congenital infection. Among the women with maternal-related indications, higher rates of maternal TORCH infection were found among those with thrombocytopenia (7.1%) and elevated liver enzymes (3.0%). During the study period, maternal-indicated TORCH testing detected 10.8% of neonates born with a confirmed TORCH infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical yield of TORCH serology for nonspecific sonographic fetal features was low. Nonetheless, maternal-related indications should prompt testing for CMV and Toxoplasma infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza-associated Intussusception: \"You Too, Intussusception\".","authors":"Mitsuaki Yoshino, Daisuke Matsubara, Yoshitaka Shinno, Tadahiro Mitani, Hironori Shimozawa, Kazuo Takahashi, Tomoyuki Ota, Yuji Gunji","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004590","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e107-e109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Layah Alkoby-Meshulam, Daisy Rosenthal-Shtern, Ori Snapiri, David Levy, Nimrod Sachs, Merav Sokolov, Efraim Bilavsky","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004574","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The leading nonhereditary cause of childhood sensorineural hearing loss has been attributed to congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). Sensorineural hearing loss can be unilateral (UHL) or bilateral (BHL), and may be progressive. Our objective was to describe the characteristics, clinical nature and follow-up of ears in cCMV-associated UHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 16-year retrospective study was performed at Schneider's Medical Center, Israel. Data were collected from all cCMV infants with UHL at birth who were treated with antiviral treatment initiated within the first 4 weeks of life and had a follow-up period of at least 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 67 infants diagnosed with UHL at birth: 17 (25%) with mild hearing loss, 22 (33%) with moderate hearing loss and 28 (42%) with severe hearing loss. At the last follow-up visit, 7 (41%) ears in the mild hearing loss group improved to normal hearing, 8 (47%) ears exhibited no change and 2 (12%) ears deteriorated. In the moderate hearing loss group, 9 (41%) ears improved, 7 (32%) remained static and 6 (27%) deteriorated to the severe hearing loss group. One (4%) ear in the severe hearing loss group showed improvement. Of the 67 ears with normal hearing at birth, 4 (6%) ears deteriorated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study assessed and elucidated the characteristics, clinical nature and long-term follow-up of both the affected and unaffected ears diagnosed with UHL due to cCMV. These data are crucial when medical and/or surgical interventions are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"234-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense and Nonsense of Bacterial Decolonization in Neonatal Care.","authors":"Katharina Last, Cihan Papan, Julia Anna Bielicki","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004701","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e99-e101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Recent Increase in Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.","authors":"Blake Martin, Peter E DeWitt, Seth Russell, Melissa Haendel, Nelson Sanchez-Pinto, David J Albers, Ravi R Jhaveri, Richard Moffitt, Tellen D Bennett","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004575","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation efforts waned, viral respiratory infections (VRIs) surged, potentially increasing the risk of postviral invasive bacterial infections (IBIs). We sought to evaluate the change in epidemiology and relationships between specific VRIs and IBIs [complicated pneumonia, complicated sinusitis and invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS)] over time using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) dataset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a secondary analysis of all prospectively collected pediatric (<19 years old) and adult encounters at 58 N3C institutions, stratified by era: pre-pandemic (January 1, 2018, to February 28, 2020) versus pandemic (March 1, 2020, to June 1, 2023). We compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients with prespecified VRIs and IBIs, including correlation between VRI cases and subsequent IBI cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 965,777 pediatric and 9,336,737 adult hospitalizations. Compared with pre-pandemic, pandemic-era children demonstrated higher mean monthly cases of adenovirus (121 vs. 79.1), iGAS (5.8 vs. 3.3), complicated pneumonia (282 vs. 178) and complicated sinusitis (29.8 vs. 16.3), P < 0.005 for all. Among pandemic-era children, peak correlation between RSV cases and subsequent complicated sinusitis cases occurred with a 60-day lag (correlation coefficient 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.59, P < 0.001) while peak correlation between influenza and complicated sinusitis occurred with a 33-day lag (0.55, 0.51-0.58, P < 0.001). Correlation among other VRI-IBI pairs was modest during the pandemic and often lower than during the pre-pandemic era.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since COVID-19 emerged, mean monthly cases of iGAS, complicated pneumonia, and complicated sinusitis have been higher. Pandemic-era RSV and influenza cases were correlated with subsequent cases of complicated sinusitis in children. However, many other VRI-IBI correlations decreased during the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Treponema pallidum pallidum in an Adolescent With Syphilitic Hepatitis.","authors":"Luciana Noemi Garcia, Samanta Moroni, Magdalena Meijomil, Nicolas Gonzalez, Fernanda Lascano, Franco Mangone, Belen Warszatska, Guillermo Moscatelli, María Angeles Pando, Jaime Marcelo Altcheh","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004611","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 3","pages":"e111-e112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral Treatment and Risk of Hearing Loss in Asymptomatic and Mild Symptomatic Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus.","authors":"Serena Villaverde, Roberto Pedrero-Tomé, Vassiliki Papaevangelou, Garyfallia Syridou, Sofia Karagiannidou, Hermione Lyall, Helen Payne, Marie Antoinette Frick, Pere Soler-Palacín, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Paula Rodríguez-Molino, Claudia Fortuny-Guasch, Maria Rios-Barnés, Miguel Sánchez-Mateos, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano, Xavier Bringué, Elisenda Moliner, Laura Castells, Oihana Muga, Isabel Vives-Oños, Despoina Gkentzi, Giuseppina Lombardi, Alfredo Tagarro, Elena Colino, Jose A Couceiro, Pablo Rojo, Joaquín de Vergas, Daniel Blázquez-Gamero","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004583","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess hearing outcomes at 24 months of age in infants with mild congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, depending on whether they have received antiviral treatment or not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study within the European Registry of Children with cCMV was performed. Included children had cCMV diagnosed in utero/in the first 21 days of life, with normal physical examination, alanine aminotransferase <80 U/L and platelets >100,000 cs/mm 3 and absence of hearing loss (HL) at birth. Cranial ultrasound (cUS) and/or cranial magnetic resonance imaging was normal or with minor findings (isolated lenticulostriate vasculopathy and/or germinolysis/caudothalamic or subependymal cysts, and/or focal/multifocal white matter involvement). The main outcome was the presence of HL at 24 months of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred ninety-six patients met inclusion criteria. A total of 34.7% received antiviral treatment with valganciclovir/ganciclovir. Children treated had lower gestational age, birth weight and head circumference, and maternal primary infection was less frequent. Among treated children, 21.3% presented minor findings in cUS versus 6.3% in nontreatment group ( P = 0.003). Nine patients (4.6%) developed HL at 24 months. Among children with HL, 20% presented minor findings in cUS versus 11.3% in non-HL group ( P = NS). HL rate was similar in treated and nontreated groups (4.6% vs. 6.3%; P = 0.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One-third of the children were treated with antivirals and infants with minor neuroimaging findings at birth were more likely to receive antiviral. There were no differences in the prevalence of HL at 2 years of age between treated and not-treated children. Minor neuroimaging findings were not clearly associated with an increased risk of delayed onset HL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"239-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}