Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children or Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis?: A Case Report.","authors":"Nihal Akçay, Demet Tosun, Ilyas Bingölİt, Şadan Hacisalihoğlu","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterococcal Central Nervous System Infections in Children: A 22 Years' Experience in a Tertiary Center and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Aviad Schnapp, Sergei Elber-Dorozko, Violeta Temper, Oren Gordon, Dina Averbuch","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004342","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterococcal meningitis in children is rare, and its clinical presentation, laboratory characteristics and outcomes are not well defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of Enterococcal meningitis cases during 2002-2023 at our tertiary center.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 10 cases in children 2 weeks to 15 years old (median age: 8 months). Seven children were males and 9 had comorbidities, including a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 5 children. All children with shunt infections presented with nonspecific signs and symptoms. While 8 children presented with fever, only 3 had signs of meningeal irritation and altered consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was evident in almost all children with a median of 173 cells/mL. Nine cases were due to Enterococcus faecalis , and 1 case was due to E. faecium . All 5 children with ventriculoperitoneal shunt underwent shunt removal and replacement. All children recovered without documented sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enterococcal meningitis is rare, especially in healthy neonates. It typically occurs following neurosurgical interventions and may only present with fever and shunt malfunction, without overt meningeal signs and with mild inflammation. The prognosis is favorable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Generic Pediatric Dolutegravir Dispersible Tablet in Thai Young Children Living With HIV Weighing Below Twenty Kilograms.","authors":"Athiporn Rungsapphaiboon, Noppadol Wacharachaisurapol, Suvaporn Anugulruengkitt, Pugpen Sirikutt, Chayapa Phasomsap, Monta Tawan, Chutima Saisaengjan, Yossawadee Na Nakorn, Nantika Paiboon, Wipaporn Natalie Songtaweesin, Yardpiroon Tawon, Tim R Cressey, Thanyawee Puthanakit","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004366","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dolutegravir (DTG) dispersible tablet (DTG-DT) is a pediatric-friendly formulation. We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics and virologic responses of generic DTG-DT in children weighing <20 kg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children living with HIV-1 and <7 years of age weighing 6 to <20 kg were eligible. A generic 10-mg scored DTG-DT was administered to children using 3 weight bands (WB): WB1 (6 to <10 kg), WB2 (10 to <14 kg) and WB3 (14 to <20 kg), at doses of 20 mg (higher than World Health Organization recommendation of 15 mg), 20 mg and 25 mg, respectively. Steady-state intensive pharmacokinetics (PK) was performed in fasting condition with blood sampling at predose and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours postdose. DTG PK parameters were estimated using a noncompartmental analysis, and DTG trough concentrations (C 24 ) and 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve were calculated. Comparisons were made with ODYSSEY and IMPAACT 2019. And 90% effective concentration of 0.32 mg/L was used as a reference individual DTG C 24 concentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From August 2021 to March 2023, 29 Thai children with a median (interquartile range) age of 3.2 (1.5-4.8) years were enrolled; 8 in WB1, 9 in WB2 and 12 in WB3. All children were treatment experienced and 59% had HIV RNA <200 copies/mL. Overall geometric mean (coefficient of variation percentage) DTG C 24 was 1.0 (46%) mg/L [WB1, 0.9 (53%); WB2, 0.9 (27%); WB3, 1.2 (51%)]. Geometric mean (coefficient of variation percentage) 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve was 83.2 (24%) mg h/L [WB1, 84.3 (31%); WB2, 76.9 (16%); WB3, 87.6 (25%)]. At weeks 24 and 48, 90% and 92% of participants had plasma HIV RNA <200 copies/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Generic DTG-DT provided adequate drug exposure in children weighing 6 to <20 kg. The exploratory dose of DTG 20 mg for children weighing 6 to <10 kg showed similar PK parameters to World Health Organization doses in the other WB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Verification of an Artificial Intelligence Prediction Model for Children With Sepsis.","authors":"Li Wang, Yu-Hui Wu, Yong Ren, Fan-Fan Sun, Shao-Hua Tao, Hong-Xin Lin, Chuang-Sen Zhang, Wen Tang, Zhuang-Gui Chen, Chun Chen, Li-Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004376","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early identification of high-risk groups of children with sepsis is beneficial to reduce sepsis mortality. This article used artificial intelligence (AI) technology to predict the risk of death effectively and quickly in children with sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This retrospective observational study was conducted in the PICUs of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 2016 to June 2019 and Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2019 to July 2020. The children were divided into a death group and a survival group. Different machine language (ML) models were used to predict the risk of death in children with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 671 children with sepsis were enrolled. The accuracy (ACC) of the artificial neural network model was better than that of support vector machine, logical regression analysis, Bayesian, K nearest neighbor method and decision tree models, with a training set ACC of 0.99 and a test set ACC of 0.96.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AI model can be used to predict the risk of death due to sepsis in children in the PICU, and the artificial neural network model is better than other AI models in predicting mortality risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coccidioidomycosis With Uncommon Extrapulmonary Manifestations: A Case Report.","authors":"Lindsay Ariadna Concha-Mora, Diego Ivan Rodríguez-Mendoza, Oscar Tamez-Rivera","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Pediatric Case of Endocarditis Caused by Moraxella nonliquefaciens : Importance of Molecular Diagnosis.","authors":"Saeka Yoshitake, Yoshiki Kusama, Fuko Shiomi, Toru Nakahashi, Naoki Toyota, Kosuke Yoshizawa, Yusuke Ito, Katsunori Kamimura","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004339","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Launch of Board Certification in Pediatric Infectious Diseases in Japan.","authors":"Akihiko Saitoh, Katsumi Nishiya, Isao Miyairi, Kensuke Shoji, Naruhiko Ishiwada, Masahiko Katayose, Tadashi Hoshino, Shouichi Ohga, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Kazunobu Ouchi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004388","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To cultivate specialists in pediatric infectious diseases (ID) in Japan, the Japanese Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases initiated board certification for pediatric ID in 2017. Previously, in 2014, we had formed a committee for board certification in pediatric ID and discussed the fundamentals of the board certification system, including the goals, requirements for designated training institutions, provisional certification of pediatric ID specialists and eligibility for and content of the board certification examination. After approval from 31 programs, the pediatric ID programs started in 2017 with 8 fellows in 7 programs. The first 6 graduates received board certification in 2020. To date, 61 pediatricians have been board certified as pediatric ID specialists. In parallel, we introduced board certification for pediatricians who work mainly in primary care settings and have a special interest in pediatric ID. This system has certified 338 pediatricians. During and after the development of the programs, we achieved substantial progress in highlighting the pivotal role of pediatric ID specialists, including the establishment and maintenance of antimicrobial stewardship programs, pediatric ID consultations and introduction of viral diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction at institutions. However, several issues need to be addressed, including the establishment of independent pediatric ID departments in institutions, payment of consultation fees, program site visits, maintenance of certification and cultivation of physician-scientists. These challenges will be the focus of future efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children With Long COVID: A Case-controlled Study.","authors":"Fabiana Baldi, Cristina De Rose, Francesco Mariani, Rosa Morello, Francesca Raffaelli, Piero Valentini, Danilo Buonsenso","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004371","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a noninvasive and nonexpensive diagnostic tool, that provides a comprehensive evaluation of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems' integrated reactions to exercise. CPET has been extensively used in adults with Long COVID (LC), while the evidence about its role in children with this condition is scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective, case-controlled observational study. Children with LC and a control group of healthy children underwent CPET. CPET findings were compared within the 2 groups, and within the LC groups according to main clusters of persisting symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one children with LC and 29 healthy controls were included. Overall, 90.2% of LC patients (55 of 61) had a pathologic test vs 10.3% (3/29) of the healthy control. Children with LC presented a statistically significant higher probability of having abnormal values of peak VO2 ( P = 0.001), AT% pred ( P <0.001), VO2/HR % ( P = 0.03), VO2 work slope ( P = 0.002), VE/VCO2 slope ( P = 0.01). The mean VO2 peak was 30.17 (±6.85) in LC and 34.37 (±6.55) in healthy patients ( P = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, children with LC have objective impaired functional capacity (expressed by a low VO2 peak), signs of deconditioning and cardiogenic inefficiency when assessed with CPET. As such, CPET should be routinely used in clinical practice to objectify and phenotype the functional limitations of children with LC, and to follow-up them.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Infant Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on the Immunogenicity of Other Vaccines: A Randomized Exploratory Study.","authors":"Alexander Maytum, David Porter, Philip de Whalley, Amber Thompson, Emma Plested, Simon Kerridge, Xinxue Liu, Gaby Smits, Fiona van der Klis, Matthew D Snape, Elizabeth Clutterbuck, Andrew J Pollard","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004373","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the immunogenicity of separately administered serogroup C meningococcal vaccine and other vaccinations was examined in 28 infants randomized to receive BCG at age ≤7 days, at 3 months or after study completion. Immunogenicity of the serogroup C meningococcal vaccine and other routine vaccines might be improved when BCG is administered in early infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Cause of Preseptal Cellulitis: Neisseria meningitidis.","authors":"Nursel Atay Ünal, Tuğba Bedir Demirdağ, Bercın Tarlan, Meltem Polat, Anıl Tapısız, Hasan Tezer","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004352","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}