Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Improved Uptake of Vaccinations in Children With Adverse Events Following Immunization After Specialist Immunization Service Intervention in an Australian Pediatric Hospital.","authors":"Jialin Sabrina Yee, Rebecca Doyle, Sophie Chien-Hui Wen","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) have significant implications for public health, potentially leading to decreased immunization rates and vaccine hesitancy. Understanding the characteristics and outcomes of children experiencing AEFI is crucial for effective intervention strategies and informed decision-making. This study aimed to describe the diverse range of AEFI presentations, identify common referral sources and assess factors influencing vaccination uptake following specialist consultation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2022, analyzing AEFI data from 191 children referred to a Specialist Immunization Service (SIS) at an Australian pediatric health service. Demographic data, referral details, vaccination history, and AEFI types were considered. Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate models, were employed to predict vaccination outcomes post-SIS consultation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of children referred was 2 years. General practitioners were the major referral source (68%). Urticarial rash was the most prevalent AEFI referred (29%). Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was the most implicated vaccine (38%). The majority (69%) were successfully vaccinated following SIS consultation with 3% experiencing a subsequent AEFI (all mild). Older age is found to be associated with less likelihood for vaccination (odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.99, P = 0.027). Formal reporting of AEFI was low (26%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe adverse events, including anaphylaxis, were rare, and a SIS played an important role in vaccinating children following AEFI. Vaccination following urticarial rash is likely safe, and options such as a drop-in immunization center in a hospital setting may reduce delay to the next dose in scheduled vaccinations following AEFI. AEFI reporting needs to be promoted, and a patient-initiated reporting system may enhance this.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus clausii Bacteremia After Probiotic Usage in a Preterm Neonate With Short Bowel Syndrome.","authors":"Ruwa Mohamed, Anju Sharma, Eman Al Maslamani, Nada Shurab, Andrés Pérez-López, Mohammed Suleiman","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004722","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Masked Bandit of Milestones: A Case of Baylisascaris procyonis.","authors":"Mitchell J Witkowski, Hayley Sharma, Nicole Adams, Jodie M Meara, Abdulrahman Batwa, Shaina M Hecht, Aneesha Kamath","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACTIVE POST-MARKETING SAFETY SURVEILLANCE OF NIRSEVIMAB ADMINISTERED TO CHILDREN IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA, APRIL-JULY 2024.","authors":"Dale Carcione, Phoebe Spencer, Grace Pettigrew, Alan Leeb, Carla Drake-Brockman, Timothy Ford, Paul Effler","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children receiving nirsevimab were texted a link to an online survey to monitor adverse events following immunization. Total of 4340 parents received the link, which 1195 (27.5%) responded. Forty-seven (11.4%) of 410 children who received nirsevimab alone and 230 (29.3%) of 785 children who received nirsevimab coadministered reported any reaction. No adverse events required in-patient care or had ongoing sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Impact of Rapid Molecular Microbiologic Diagnosis for Mechanically Ventilated Children in Intensive Care With Suspected Pneumonia.","authors":"Robyn Silcock, Vanessa Clifford, Joshua Osowicki, Ben Gelbart","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004629","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a leading cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infection in children and a common indication for antimicrobial use and intensive care admission. Determining the causative pathogen for LRTIs is difficult and traditional culture-based methods are labor- and time-intensive. Emerging molecular diagnostic tools may identify pathogens and detect antimicrobial resistance more quickly, to enable earlier targeted antimicrobial therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, prospective observational laboratory study evaluating the use of the Biofire FilmArray pneumonia panel (FA-PP) (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT) for bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from mechanically ventilated children admitted with suspected or presumed pneumonia. We aimed to determine its feasibility and utility for identifying pathogens, antimicrobial resistance and its potential influence on antibiotic prescribing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 50 samples taken from 41 children with a median age of 6 months. Positive agreement between culture and FA-PP was 83% and negative agreement was 76%. Agreement between FA-PP ( mecA/C or MREJ ) and culture was high for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . In 3 cases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative organisms were detected by culture and not FA-PP. Hypothetically, FA-PP results would have affected antimicrobial prescribing in approximately half the cases (24, 48%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FA-PP is a useful adjunct to traditional culture methods in mechanically ventilated children with LRTIs and may influence clinical decision-making regarding antibiotic escalation or stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19: A Case Series.","authors":"Chiara Tricella, Costanza Pagliani, Antonia Quatrale, Giulia Poretti, Roberta Caiazzo, Crescenzo Coppola, Marc Garcia Lorenzo, Maria Sole Valentino, Vania Giacomet","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004541","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a small, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus commonly causing asymptomatic infections or mild, flu-like symptoms. In children, PVB19 can lead to various clinical conditions, including erythema infectiosum, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis and papular-purpuric eruptions, among others.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present 3 pediatric cases treated at Luigi Sacco University Hospital in Milan, Italy, in March 2024, each demonstrating distinct manifestations of PVB19 infection. Case 1 involved a 7-year-old girl with a maculopapular rash and panniculitis-like symptoms. Case 2 described an 8-year-old boy with a maculopapular rash, vasculitis component and mild thrombocytopenia. Case 3 focused on a 7-year-old girl with petechial and purpuric eruptions and a mild decrease in platelets. Serological tests confirmed PVB19 infection in all cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The discussed cases highlight the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of PVB19 infection and emphasize its potential to cause thrombocytopenia even in healthy children. The recent surge in PVB19 cases in Europe, aligned with known epidemiological cycles, underscores the importance of vigilance in diagnosis, particularly during peak seasons. Additionally, concerning the role of serological testing in the diagnostic process, the potential for cross-reactivity among viral antigens is pointed out.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PVB19 is a common infection with a broad range of clinical presentations. Awareness of its potential complications, including thrombocytopenia, even in nonimmunocompromised children, is crucial. Moreover, understanding the epidemiological patterns of PVB19 can aid in anticipating and managing outbreaks, thus minimizing its impact on pediatric health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e18-e21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children or Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis?: A Case Report.","authors":"Nihal Akçay, Demet Tosun, İlyas Bingöl, Şadan Hacisalihoğlu","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004500","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e29-e30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prompt Initiation of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy After HIV Seroconversion in Pregnancy Effectively Prevents Vertical Transmission and Other Adverse Infant Outcomes.","authors":"Kavya G Sundar, Lanbo Z Yang, Mary C Cambou, Ivana R S Varella, Marineide G Melo, Eddy R Segura, Ângela P Ziegler, Breno R Santos, Karin Nielsen-Saines","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004562","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From January 2008 to December 2018, 1348 HIV-exposed infants were born in Porto Alegre, Brazil; 18.8% had adverse infant outcomes (AIO) including vertical transmission (1.9%), stillbirth/neonatal death (4.0%) and loss to follow-up before HIV diagnosis (12.9%). Timing of maternal HIV diagnosis was not associated with AIO but absent antiretroviral therapy use was. Lack of maternal antiretroviral therapy use is a significant risk factor for AIO.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis With Severe Ophthalmologic Involvement in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Iara Paiva de Oliveira, Maria Laura Pires de Carvalho Pereira, Pedro Henrique Nunes Leite, Daniel Vitor de Vasconcelos Santos, Wesley Ribeiro Campos, Danuza Oliveira Machado Azevedo, Lucas Campos Garcia, Gerson Filipe Menezes Ferreira, Lilian Martins Oliveira Diniz, Daniela Caldas Teixeira","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004540","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e33-e34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Varicella-related Hospitalization in Turkey Between 2008 and 2018: Impact of Universal Single Dose Varicella Vaccine (VARICOMP Study).","authors":"Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Zafer Kurugol, Ilker Devrim, Nuri Bayram, Nazan Dalgic, Olcay Yasa, Hasan Tezer, Halil Ozdemir, Ergin Ciftci, Anil Tapisiz, Solmaz Celebi, Mustafa Hacimustafaoglu, Dilek Yilmaz, Nevin Hatipoglu, Ates Kara","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004521","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004521","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;A single-dose varicella vaccine at 12 months of age was introduced to the National Immunization Program in February 2013 in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate varicella-related hospitalization in children and the impact of a single-dose live attenuated varicella vaccine over the first 5.5 years of introducing a universal varicella vaccination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We analyzed data collected from the medical records of children &lt;18 years old who required hospitalization due to varicella in 17 cities representing 50% of the childhood population in Turkey between 2008 and 2018. We calculated the rate of hospitalization for varicella per 100,000 children during the study period. The main objective of this study was to determine the yearly rate of hospitalization due to varicella and to compare these rates in the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine periods. The secondary objective was to compare demographic features, varicella-related complications, and outcomes between the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine periods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 4373 children (2458 boys and 1915 girls; 72.3% previously healthy) were hospitalized for varicella over a 10-year period, including 2139 children during the pre-vaccine period and 2234 children during the post-vaccine period. Overall, varicella hospitalization rates decreased significantly after the introduction of varicella vaccination [pre-vaccine vs. post-vaccine period; 3.79 vs. 2.87 per 100,000 per year; P &lt; 0.001; odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.88]. The incidence of varicella-related hospitalization among children between 1 and 5 years of age was significantly lower in the post-vaccine era than in the pre-vaccine era, with a 60.2% decrease in hospitalizations (2.43 vs. 6.12 per 100,000 children; P &lt; 0.001, odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.46). In both the &lt;1-year and 6- to 10-year age groups, the incidence of varicella-related hospitalizations was similar in the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine periods. The incidence of varicella-related hospitalization was higher in the post-vaccine era among 11-15 years and &gt;15-year-old groups ( P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.05). The mean age was higher during the post-vaccine period than during the pre-vaccine period ( P &lt; 0.001). The absolute number of secondary bacterial infections ( P &lt; 0.01), respiratory complications ( P &lt; 0.01), and neurological complications ( P &lt; 0.001) was significantly lower during the post-vaccine period. The incidence of severe varicella was lower during the post-vaccine period than during the pre-vaccine period ( P &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;After 5.5 years of routine single-dose varicella vaccine use, we observed the impact of varicella vaccination on the incidence of varicella-related hospitalizations, especially in the target age group. However, we did not observe herd protection in the other age groups. The implementation of a second dose of the varicell","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}