Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Children Identified by Preprocedural Testing at 5 US Children's Hospital Systems.","authors":"Anna F Wang-Erickson, Xueyan Zhang, Klancie Dauer, Danielle M Zerr, Amanda Adler, Janet A Englund, Brian Lee, Jennifer E Schuster, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Chelsea Rohlfs, Mary A Staat, Leila C Sahni, Julie A Boom, G K Balasubramani, John V Williams, Marian G Michaels","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004547","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic children was initially presumed to be high, which influenced hospital, school and childcare policies. Before vaccines were widely available, some hospitals implemented universal preprocedural SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing on asymptomatic patients. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in asymptomatic children is needed to illuminate the diversity of viral characteristics and inform policies implemented during future pandemics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from patient records of outpatient children who were preprocedurally tested for SARS-CoV-2 from 5 US hospital systems between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. Prevalence was determined from positive test results. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated using mixed logistic regression with the site as a random effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed 93,760 preprocedural SARS-CoV-2 test results from 74,382 patients and found 2693 infections (3.6%) from 2889 positive tests (3.1%). Site-specific prevalence varied across sites. Factors modestly associated with infection included being uninsured [AOR, 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-2.13)], publicly insured [AOR, 1.17 (95% CI, 1.05-1.30)], Hispanic [AOR, 1.78 (95% CI, 1.59-1.99)], Black [AOR, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.06-1.39)], elementary school age [5-11 years; AOR, 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03-1.28)], or adolescent [12-17 years; AOR, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.13-1.41)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was low in outpatient children undergoing preprocedural testing, a population that was predominantly asymptomatic at the time of testing. This study contributes evidence that suggests that undetected infection in children likely did not play a predominant role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the early prevaccine pandemic period when the general population was naive to the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Tract Infection in Children and the Potential Role of Pivmecillinam as a Treatment Option.","authors":"Naja Lyhne Andersen, Valeria Antsupova, Jonas Bredtoft Boel, Mette Marie Christensen, Ulrikka Nygaard, Lisbeth Samsø Schmidt","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the potential role of pivmecillinam in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children. Among 351 children (0-6 years) with urinary tract infections, 83% could be treated with pivmecillinam following urine culture. Resistance was highest in infants (0-3 months) caused by the high prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis. This result emphasizes the necessity for developing a pediatric oral form of pivmecillinam.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"e1-e3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Sequencing for Diagnosis of Pediatric Lyme Disease.","authors":"Andrew S Handel, Asim A Ahmed, Shivkumar Venkatasubrahmanyam, Sivan Bercovici, Qing Mao, Carine Ho, Desiree D Hollemon, Christy Beneri","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted an exploratory study of plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing for the diagnosis of Lyme disease among pediatric patients. Low levels of Borrelia burgdorferi microbial cell-free DNA (<3-5 molecules per microliter) were observed in 6/9 serologically confirmed participants, including 4/5 with arthritis and 2/3 with multiple erythema migrans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Mixed Infection or Heteroresistance? Pediatric Tuberculosis Still the Achilles Heel of Diagnostic Tools.","authors":"Tara E Ness, Daniela M Cirillo, Anna M Mandalakas","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradenigo's Syndrome Conservative Management Remains an Option Despite Complications: A Case Report.","authors":"Samer Ali, Abdulla Aloteiby, Ingi Elsaid, Jehan AlRayahi, Andres Perez, Mohammad Janahi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Administration in Children With Immunodeficiency and/or Comorbidities With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Clinical Report.","authors":"Stefania Bernardi, Marco Roversi, Antonio Torelli, Antonio Musolino, Emanuele Nicastri, Paolo Palma, Paolo Rossi, Leonardo Vallesi, Tiziana Corsetti, Laura Lancella, Barbarella Lucarelli, Federica Galaverna, Alberto Villani, Carlo Federico Perno, Massimiliano Raponi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the generally mild course of COVID-19 in children, immunocompromised patients may experience complications or severe infection. This study reports the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients treated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (N/R) for SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reported the data of children with any immunodeficiency with COVID-19 who received N/R treatment between March 2022 and June 2023 at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital. Patients were treated with N/R for 5 days. We compared liver and kidney function before and after treatment with N/R and looked for a relationship between the duration of COVID-19 infection and the time from positivity to administration of N/R administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85 pediatric immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 were included in the study, with a mean age of 10.7 years (SD 4.8), mostly males (60%). We found a significant difference in the viral load before and after N/R administration. Four patients (4.7%) experienced adverse events related to N/R therapy. One of these had to discontinue N/R administration. Three patients (3.5%) experienced negative effects of drug interactions during N/R therapy, namely an increase of sirolimus and ciclosporin serum levels. A significant positive correlation was found between the time from SARS-CoV-2 positivity to N/R administration and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity (R = 0.78, P < 0.001), suggesting that the earlier N/R is administered, the shorter the duration of COVID-19 in the study sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our experience shows that N/R is reasonably safe in the pediatric population and could favor viral clearance, thus reducing the duration of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrinologic Dysfunctions and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Pediatric Patients With a History of Central Nervous System Infection (ENDLESS): A Prospective Monocentric Study.","authors":"Giorgio Sodero, Clelia Cipolla, Anna Camporesi, Laura Martino, Simonetta Costa, Zemira Cannioto, Paolo Frassanito, Gianpiero Tamburrini, Chiara Veredice, Luca Maggio, Daniel Munblt, Francesca Raffaelli, Marco Piastra, Giuseppe Zampino, Piero Valentini, Danilo Buonsenso","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Central nervous system (CNS) infections represent some of the most critical pediatric health challenges, characterized by high mortality rates and a notable risk of long-term complications. Despite their significance, standardized guidelines for endocrinological follow-up of CNS infection survivors are lacking, leading to reliance on the expertise of individual centers and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective monocentric observational study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli in Rome, Italy. It included patients with a history of CNS infection, admitted to various pediatric departments of the hospital. The participants were selected based on a coded diagnosis of CNS infection and had completed their follow-up at the Pediatric Endocrinology Day Hospital after October 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty participants were included, comprising 53 patients with a prior CNS infection and 27 healthy controls, with a median age of 7.4 years (range 3.6-12.3 years). Endocrinologic alterations were detected in 13 patients, with 8 cases in those who had meningitis, 4 in encephalitis survivors, and 1 in a patient with a cerebral abscess. Patients with a history of CNS infections were shorter compared with healthy controls (P = 0.027). Moreover, those who had meningitis exhibited an increased risk of developing epilepsy (P = 0.01), neurosensory disabilities (P = 0.034) and the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion (P = 0.006). Patients with bacterial CNS infections were more prone to neurosensory and endocrine dysfunctions compared to those with viral or other infections. Significant differences were observed in hormone levels between previously infected patients and controls, specifically in TSH (P < 0.001), ACTH (P = <0.001), and cortisol (P = 0.019). IGF-1 levels were considerably lower in the infection group, both in absolute terms and when adjusted for sex and age (P < 0.001). The regression analysis suggested that the reduction in IGF-1 was more pronounced the earlier the CNS infection occurred, irrespective of infection type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found several endocrinologic imbalances in children who survived CNS infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathologic Findings of Sepsis-associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Neonate.","authors":"Yuichi Kubo, Takuya Tokuhisa, Masanori Kambara, Kensuke Fujishiro, Kazuyoshi Sueyoshi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Encephalitis in a Pediatric Patient: An Unusual Presentation of a Common Disease in Endemic Areas.","authors":"Juan Jose Londono-Aranzazu, Ivan Felipe Tobar-Gutierrez, Juan Pablo Londono-Ruiz","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Clinical-epidemiologic Profile of hRSV in Pediatric Patients in Southern Brazil: A Four-year Hospital Surveillance Study.","authors":"Sonia Mara Raboni, Heloisa I G Giamberardino, Jucelia S Santos, Maria do Carmo Debur","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infections primarily cause acute respiratory illness and pediatric hospitalizations. We examined the hRSV molecular epidemiology in a pediatric cohort over a 4-year period and described the interrelationship with clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 on children with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory viruses were detected using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction and molecular typing was performed by nucleotide sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred fifty-three children with hRSV were included; 207 (36%) samples were submitted to partial G gene sequencing. A total of 58.3% (n = 120) were males, the median age was 2.3 months (interquartile range 1-4), and 36.4% (n = 75) of the children required intensive care unit assistance. Coinfection was detected in 27 (5.7%) children, mainly hRSV and rhinovirus (14.2%). A total of 95.6% of patients had no comorbidities, and prematurity (4.4%) was more frequent among those with comorbidities. hRSV-B was detected in 109 patients (53%) and hRSV-A in 98 patients (47%), with changes in incidence over the period. All the hRSV-A sequences were classified as ON1-like, with genetic lineage GA2.3.5 forming distinct clusters. hRSV-B sequences were identified as BA-like, comprising 3 genetic lineages, GB5.0.2, GB5.0.4a and GB5.0.5a, with variation over time, and a higher severity was associated with hRSV type B GB5.0.2 and GB5.0.4a lineages compared with the GB5.0.5a.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both hRSV subtypes showed similar severity and were not linked to comorbidities. Severe cases were more common in young patients and those infected with GB5.0.2 and GB5.0.4a genotypes. Understanding hRSV's molecular evolution is crucial for tracking new variants and assessing their impact on the effectiveness of emerging vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}