Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric Infectious Encephalitis in Spain: Etiology, Outcomes and Acyclovir Use in Emergency Departments.","authors":"Celia García Bailo, José Antonio Alonso-Cadenas, Verónica Cantarín, Klaudia Irati Bidaurrazaga García, Roberto Velasco, Alicia Calvo Cillán, Ana María Borrull Senra, Cristina López Fernández, Izaskun Olaciregui Echenique, Alejandra Méndez Sánchez, Nathalie Campo Fernández, Iris Collazo Vallduriola, María José González Abad, Celia García Blanco, Ana de la Iglesia Rivaya, Laura Escolà Morales, Sara Figueroa Jiménez, Inés Valle T-Figueras, Borja Gómez","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric infectious encephalitis remains a significant cause of neurologic morbidity. Prompt antiviral treatment is recommended in patients with suspected herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of infectious encephalitis and to evaluate acyclovir use in children with suspected encephalitis presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study involving 10 Spanish PEDs (2017-2023), including children ≤18 years who underwent cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction testing as part of the evaluation of a possible central nervous system infection. Patients meeting the International Encephalitis Consortium (IEC) criteria for infectious encephalitis were analyzed, and acyclovir prescription rates were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We registered 446 episodes; 118 patients (26.5%) met the IEC criteria, and 88 (74.6%) had microbiologic confirmation. The most common pathogens were enterovirus (43.2%), influenza virus (18.2%) and HSV (9.0%). Thirty-seven patients (31.4%) had an adverse outcome, including 75% of those with HSV infection. Acyclovir was administered to 56.9% and 53.1% of patients with and without an altered mental status, respectively. All patients meeting IEC criteria presented with altered mental status and ≥1 minor criterion at evaluation in the PED.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enteroviruses were the leading cause of pediatric infectious encephalitis, whereas HSV infection was associated with the highest risk of adverse outcomes. Acyclovir use in the PED was suboptimal and poorly aligned with clinical criteria. Our findings suggest that empirical acyclovir should be considered in patients with altered mental status and at least one minor criterion, whereas it may be unnecessary in the absence of these features.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chorioretinal Scars in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Following Prenatal Valacyclovir Therapy.","authors":"Nemer Sayed Ahmad, Yaniv Zipori, Ido Solt, Dinah Zur, Anat Bachar Zipori","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common congenital infection. Ocular abnormalities affect approximately 14% of symptomatic children, but fewer than 1% of asymptomatic children. Prenatal valacyclovir reduces vertical transmission, but ophthalmic outcomes in exposed infants are poorly described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe 2 neonates with congenital cytomegalovirus confirmed by amniotic fluid and urine polymerase chain reaction following first-trimester maternal primary infection. Both mothers received high-dose valacyclovir (8 g daily) from 13 weeks' gestation. Infants underwent neonatal evaluation, including dilated fundus examination and multimodal retinal imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternal treatment continued to 36 weeks in 1 pregnancy and was discontinued at 22 weeks in the other, after amniocentesis. Both infants had macular chorioretinal scarring. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated focal ellipsoid zone disruption in a clinically normal fellow eye in 1 infant. Cranial ultrasonography demonstrated caudothalamic and temporal lobe cysts with lenticulostriate vasculopathy in 1 infant and isolated lenticulostriate vasculopathy in the other. Physical and neurologic examinations, head circumference, full blood count, liver function and auditory brainstem responses were normal in both. Both were classified as symptomatic with central nervous system involvement on the basis of ocular findings and therefore received valganciclovir for a planned 6 months. Retinal findings were stable at 3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Macular chorioretinal scarring was present in both infants despite otherwise limited clinical findings, and the extent of cranial imaging abnormality did not correspond to ocular involvement. Ophthalmologic examination determined disease classification and management. These observations do not permit conclusions regarding the effect of prenatal valacyclovir on ocular outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Patterns of Respiratory Viruses in South African Children With Acute Respiratory Illness.","authors":"Mish-Al Barday, Claire Hulsman, Shawna F Mc Gregor, Margaret van Niekerk, Iena P Derks, Charlene Maria, Heidi van Deventer, Mathilda Claasen, Gill Sorour, Corne Bosch, Rory Dunbar, Gert van Zyl, Andrew Redfern, Helena Rabie, Lilly M Verhagen, Marieke M van der Zalm","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted respiratory virus epidemiology. We describe the postpandemic prevalence, seasonality and clinical presentation of viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) among hospitalized South African children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children 0-<13 years of age with acute RTIs were prospectively enrolled between October 2024 and October 2025. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected on admission and tested for 7 common respiratory viruses using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clinical, demographic and outcome data were recorded. Disease severity was classified as mild, moderate or severe based on the need for hospitalization, respiratory support, intensive care or major complications. Cluster analysis identified distinct clinical phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 315 children, median age 9.3 months [interquartile range 3.6-24.7, 132/315 (41.9%) female, 7/315 (2.2%) living with HIV and 53/315 (16.8%) HIV-exposed but uninfected. Disease severity was mild in 55 (17.5%), moderate in 184 (58.4%) and severe in 76 (24.1%) children. Respiratory viruses were detected in 276/315 (87.6%); most commonly human rhinovirus (167/276; 60.5%), respiratory syncytial virus (94/276; 34%) and adenovirus (59/315; 18.7%). Respiratory syncytial virus showed strong winter seasonality (P < 0.001), human rhinovirus circulated year-round (P < 0.001) and seasonal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 activity was low at 10%. HIV exposure (adjusted odds ratio: 3.08)] and viral co-detection (43.5%; P = 0.015) were independently associated with disease severity. Cluster analysis revealed 3 distinct clinical phenotypes of RTIs, with unique symptom profiles, trajectories and virological patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Respiratory viruses remained common in young South African children hospitalized with RTIs, with most returning to pre-COVID seasonal patterns and limited Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 activity. Distinct clinical phenotypes identify vulnerable subgroups and underscore the need for improved tools to distinguish severe disease from self-limiting illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggressive PK/PD Target Attainment With Beta-lactams in critically Ill Pediatric Patients Having Suspected or Documented Gram-negative Infections-Prevalence, Risk Factors of Nonattainment and Impact on Clinical Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Milo Gatti, Beatrice Giorgi, Riccardo De Paola, Francesco Santarella, Federico Pea","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis for evaluating the prevalence of aggressive beta-lactams pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment, identifying predictors of aggressive PK/PD target nonattainment, and assessing the impact of attaining aggressive beta-lactams PK/PD targets on clinical efficacy in critical pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases were independently searched from inception to March 02, 2026. Randomized controlled trials or observational studies evaluating the prevalence of aggressive beta-lactams PK/PD target attainment (defined as 100%fT>4xMIC) in critical pediatric patients were included. Independent predictive factors for aggressive beta-lactams PK/PD target nonattainment and the relationship with clinical outcome were further investigated for qualitative or quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling odds ratios (ORs) extrapolated from studies providing adjustment for confounders using a random-effects model with an inverse variance method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1472 articles were screened, and 8 observational studies were included (724 critical pediatric patients who received 761 beta-lactams treatment courses). The proportion of critical pediatric patients who attained aggressive beta-lactams PK/PD targets was 5.6%-76.2%. An estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2 [OR: 3.01; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-7.90; I2 = 52.5%] and male gender (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.10-3.22; I2 = 17.25%) emerged as significant independent predictors of failure in attaining aggressive PK/PD targets. Meta-analysis for the PICO 2 question was unfeasible due to a lack of adjusted data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings showed that a remarkable proportion of critically ill pediatric patients failed in attaining aggressive beta-lactams PK/PD targets, especially when receiving intermittent/extended infusion delivery, identifying an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2 and male gender as potential independent risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Congenital Pneumonia Associated With Probable Vertical Transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae During a UK Epidemic Surge.","authors":"Emma Meader, Ohnmar Soe, Stephen Glass, Kareem Aboualfa, Jay Drury, Ciara Ryder, Elizabeth Whittaker, Vimal Vasu","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is rare. During the United Kingdom's 2023/2024 MP epidemic, we encountered a fatal case of probable vertically transmitted MP in a preterm infant. This report highlights the need to consider MP during incidence surges, reviews existing literature, and examines whether congenital MP cases cluster around epidemic peaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Bacterial Infections Other Than Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae in Febrile Infants Younger Than 90 Days: A Multicenter Emergency Department Study.","authors":"María Suárez-Bustamante Huélamo, Jose Antonio Alonso-Cadenas, Borja Gómez, Anna Sorolla-Anglés, Susanna Hernández-Bou, Ana M Borrull-Senra, Amaia Cámara, Rocío Rodrigo, Diana Martínez, Cristina López, Julio Baena-Baca, Lucía Garriga, Vanessa Bonill, Maria Concepción Villalón, Laia Sánchez-Torrent, Roberto Velasco","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in febrile infants ≤90 days are mostly caused by Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae. However, data on IBIs caused by other pathogens remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of febrile infants aged ≤90 days diagnosed with IBI between 2008 and 2022 at 12 Spanish pediatric emergency departments. Epidemiology, clinical features, microbiology and outcomes of cases caused by pathogens other than E. coli/S. agalactiae were analyzed. Adverse outcomes included death, inotropic or respiratory support, acute complications, or sequelae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 375 infants with IBI, 106 (28.3%) had infections caused by pathogens other than E. coli/S. agalactiae. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 30, 8.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 15, 4.0%) and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 14, 3.7%). Most cases presented as isolated bacteremia (65.1%), followed by bacteremic urinary tract infection (18.9%) and meningitis (12.3%); 46.2% of infants with meningitis had a concomitant urinary tract infection. The distribution of pathogens varied according to age, with S. aureus being more frequent among younger infants and S. pneumoniae accounting for 8.6% of IBIs in infants aged 61-90 days. Listeria monocytogenes caused 1.3% of IBIs, with only 1 case identified in the last decade. Adverse outcomes occurred in 7.5% of infants with infections caused by other pathogens and 8.6% of those with E. coli/S. agalactiae (absolute risk difference, -1.0% [95% confidence interval, -7.1 to 5.0]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IBIs caused by pathogens other than E. coli/S. agalactiae accounted for a substantial proportion of cases and showed an age-dependent distribution. Most presented as isolated bacteremia, while meningitis was associated with a higher observed frequency of adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Observed Prevalence Versus Low Diagnostic Utility of Blood Cultures in Children With Prolonged Fever.","authors":"Didem Tatar, Ercan Yilmaz, Nezihe Köker Özer","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-age Children as the Dominant Source of Inter-seasonal Influenza Circulation in the Republic of Korea, 2022-2025.","authors":"Young Kyu Shim, Changmin Kang, Youn Young Choi, Young Yoo, Yoonsun Yoon, Yun-Kyung Kim, Young June Choe","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Influenza circulates at low levels during summer inter-seasonal periods, potentially bridging consecutive epidemics. Which age groups contribute most to this residual circulation is not well characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed weekly influenza detection rates from the Korea Sentinel Surveillance System (K-SenS), stratified by 6 age groups, from 2022 to 2025 (209 weeks). The inter-season was defined as epidemiologic weeks 21-39. For each age group, we calculated the mean inter-season detection rate, the residual fraction (inter-season rate/season rate), dominance weeks (weeks with the highest detection rate), lag-1 autocorrelation of weekly rates and normalized post-peak decay curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Influenza was detected during the inter-season in all age groups. Mean inter-season detection rates were highest in children 7-12 years (6.3%) and 13-18 years old (5.2%). The residual fraction was similar across all ages (19.6%-25.6%). However, children 7-12 years old had the highest detection rate in 42% of active inter-season weeks and showed the highest lag-1 autocorrelation (0.44), indicating sustained rather than sporadic circulation. At 15 weeks after the season peak, children 7-12 years of age retained approximately 55% of their peak detection rate, compared with below 10% in adults ≥50 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>School-age children, particularly those 7-12 years of age, were the dominant source of inter-seasonal influenza circulation in Korea. Their dominance was driven by high seasonal burden rather than slower viral clearance. Maintaining high vaccination coverage in this age group may help reduce inter-seasonal virus reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal COVID-19 During Pregnancy and Offspring Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Yusuke Okubo, Kazuhiro Uda","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy was common during the pandemic. However, its potential risks for clinically diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), remain uncertain in Asian populations. We examined the association between maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy and diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide birth cohort study included 108,148 singleton children, contributing 224,965 person-years, using a nationwide administrative claims database from 2020 to 2024. We investigated the association between maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes, including ADHD, ASD, ID and a composite outcome, using Cox proportional hazards models, with primary analyses based on time-dependent propensity score (PS) matching. The robustness of the primary findings was evaluated through adjusted models, sibling comparison, trimester-specific analyses and sensitivity analyses for outcome misclassification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 108,148 children, 7797 (7.2%) were exposed to maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy; PS matching yielded 7679 matched pairs contributing 22,360 person-years with well-balanced covariates. In PS-matched analyses, maternal COVID-19 was not associated with composite neurodevelopmental outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.66), ADHD (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.32-1.78), ASD (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.40-1.55), or ID (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.55-2.01). Adjusted models, sibling comparisons, trimester-specific analyses and sensitivity analyses addressing outcome misclassification yielded similar null findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no evidence of an increased risk of offspring neurodevelopmental disorders following maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy during the available follow-up period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-acting Lipoglycopeptides for the Treatment of Gram-positive Infections in Children: Evidence and Real-life Experience With Dalbavancin and Oritavancin.","authors":"Anna Gamell, Eneritz Velasco-Arnaiz, David Aguilera-Alonso, Maria Goretti López-Ramos","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000005430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000005430","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}