Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Bacterial Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Madrid (Spain).","authors":"David Aguilera-Alonso, Juan Sánchez-Cañete, Leyre Ventura McArdle, Teresa Del Rosal, Francisco José Sanz Santaeufemia, Beatriz Soto, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano, Luis Prieto Tato, Francisco José Martínez Álvarez, Sofía Bassy Navarro, Emilia Cercenado, Mercedes Marín, Gonzalo Rivas, Emilio Cendejas Bueno, María José González Abad, David Molina Arana, José Yuste, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Cristina Calvo","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study conducted in Madrid (Spain) between 2018 and 2023 shows a significant decrease in the pediatric bacterial community-acquired pneumonia cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a notable postpandemic increase surpassing prepandemic incidence. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains predominant, with an increasing prevalence of serotype 3, while Streptococcus pyogenes was the second most common pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mediastinal Lymphadenitis in Children: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.","authors":"Laura Martino, Cristina De Rose, Rosa Morello, Ilaria Lazzareschi, Francesco Proli, Giulia Bersani, Marilena La Sorda, Piero Valentini, Danilo Buonsenso","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Serologic TORCH Testing During Pregnancy for Maternal-related Versus Fetal-related Indications: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Raneen Abu Shqara, Maya Kaufman, Shany Or, Daniel Glikman, Lior Lowenstein, Maya Frank Wolf","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clear guidelines have not been established about the utility of TORCH serology testing in women for whom TORCH infection is suspected according to clinical and laboratory manifestations during pregnancy. We aimed to compare rates of TORCH infections [specifically cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma and rubella] in women who underwent TORCH serology testing due to maternal- versus fetal-related indications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 10-year single-center retrospective study included all the women beyond 24 weeks of gestation who underwent TORCH serology testing due to maternal- or fetal-related indications. Maternal-related indications included fever, gastroenteritis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia. Fetal-related indications included intrauterine growth restriction, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 304 women underwent TORCH serology testing due to maternal-related indications and 771 due to fetal-related indications. For the maternal-related compared with the fetal-related indication group, maternal and congenital TORCH infections were more prevalent (P = 0.015), specifically CMV (P = 0.036). Eight (2.6%) of the women with maternal-related indications had a primary TORCH infection; 4 of them (50%) had concomitant congenital infections. Six (0.8%) of the women with fetal-related indications had a primary infection; none had a related congenital infection. Among the women with maternal-related indications, higher rates of maternal TORCH infection were found among those with thrombocytopenia (7.1%) and elevated liver enzymes (3.0%). During the study period, maternal-indicated TORCH testing detected 10.8% of neonates born with a confirmed TORCH infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical yield of TORCH serology for nonspecific sonographic fetal features was low. Nonetheless, maternal-related indications should prompt testing for CMV and Toxoplasma infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza-Associated Intussusception: \"You Too, Intussusception\".","authors":"Mitsuaki Yoshino, Daisuke Matsubara, Yoshitaka Shinno, Tadahiro Mitani, Hironori Shimozawa, Kazuo Takahashi, Tomoyuki Ota, Yuji Gunji","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral Treatment and Risk of Hearing Loss in Asymptomatic and Mild Symptomatic Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus.","authors":"Serena Villaverde, Roberto Pedrero-Tomé, Vassiliki Papaevangelou, Garyfallia Syridou, Sofia Karagiannidou, Hermione Lyall, Helen Payne, Marie Antoinette Frick, Pere Soler-Palacín, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Paula Rodríguez-Molino, Claudia Fortuny-Guasch, Maria Rios-Barnés, Miguel Sánchez-Mateos, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano, Xavier Bringué, Elisenda Moliner, Laura Castells, Oihana Muga, Isabel Vives-Oños, Despoina Gkentzi, Giuseppina Lombardi, Alfredo Tagarro, Elena Colino, Jose A Couceiro, Pablo Rojo, Joaquín de Vergas, Daniel Blázquez-Gamero","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess hearing outcomes at 24 months of age in infants with mild congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, depending on whether they have received antiviral treatment or not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study within the European Registry of Children with cCMV was performed. Included children had cCMV diagnosed in utero/in the first 21 days of life, with normal physical examination, alanine aminotransferase <80 U/L and platelets >100,000 cs/mm3 and absence of hearing loss (HL) at birth. Cranial ultrasound (cUS) and/or cranial magnetic resonance imaging was normal or with minor findings (isolated lenticulostriate vasculopathy and/or germinolysis/caudothalamic or subependymal cysts, and/or focal/multifocal white matter involvement). The main outcome was the presence of HL at 24 months of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred ninety-six patients met inclusion criteria. A total of 34.7% received antiviral treatment with valganciclovir/ganciclovir. Children treated had lower gestational age, birth weight and head circumference, and maternal primary infection was less frequent. Among treated children, 21.3% presented minor findings in cUS versus 6.3% in nontreatment group (P = 0.003). Nine patients (4.6%) developed HL at 24 months. Among children with HL, 20% presented minor findings in cUS versus 11.3% in non-HL group (P = NS). HL rate was similar in treated and nontreated groups (4.6% vs. 6.3%; P = 0.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One-third of the children were treated with antivirals and infants with minor neuroimaging findings at birth were more likely to receive antiviral. There were no differences in the prevalence of HL at 2 years of age between treated and not-treated children. Minor neuroimaging findings were not clearly associated with an increased risk of delayed onset HL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA Vaccines: Future Perspectives for Children.","authors":"Takuma Ohnishi, Guliz Erdem, Toshiki Kuno, Jun Yasuhara","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enriching Clinical Trials Enrolling Children With Cerebral Malaria Using Admission Demographics, Physical Examination and Point-of-care Testing Results.","authors":"Rami Imam, Kennedy M Chastang, Ronke Olowojesiku, Meredith G Sherman, Amina M Mukadam, John R Barber, Alice M Liomba, Karl B Seydel, Douglas G Postels","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple clinical trials evaluating therapies for cerebral malaria (CM) have failed to demonstrate improved outcomes. This may derive from inclusion of children at all risk levels, including those at low risk of mortality or neurologic morbidity, limiting power to detect significant differences between intervention arms. One solution is enrichment, enrolling clinical trial participants at higher risk of adverse outcomes. We assessed if demographic, physical examination and point-of-care laboratory testing results in combination could identify children with CM at higher risk of death or neurologic disability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case-control study of 1674 children hospitalized with CM in Blantyre, Malawi. We used univariate and multivariate analyses of admission factors to find the most parsimonious model associated with death or neurologic disability. To assess the clinical utility of the models, we evaluated derived probability density curve separation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blantyre Coma Score (BCS), deep breathing and high blood lactate were independently associated with mortality. The derived receiver operating curve yielded an area under the curve of 0.7118. There was poor separation of derived probability density curves predicting death or survival, indicating limited clinical utility of this model. On multivariate modeling of neurologic sequelae in CM survivors, only BCS was associated with adverse outcomes (area-under-the-curve = 0.6151). Probability density curves again largely overlapped, demonstrating limited utility of BCS alone in outcome prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combinations of admission demographic, clinical and point-of-care laboratory factors are inadequate to predict prognosis in children with CM. Higher technology assessment methods are necessary for clinical trial enrichment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Layah Alkoby-Meshulam, Daisy Rosenthal-Shtern, Ori Snapiri, David Levy, Nimrod Sachs, Merav Sokolov, Efraim Bilavsky","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The leading nonhereditary cause of childhood sensorineural hearing loss has been attributed to congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). Sensorineural hearing loss can be unilateral (UHL) or bilateral (BHL), and may be progressive. Our objective was to describe the characteristics, clinical nature and follow-up of ears in cCMV-associated UHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 16-year retrospective study was performed at Schneider's Medical Center, Israel. Data were collected from all cCMV infants with UHL at birth who were treated with antiviral treatment initiated within the first 4 weeks of life and had a follow-up period of at least 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 67 infants diagnosed with UHL at birth: 17 (25%) with mild hearing loss, 22 (33%) with moderate hearing loss and 28 (42%) with severe hearing loss. At the last follow-up visit, 7 (41%) ears in the mild hearing loss group improved to normal hearing, 8 (47%) ears exhibited no change and 2 (12%) ears deteriorated. In the moderate hearing loss group, 9 (41%) ears improved, 7 (32%) remained static and 6 (27%) deteriorated to the severe hearing loss group. One (4%) ear in the severe hearing loss group showed improvement. Of the 67 ears with normal hearing at birth, 4 (6%) ears deteriorated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study assessed and elucidated the characteristics, clinical nature and long-term follow-up of both the affected and unaffected ears diagnosed with UHL due to cCMV. These data are crucial when medical and/or surgical interventions are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: A Meta-analysis of Macrolides Versus Tetracyclines.","authors":"Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Ji Young Park, Young June Choe, Cho Ryok Kang, Seung Ah Choe, Eleftherios Mylonakis","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) pneumonia infections, particularly in children, is on the rise. It is imperative to assess the clinical efficacies of alternative antibiotics such as tetracyclines to ensure effective treatment, mitigate antibiotic resistance, enhance clinical outcomes, and minimize the spread of resistant strains among MRMP-infected children. The objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacies of macrolides and tetracyclines in treating MRMP pneumonia in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched the literature to identify comparative studies that examined the clinical outcomes of macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics in children with MRMP pneumonia. We conducted a meta-analysis of the mean duration of fever, hospital stay duration, therapeutic efficacies, and time to defervescence to compare macrolides and tetracyclines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies involving 1143 patients compared the clinical efficacies of macrolides and tetracyclines in children with MRMP pneumonia. The studies were conducted in China, Japan, and Korea, and the outcomes of febrile days, hospital stay duration, therapeutic efficacy, and time to defervescence were analyzed. The macrolides studied were azithromycin and clarithromycin, whereas the tetracyclines included minocycline and doxycycline. The pooled estimate of 5 studies showed that the mean duration of febrile days and hospital stay was longer in the macrolides group than tetracycline group [weighted mean difference = 1.64 days, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-2.59, weighted mean difference = 1.22 days, 95% CI: 0.82-1.62, respectively]. The therapeutic efficacy was significantly lower in the macrolide group than in the tetracycline group (odds ratio: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20-0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical efficacy of tetracycline treatment was superior to that of macrolide treatment in children with MRMP pneumonia. However, further research is required to validate these findings and inform evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Candidiasis in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancy: Increased Risk of Dissemination With Candida tropicalis.","authors":"Amira M Said, Faraz Afridi, Michele S Redell, Chelsea Vrana, Candelaria O'Farrell, Michael E Scheurer, Natalie J Dailey Garnes, Maria Monica Gramatges, Ankhi Dutta","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida species are the most common cause of invasive fungal disease, and children with hematologic malignancy are at increased risk. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) now account for more than half of all invasive candidiasis (IC) and carry a worse prognosis. We aimed to compare the epidemiology, risk factors, organ dissemination, biomarkers and outcomes in IC based on the species implicated and evaluate trends in antifungal resistance over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients 0-18 years of age with hematologic malignancy and IC at 2 centers were included. Fifty-three patients from 2011 to 2022 were identified. Information related to demographics, host and risk factors, Candida species and antifungal susceptibilities, treatment and outcomes was collected via retrospective chart review. Data were analyzed at the species level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate of IC was 29 per 1000 patients with leukemia and lymphoma. The median time to infection from diagnosis of malignancy was 38 days. Candida tropicalis (n = 17; 30%) was the most identified species followed by Candida albicans (n = 14; 25%). Patients with C. tropicalis infection were more likely to have dissemination to the eyes (P = 0.035), spleen (P = 0.001) and skin (P = 0.003) than patients with C. albicans or other NAC. Of the 34 patients who underwent dilated retinal examination, 24% (n = 8) had evidence of intraocular candidiasis. Seven of the 8 patients with intraocular disease had prolonged candidemia (3 or more days; P = 0.003). The 12-week crude mortality rate was 16.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NAC, specifically C. tropicalis, accounted for most of the IC in children with hematological malignancies. Screening for intraocular candidiasis continues to play an important role in patients with IC, and future studies are needed to determine if screening can be limited to patients with select risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}