Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Impact of Co-pathogens in Children Infected With Influenza C Virus Based on Viral Load in Clinical Specimens.","authors":"Yoko Matsuzaki, Emi Takashita, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Mina Nakauchi, Suguru Ohmiya, Ryoichi Onuma, Yuriko Katsushima, Fumio Katsushima, Hidekazu Nishimura","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004897","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We have monitored influenza C virus infection using the cell culture method due to its advantage in detecting infectious virus. Application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) improves the detection rate of multiple pathogens from the same clinical specimen, and it can be difficult to determine whether the influenza C virus is the cause of the patient's symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of co-pathogens in children infected with the influenza C virus based on viral load in clinical specimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 11 patients in whom influenza C virus and co-pathogens were isolated by cell culture. Pathogens were further detected by multiplex real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Viral load was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, and its association with the patients' symptoms was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-pathogens not isolated in cell culture, including rhinovirus, adenovirus and bocavirus, were detected in 5 of the 11 specimens by real-time PCR. Additionally, adenovirus and human metapneumovirus, which were not detected by real-time PCR, were detected by next-generation sequencing, but both had very low read numbers. Children whose specimens had influenza C virus levels of ≥10 4 copies/μL showed typical symptoms of influenza C virus infection, such as coughing and nasal discharge. When the viral load of a co-pathogen was greater than that of influenza C virus, atypical symptoms such as persistent fever were likely due to the co-pathogens, suggesting that co-infection contributed to symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge of viral load can help in evaluating the etiologic role of the virus in influenza C-infected children with co-pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1038-1043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pearls and Pitfalls of Intrathecal Amphotericin B Therapy for Refractory Coccidioidal Meningitis in Children: An Illustrative Pediatric Case Series.","authors":"Sanchi Malhotra, Kristina Adachi, Aria Fallah, Royce Johnson, Ishminder Kaur, James McCarty, Lawrence Ross, Paul Krogstad","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004888","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Incidence of pediatric coccidioidomycosis has risen over the last 20 years, and coccidioidal meningitis is the most severe form of disseminated disease. Intrathecal amphotericin B deoxycholate (IT AmBd) has historically improved outcomes and remains a mainstay of therapy when response to azole therapy is inadequate. However, the dosing, route of administration and duration of therapy in young pediatric patients pose unique challenges due to their anatomy, inability to communicate and the need for hospital-based administration. We present 4 instructive cases over 30 years to provide guidance on the use of IT AmBd.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case information was abstracted from the electronic health record at University of California Los Angeles. Literature review was conducted to look for additional cases on Pubmed with relevant search terms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present 4 cases including 2 patients with successful outcomes and 2 who did not survive. Starting doses, administration routes, complications and neurosurgical challenges are described. Patients had prolonged hospitalizations as the ability to administer outpatient IT amphotericin B was minimal. Therefore, more rapid dose escalation and weaning, with a shorter overall duration of therapy, was needed than described for adults. IT treatment was considered an initial stabilizing measure while attempting to optimize azole monotherapy. Cisternal administration is preferred but remains a logistical challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrathecal AmBd remains an important treatment option in pediatric patients with refractory coccidioidal meningitis; however, due to unique administration, challenges may be more of a temporizing measure rather than definitive prolonged therapy. Further experience and multidisciplinary care are needed to reduce mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e414-e418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Meningococcal Disease Outbreak Management.","authors":"Adriana Milazzo, Helen S Marshall","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004921","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e407-e409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination in South Korean Adolescents.","authors":"Eunseon Gwak, Seung-Ah Choe, Kyuwon Kim, Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Manuela H Gschwend, Jonathan Fix, Muruga Vadivale, Matthew D Rousculp, Young June Choe","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004954","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Adolescents can have severe/chronic outcomes from COVID-19. Real-world data on relative vaccine effectiveness between mRNA- and protein-based vaccines are limited, and more data are needed on disease outcomes in this age group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The K-COV-N database, COVID-19 vaccine registry and health insurance claims were retrospectively reviewed to identify adolescents (12- to 18-year-olds) in South Korea who received a homologous primary series of NVX-CoV2373 or BNT162b2 and a heterologous or homologous third vaccine dose. Vaccine recipients were propensity score matched to reduce confounding baseline factors. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for any medically attended COVID-19 postvaccination (starting 14 days after primary series and 7 days after a third dose) were calculated to assess relative vaccine effectiveness every 30 days through a 180-day risk window.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From February to December 2022, 3174 and 6253 doses of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2, respectively, were administered to South Korean adolescents. Individuals who received NVX-CoV2373 tended to be older, have a disability, and/or have a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Propensity score matching resulted in 107 individuals in each primary series group and 701 and 1417 individuals in the NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 third-dose groups, respectively. The aHR (95% CI) for NVX-CoV2373 compared with BNT162b2 for medically attended COVID-19 in the 180-day risk window was 0.57 (0.31-1.05) for the primary series and 0.68 (0.54-0.84) for the third dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that NVX-CoV2373 may provide more robust protection against medically attended COVID-19 as a third dose, compared with BNT162b2. While the aHR for the primary series also indicated lower risk with NVX-CoV2373, this difference was not statistically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1134-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden in the Liver: Pediatric Brucellosis Mimicking Acute Hepatitis.","authors":"Aslihan Sahin, Yalçin Goksugur, Melike Arslan","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004873","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004873","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e425-e426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-year-old With Hydrocephalus.","authors":"Paul G Mitchell, Louise E Vaz, Judith A Guzman-Cottrill","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004955","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"44 11","pages":"1141-1143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising Prevalence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Single-center Experience.","authors":"Ophir Bar-On, Randy Suryadinata, Esta-Lee Tannenbaum, Phil Robinson","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004901","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemophilus influenzae ( Hi ) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae ( Hpi ) are common nasopharyngeal flora, yet both are potential lower airway pathogens, especially if mucociliary clearance is abnormal, such as in people with primary ciliary dyskinesia (pwPCD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data analysis of medical records, between 2013 and 2023, collecting demographic, clinical and microbiological data to assess prevalence and clinical impact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Throughout the observation period, the number of pwPCD attending the clinic increased from 19 to 49; median [interquartile range (IQR)] patient age was 10 years (5-15), and 28 (57%) were males. A total of 403 sputum cultures were tested, with a median (IQR) of 33 (11-52) per year and 7 (4-14) per patient. Hi prevalence increased from 0% to 35% ( P = 0.01), and from 5% to 53% for Hpi ( P < 0.01). Of all clinic patients, 27 (55%) ever had Hi and 36 (73%) ever had Hpi positive cultures. Co-infection occurred in 24 (49%) patients, while 11 patients (22.4%) never had either Hi or Hpi isolated. Median (IQR) age at first isolation was 9 years (4.5-16) for Hi , and 8 years (4-16) for Hpi , P = not significant. Both sexes were equally infected. Chronic infection occurred in 33% of pwPCD with Hi , and 34% for Hpi . Median forced expiratory volume in 1 second, percent predicted (FEV1%pred) was unaffected by infection with Hi or Hpi alone but decreased postcoinfection by a median (IQR) of -4% (-7 to -2), measured from 1 year before until 1 year after coinfection ( P = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hi and Hpi prevalence increased in our PCD cohort over time. One-third of patients were chronically infected, yet had an insignificant influence on lung function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1101-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes in Children <5 Years of Age Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, COVID-19 or Influenza in the United States.","authors":"Kathleen M Andersen, Thomas M Porter, Deshayne B Fell, Maya Reimbaeva, Mary M Moran, Alejandro Cane, Maria D McColgan, Santiago M C Lopez","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004866","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare the clinical burden among young children hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients <5 years of age hospitalized for RSV, COVID-19 or influenza between September 2022-August 2024 were selected from the PINC-AI Healthcare Database for retrospective cohort analysis. Hospitalization outcomes included length of stay, supplemental oxygen use, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and inhospital death. Weighted robust Poisson regression models estimated risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals comparing RSV to COVID-19 and influenza, with further stratification by age at admission (<1, 1 and 2-4 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 56,634 children (43,766 RSV; 6,697 COVID-19; 6,171 influenza) hospitalized for the acute respiratory infections, children hospitalized for RSV were mean age 0.7 years, versus 0.7 (COVID-19) and 1.7 years (influenza), more often admitted to the ICU (28.2%, vs. 22.4% and 21.7%), required supplemental oxygen (46.1%, vs. 20.2% and 26.2%) and IMV (12.0%, vs. 8.3% and 8.2%). In adjusted regression models, increased risks of supplemental oxygen, ICU admission and IMV persisted with RSV as compared with COVID-19 and influenza. Risks with RSV were highest among children <1 year old. Inpatient mortality was observed [0.1% (RSV), 0.3% (COVID-19), 0.4% (influenza)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Viral respiratory diseases cause a significant burden of illness in hospitalized children <5 years of age. Compared with COVID-19 and influenza, RSV had a significantly higher risk of nearly all inhospital outcomes examined. Inhospital mortality for COVID-19 and influenza was higher than RSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1018-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Series: Off-label Use of Dalbavancin in Pediatric Gram-positive Infections.","authors":"María Guillén-Martínez, David Aguilera-Alonso, Juan Luis Santos-Pérez, Álvaro Vázquez-Pérez, José Tomás Ramos-Amador, Luis Manuel Prieto Tato","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004883","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a growing interest in the use of dalbavancin as treatment for infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms. Due to its long half-life, linear pharmacokinetics and good tolerability, it has been used in different clinical scenarios, including off-label indications. Studies are limited in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety in real-world use of dalbavancin in children in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to describe the use of dalbavancin in children under 18 years of age admitted to 3 referral University hospitals in Spain until Jun 30, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen patients were included, 66% male, with a median age of 7.1 years (interquartile range: 3.7-12.1). The most common infection was endocarditis (4, 26%) and endovascular infections (3, 20%), and the most frequently isolated microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (9, 60%). The main reason to use dalbavancin was for consolidation treatment (15, 100%) to facilitate earlier hospital discharge (11, 73.3%). Dalbavancin was administered in one-dose regimen in 8 patients (53.3%), in two-dose regimen in 5 patients (30%) and multiple-dose regimen in 2 cases (13.3%). One patient developed macular rash and diarrhea and dalbavancin was discontinued. Fourteen patients (93%) were cured of infection at day 90.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dalbavancin could be considered as a consolidation treatment for severe infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms. It appears to be safe and effective in most children. Studies in the pediatric population to assess the use of dalbavacin in children are needed. A better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of dalbavancin in multiple-dose regimens is of special interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e389-e393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhabdomyolysis: An Atypical Manifestation of Severe Dengue in a Pediatric Case.","authors":"Francisco Agustín Cerra, Camila Helena Witteveen, Gastón Eloy Marmo, Nuria Aisenberg","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004887","DOIUrl":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19858,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e428-e429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}