Pathogens and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring avian influenza in mammals with real-time data.","authors":"Francesco Branda, Marta Giovanetti, Fabio Scarpa, Massimo Ciccozzi","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2323843","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2323843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"280-284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and application of nano-therapeutics as a promising approach to combat methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Raghad H F Bashabsheh, O'la Al-Fawares, Iyad Natsheh, Roba Bdeir, Rozan O Al-Khreshieh, Hasan H F Bashabsheh","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2285187","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2285187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a Gram-positive bacterium and one of the most prevalent infectious disease-related causes of morbidity and mortality in adults. This pathogen can trigger a broad spectrum of diseases, from sepsis and pneumonia to severe skin infections that can be fatal. In this review, we will provide an overview of <i>S. aureus</i> and discuss the extensive literature on epidemiology, transmission, genetic diversity, evolution and antibiotic resistance strains, particularly methicillin resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA). While many different virulence factors that <i>S. aureus</i> produces have been investigated as therapeutic targets, this review examines recent nanotechnology approaches, which employ materials with atomic or molecular dimensions and are being used to diagnose, treat, or eliminate the activity of <i>S. aureus</i>. Finally, having a deeper understanding and clearer grasp of the roles and contributions of <i>S. aureus</i> determinants, antibiotic resistance, and nanotechnology will aid us in developing anti-virulence strategies to combat the growing scarcity of effective antibiotics against <i>S. aureus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"209-231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the health impact of increasing vaccine coverage and nonpharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 in Ghana.","authors":"Sylvia K Ofori, Jessica S Schwind, Kelly L Sullivan, Gerardo Chowell, Benjamin J Cowling, Isaac Chun-Hai Fung","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2313787","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2313787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seroprevalence studies assessing community exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Ghana concluded that population-level immunity remained low as of February 2021. Thus, it is important to demonstrate how increasing vaccine coverage reduces the economic and public health impacts associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission. To that end, this study used a Susceptible-Exposed-Presymptomatic-Symptomatic-Asymptomatic-Recovered-Dead-Vaccinated compartmental model to simulate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and the role of public health interventions in Ghana. The impact of increasing vaccination rates and decline in transmission rates due to nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on cumulative infections and deaths averted was explored under different scenarios. Latin hypercube sampling-partial rank correlation coefficient (LHS-PRCC) was used to investigate the uncertainty and sensitivity of the outcomes to the parameters. Simulation results suggest that increasing the vaccination rate to achieve 50% coverage was associated with almost 60,000 deaths and 25 million infections averted. In comparison, a 50% decrease in the transmission coefficient was associated with the prevention of about 150,000 deaths and 50 million infections. The LHS-PRCC results indicated that in the context of vaccination rate, cumulative infections and deaths averted were most sensitive to vaccination rate, waning immunity rates from vaccination, and waning immunity from natural infection. This study's findings illustrate the impact of increasing vaccination coverage and/or reducing the transmission rate by NPI adherence in the prevention of COVID-19 infections and deaths in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"262-276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond gain of function: strengthening oversight of research with potential pandemic pathogens.","authors":"Gregory D Koblentz, Rocco Casagrande","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2265627","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2265627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2017, the Department of Health and Human Services adopted a policy, known as the P3CO Framework, to govern proposed research that could enhance the lethality or transmissibility of a potential pandemic pathogen. The prospect of a human-made virus with artificially enhanced lethality and transmissibility has raised serious biosafety and biosecurity concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated new concerns about the risks posed by such research. Even if the origins of the pandemic are presumed or proven to be the result of a natural zoonotic spillover event, the pandemic has placed greater scrutiny on research that could generate pandemic-capable viruses and dramatically illustrated the consequences if such a virus were released from a laboratory. This article assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the P3CO Framework and provides recommendations for strengthening oversight of research with potential pandemic pathogens. The P3CO Framework should be replaced by a national policy that would apply to all relevant research, regardless of the source of funding and be implemented by a new national agency for biorisk management. This new policy would need to be accompanied by a comprehensive analysis of potential pandemic pathogen risks, clear guidance on how to identify research that falls within the scope of the policy, a rigorous process for reviewing the risks and benefits of such research, and criteria for determining the appropriate measures needed to conduct such research safely, securely, and responsibly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"197-208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41143189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco.","authors":"Safae El Mazouri, Abdelmounim Essabbar, Tarik Aanniz, Rachid Eljaoudi, Lahcen Belyamani, Azeddine Ibrahimi, Mouna Ouadghiri","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2250942","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2250942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the numerous variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that have been reported worldwide, the emergence of the Omicron variant has drastically changed the landscape of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity of Moroccan SARS-CoV-2 genomes with a focus on Omicron variant after one year of its detection in Morocco in order to understand its genomic dynamics, features and its potential introduction sources. From 937 Omicron genomes, we identified a total of 999 non-unique mutations distributed across 92 Omicron lineages, of which 13 were specific to the country. Our findings suggest multiple introductory sources of the Omicron variant to Morocco. In addition, we found that four Omicron clades are more infectious in comparison to other Omicron clades. Remarkably, a clade of Omicron is particularly more transmissible and has become the dominant variant worldwide. Moreover, our assessment of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) mutations showed that the Spike K444T and N460K mutations enabled a clade higher ability of immune vaccine escape. In conclusion, our analysis highlights the unique genetic diversity of the Omicron variant in Moroccan SARS-CoV-2 genomes, with multiple introductory sources and the emergence of highly transmissible clades. The distinctiveness of the Moroccan strains compared to global ones underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and understanding of local genomic dynamics for effective response strategies in the evolving COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10084452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in pregnancy indicators in Northern Uganda: a joinpoint regression analysis.","authors":"Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Jerry Ictho, Mariangela L'Episcopia, Emmanuel Onapa, Elda De Vita, Roberta Novara, Nelson Olung, Valentina Totaro, Lameck Olal, Giulia Patti, Christopher Bingom, Umberto Farina, Roberta Papagni, Caroline Agaro, Davide Fiore Bavaro, James Amone, Giovanni Dall'Oglio, Benedict Ngole, Claudia Marotta, Samuel Okori, Maurizio Zarcone, Joseph Ogwang, Carlo Severini, Peter Lochoro, Giovanni Putoto, Annalisa Saracino, Francesco Di Gennaro","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2273023","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2273023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy is both a risk factor for <i>P. falciparum</i> infection and development of severe malaria. In low- and middle-income countries, the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted health systems, including utilization of maternal services. This study aimed to assess trends in delivering malaria in pregnancy-related health-care services before and during COVID-19 in Northern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An interrupted time-series study comparing pre-COVID-19 (January 2018 to April 2020) and COVID-19 (May to December 2021) periods, based on the date the first COVID case was detected. The study involved 30 health facilities in Northern Uganda with 22,650 estimated pregnancies per year, 14% of which took place in hospital. Monthly data were sourced from District routinely collected indicators. Trends were analyzed by joinpoint regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the onset of the COVID pandemic in Uganda (May 2020), we found a significant reduction in the number of women accessing a fourth antenatal care visit (from APC + 183.5 to + 4.98; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and taking at least three doses of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp, from APC + 84.28 to -63.12; <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, we found no significant change in the trend of the total number of pregnant women managed as outpatients or hospitalized for malaria, as well as in the number of women attending their first antenatal visit and in the number of institutional deliveries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced access to ANC visits and IPTp uptake. However, the healthcare system maintained its capacity for managing malaria cases, first antenatal visits, and institutional deliveries.Trial registration: This study has been registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov public website on 26 April 2022. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05348746.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The blinding disease”. The history of trachoma in Italians between the 19th and 20th centuries: colonial or national blindness?","authors":"Mariano Martini, Niccolò Riccardi, Omar Simonetti, Davide Orsini, Francesco Samassa, Alessandra Parodi","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2342623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2342623","url":null,"abstract":"Trachoma is one of the oldest known causes of blindness in humans and it is caused by the intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A, B, Ba and C. Its transmission has h...","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability of the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineage","authors":"Fabio Scarpa, Massimo Ciccozzi","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2024.2342620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2024.2342620","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Pathogens and Global Health (Ahead of Print, 2024)","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-based intervention for improving influenza vaccination in pregnant women: a cost-effectiveness analysis.","authors":"Yingcheng Wang, Ginenus Fekadu, Joyce H S You","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2272109","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2272109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A website with vaccine information and interactive social media was reported to improve maternal influenza vaccine uptake. This study aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of a web-based intervention on influenza vaccine uptake among pregnant women from the perspective of US healthcare providers. A one-year decision-analytic model estimated outcomes in a hypothetical cohort of pregnant women with: (1) website with vaccine information and interactive social media (intervention group), and (2) usual care (usual care group). Primary measures included influenza infection, influenza-related hospitalization, mortality, direct medical cost, and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) loss. In base-case analysis, intervention group reduced cost (by USD28), infection (by 28 per 1,000 pregnant women), hospitalization (by 1.226 per 1,000 pregnant women), mortality (by 0.0036 per 1,000 pregnant women), and saved 0.000305 QALYs versus usual care group. Relative improvement of vaccine uptake by the intervention and number of pregnant women in the healthcare system were two influential factors identified in deterministic sensitivity analysis. The intervention was cost-effective in 99.5% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations (at willingness-to-pay threshold 50,000 USD/QALY). A website with vaccine information and interactive social media to promote influenza vaccination for pregnant women appears to reduce direct medical costs and gain QALYs from the perspective of US healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41237534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of COVID-19 infection characteristics in a Lebanese cohort of inpatients during different pandemic periods.","authors":"Tony Haykal, Jonathan Mina, Mohamad Fleifel, Hani Dimassi, Janane Nasr, Ahmad Mahdi, Ranime Harb, Ghida El Hout, Elissar Franjieh, Jacques Mokhbat, Anna Farra, Mariana Helou, Rola Husni","doi":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2239492","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20477724.2023.2239492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to describe COVID-19 patients characteristics, laboratory and imaging results, and the different outcomes of patients admitted to the Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital over a period of 9 months. In this observational retrospective study, data were obtained from electronic medical records of 491 male and female patients from the ages of 17 to 97. Analysis of the patients was performed in 3 periods: August 2020 to October 20 November 202020 to January 2021 and February 2021 to April 2021 corresponding with 3 waves of newly diagnosed cases during this period. The sample showed a male predominance with an average age of 63. The average hospitalization length was 10.1 days. The majority of patients were discharged to quarantine. The distribution of hospitalized cases was significantly correlated to the monthly distribution of newly COVID-19 cases in Lebanon. There was no significant difference in patient's characteristics between the 3 periods of the study (gender, age, body mass index, smoking, and medical conditions). Clinical presentations of the patients varied between the 3 periods. Similarly, the course and outcome of infection varied. Patients received less oxygen during period 1, while more patients were cured during period 3. This study presents the first Lebanese cohort of COVID-19 patients with their medical background, clinical presentation, laboratory results, radiological findings and course of infection with its outcome. It also shows how the relations between the medical manifestation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the socio-political measures of infection control are deeply intertwined.</p>","PeriodicalId":19850,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9912188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}