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The Effects of the 2020 BLM Protests on Racial Bias in the United States. 2020 年 BLM 抗议活动对美国种族偏见的影响》。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241269841
Maximilian A Primbs, Rob W Holland, Freek Oude Maatman, Tessa A M Lansu, Ruddy Faure, Gijsbert Bijlstra
{"title":"The Effects of the 2020 BLM Protests on Racial Bias in the United States.","authors":"Maximilian A Primbs, Rob W Holland, Freek Oude Maatman, Tessa A M Lansu, Ruddy Faure, Gijsbert Bijlstra","doi":"10.1177/01461672241269841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241269841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests in response to the murder of George Floyd highlighted the lingering structural inequalities faced by Black people in the United States. In the present research, we investigated whether these protests led to reduced implicit and explicit racial bias among White U.S. Americans. Combining data from Project Implicit, Armed Conflict Location Event Data Project (ACLED), Google Trends, and the American Community survey, we observed rapid drops in implicit and explicit measures of racial bias after the onset of the protests. However, both types of racial bias slowly increased again over time as (attention to) BLM faded. We use directed acyclic graphs to show under which assumptions causal inferences are warranted. We discuss our results in light of situational models of bias, their implications for protest movements, and raise questions about when and how social norms play a role in large-scale attitude change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multimodal Cues to Change Your Mind: The Intertwining of Faces, Voices, and Behaviors in Impression Updating. 改变想法的多模态线索：印象更新中面孔、声音和行为的交织。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241273209
Matteo Masi, Simone Mattavelli, Fabio Fasoli, Marco Brambilla
{"title":"Multimodal Cues to Change Your Mind: The Intertwining of Faces, Voices, and Behaviors in Impression Updating.","authors":"Matteo Masi, Simone Mattavelli, Fabio Fasoli, Marco Brambilla","doi":"10.1177/01461672241273209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241273209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impressions of others are formed from multiple cues, including facial features, vocal tone, and behavioral descriptions, and may be subject to multimodal updating. Four experiments (<i>N</i> = 803) examined the influence of a target's face or voice on impression updating. Experiments 1a-1b examined whether behavior-based impressions are susceptible to updating by incongruent information conveyed by the target's face, voice, or behavior (within-participant manipulation). Both faces and voices updated impressions with comparable strength, but less than behaviors. Experiment 2, contrasting faces and voices only (between-participants manipulation), showed that voices outperformed faces regardless of how impressions were formed (i.e., via behavioral vs. nonbehavioral information). Experiment 3 found no difference when comparing faces and voices in a within-participant design and controlling for stimulus attractiveness. Our work highlights the importance of multimodal cues for impression updating and shows that the relative power of faces and voices depends on contextual factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Invariance Violations and the CNI Model of Moral Judgments. 违反不变性与道德判断的 CNI 模型。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231164888
Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Karl Christoph Klauer
{"title":"Invariance Violations and the CNI Model of Moral Judgments.","authors":"Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Karl Christoph Klauer","doi":"10.1177/01461672231164888","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231164888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of papers have applied the CNI model of moral judgments to investigate deontological and consequentialist response tendencies. A controversy has emerged concerning the methodological assumptions of the CNI model. In this article, we contribute to this debate by extending the CNI paradigm with a skip option. This allows us to test an invariance assumption that the CNI model shares with prominent process-dissociation models in cognitive and social psychology. Like for these models, the present experiments found violations of the invariance assumption for the CNI model. In Experiment 2, we replicate these results and selectively influence the new parameter for the skip option. In addition, structural equation modeling reveals that previous findings for the relationship between gender and the CNI parameters are completely mediated by the association of gender with primary psychopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9772812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socioeconomic Status and Meta-Perceptions: How Markers of Culture and Rank Predict Beliefs About How Others See Us. 社会经济地位与元感知：文化和等级标志如何预测关于他人如何看待我们的信念。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231171435
Holly R Engstrom, Kristin Laurin, Nick R Kay, Lauren J Human
{"title":"Socioeconomic Status and Meta-Perceptions: How Markers of Culture and Rank Predict Beliefs About How Others See Us.","authors":"Holly R Engstrom, Kristin Laurin, Nick R Kay, Lauren J Human","doi":"10.1177/01461672231171435","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231171435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does a person's socioeconomic status (SES) relate to how she thinks others see her? Seventeen studies (eight pre-registered; three reported in-text and 14 replications in supplemental online material [SOM], total <i>N</i> = 6,124) found that people with low SES believe others see them as colder and less competent than those with high SES. The SES difference in meta-perceptions was explained by people's self-regard and self-presentation expectations. Moreover, lower SES people's more negative meta-perceptions were not warranted: Those with lower SES were not seen more negatively, and were less accurate in guessing how others saw them. They also had important consequences: People with lower SES blamed themselves more for negative feedback about their warmth and competence. Internal meta-analyses suggested this effect was larger and more consistent for current socioeconomic rank than cultural background.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To Protect or to Kill? Environmental Contingent Self-Worth Moderates Death Prime Effects on Animal-Based Attitudes. 保护还是杀戮？环境条件下的自我价值调节死亡对动物态度的主要影响。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231160652
Samuel Fairlamb, Andrada-Elena Stan, Katinka Lovas
{"title":"To Protect or to Kill? Environmental Contingent Self-Worth Moderates Death Prime Effects on Animal-Based Attitudes.","authors":"Samuel Fairlamb, Andrada-Elena Stan, Katinka Lovas","doi":"10.1177/01461672231160652","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231160652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifshin et al. found that death primes increased support for killing animals, suggesting that the killing of animals serves a terror management function. The present research adds to this by suggesting that protecting animals can also serve a terror management function when people see such behaviors as culturally valuable. In three studies (<i>N</i> = 765), environmental contingent self-worth (ECSW) moderated the effect of death primes on attitudes toward animals. Attitudes toward animals also mediated the effect of a death prime on increased power-based invulnerability for those with low ECSW and decreased power-based invulnerability for those with high ECSW (Study 3). Finally, we found little support that death primes influenced beliefs regarding human-animal superiority (Study 1 and 2) or similarity (Study 2). Our findings therefore provide partial support for past terror management research and further the understanding regarding how to promote more benevolent human-animal relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgment Revisited. 精神变态特质与功利主义道德判断的再审视。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231169105
Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zuzanna Farny
{"title":"Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgment Revisited.","authors":"Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zuzanna Farny","doi":"10.1177/01461672231169105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231169105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide deeper insights into the relationships between psychopathic traits and utilitarian moral judgment, we studied <i>N</i> = 702 adults using three psychopathy scales: (a) the Levenson's Self-report Psychopathy Scale; (b) the Psychopathic Personality Inventory; and (c) the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure; and three measures of utilitarian moral judgment: (a) trolley dilemmas; (b) the Consequences, Norms, and Inaction (CNI) model of moral decision-making; and (c) the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale. When using the traditional approach to moral judgment (i.e., trolley dilemmas, instrumental harm, traditional score from the CNI model), we found that higher levels of psychopathic traits were associated with a higher utilitarian tendency. When using the modeling approach, we found that a higher level of psychopathic traits was related to weaker sensitivity to moral norms and less action averse in morally problematic situations. In addition, we found negative associations between impartial beneficence and all psychopathy scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Successful Goal Attainment: Longitudinal Effects of Goal Commitment and Implicit Motives Among German and Zambian Adolescents. 成功的目标达成：德国和赞比亚青少年目标承诺和内隐动机的纵向效应。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231181938
Jan Hofer, Ellen Kerpen, Holger Busch, Meike Lehmann, Anitha Menon
{"title":"Successful Goal Attainment: Longitudinal Effects of Goal Commitment and Implicit Motives Among German and Zambian Adolescents.","authors":"Jan Hofer, Ellen Kerpen, Holger Busch, Meike Lehmann, Anitha Menon","doi":"10.1177/01461672231181938","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231181938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goal commitment typically relates to successful goal realization. Yet, individuals differ in how much their goals correspond to their implicit motives. We hypothesized that for those adolescents high in a given implicit motive, goal commitment and goal success in the corresponding motive domain (i.e., achievement, affiliation, power) are more closely related than for those low in the implicit motive. Data were assessed in an individualistic (Germany) and a collectivistic cultural context (Zambia) on two measurement occasions (i.e., T1: Picture Story Exercise for implicit motives; T1 and T2: GOALS questionnaire for goal commitment and success, respectively). Goal success at T2 was reliably predicted by goal importance and goal success at T1, respectively. The hypothesized interaction was found only for the implicit power motive but not for the implicit needs of achievement and affiliation, respectively. Results were equivalent across adolescents' cultural backgrounds. Findings are discussed with respect to motive-specific effects on goal dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Much Is It Weighing on You? Development and Validation of the Secrecy Burden Scale. 你的负担有多重？保密负担量表的开发与验证。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231172387
Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L Gable
{"title":"How Much Is It Weighing on You? Development and Validation of the Secrecy Burden Scale.","authors":"Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L Gable","doi":"10.1177/01461672231172387","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231172387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keeping a secret is often considered burdensome, with numerous consequences for well-being. However, there is no standardized measure of secrecy burden, and most studies focus on individual/cognitive burden without considering social/relational aspects. This research aimed to develop and validate a secrecy burden measure tapping both intrapersonal and interpersonal components. Study 1 used exploratory factor analysis to reveal a four-factor model of secrecy burden: Daily Personal Impact, Relationship Impact, Pull to Reveal, and Anticipated Consequences. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to replicate this factor structure and found that each factor was uniquely associated with different emotional and well-being outcomes. Study 3 employed a longitudinal design and found that higher scores on each factor predicted lower authenticity and higher depression and anxiety 2 to 3 weeks later. Altogether, this research is the first step in standardizing a secrecy burden measure and applying it to real-world secrets and well-being outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to Positive Feedback as a Lever to Boost Students' STEM Outcomes. 积极反馈是提高学生科学、技术和工程学成果的杠杆》的更正。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241276870
{"title":"Corrigendum to Positive Feedback as a Lever to Boost Students' STEM Outcomes.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01461672241276870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241276870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization. 在多种族分类过程中，单种族类别的反射性激活。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241273194
John Andrew H Chwe, David J Lick, Jonathan B Freeman
{"title":"Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization.","authors":"John Andrew H Chwe, David J Lick, Jonathan B Freeman","doi":"10.1177/01461672241273194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241273194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has examined the real-time cognitive processes underlying perceivers' ability to resolve racial ambiguity into monoracial categorizations, but such processes for multiracial categorizations are less clear. Using a novel, three-choice mouse-tracking paradigm, we found that when perceivers categorized faces as multiracial their hand movements revealed an initial attraction to a monoracial category (study 1). Moreover, exposure to multiracial individuals moderated these effects. When measured (Study 2) or manipulated (Study 3), multiracial exposure reduced monoracial category activation and activation occurred for both morphed and real multiracial faces (Study 4). Together, the findings suggest that multiracial categorizations emerge from dynamic competition between relatively more accessible monoracial categories and a less-accessible multiracial category, which is attenuated through greater exposure to multiracial targets. This research is the first to chart out the real-time dynamics underlying multiracial categorizations and offers a new theoretical account of this increasingly common form of social categorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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