Franziska Magdalena Saxler, Angela R Dorrough, Laura Froehlich, Katharina Block, Alyssa Croft, Loes Meeussen, Maria I T Olsson, Toni Schmader, Carolin Schuster, Sanne van Grootel, Colette Van Laar, Ciara Atkinson, Tessa Benson-Greenwald, Andreea Birneanu, Vladimira Cavojova, Sapna Cheryan, Albert Lee Kai Chung, Ivan Danyliuk, Ilan Dar-Nimrod, Soledad de Lemus, Amanda Diekman, Léïla Eisner, Lucía Estevan-Reina, Denisa Fedáková, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Adriana L Germano, Tabea Hässler, Levke Henningsen, Keiko Ishii, Eva Kundtová Klocová, Inna Kozytska, Clara Kulich, Christina Lapytskaia Aidy, Wilson López López, James Morandini, TamilSelvan Ramis, Carolin Scheifele, Jennifer Steele, Melanie C Steffens, Laura María Velásquez Díaz, Mar Venegas, Sarah E Martiny
{"title":"Did Descriptive and Prescriptive Norms About Gender Equality at Home Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-National Investigation.","authors":"Franziska Magdalena Saxler, Angela R Dorrough, Laura Froehlich, Katharina Block, Alyssa Croft, Loes Meeussen, Maria I T Olsson, Toni Schmader, Carolin Schuster, Sanne van Grootel, Colette Van Laar, Ciara Atkinson, Tessa Benson-Greenwald, Andreea Birneanu, Vladimira Cavojova, Sapna Cheryan, Albert Lee Kai Chung, Ivan Danyliuk, Ilan Dar-Nimrod, Soledad de Lemus, Amanda Diekman, Léïla Eisner, Lucía Estevan-Reina, Denisa Fedáková, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Adriana L Germano, Tabea Hässler, Levke Henningsen, Keiko Ishii, Eva Kundtová Klocová, Inna Kozytska, Clara Kulich, Christina Lapytskaia Aidy, Wilson López López, James Morandini, TamilSelvan Ramis, Carolin Scheifele, Jennifer Steele, Melanie C Steffens, Laura María Velásquez Díaz, Mar Venegas, Sarah E Martiny","doi":"10.1177/01461672231219719","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231219719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using data from 15 countries, this article investigates whether descriptive and prescriptive gender norms concerning housework and child care (domestic work) changed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a total of 8,343 participants (<i>M</i> = 19.95, <i>SD</i> = 1.68) from two comparable student samples suggest that descriptive norms about unpaid domestic work have been affected by the pandemic, with individuals seeing mothers' relative to fathers' share of housework and child care as even larger. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of the pandemic on descriptive norms about child care decreased with countries' increasing levels of gender equality; countries with stronger gender inequality showed a larger difference between pre- and post-pandemic. This study documents a shift in descriptive norms and discusses implications for gender equality-emphasizing the importance of addressing the additional challenges that mothers face during health-related crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1745-1759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do Invested Partners Become Invested? A Prospective Investigation of Fledgling Relationship Development.","authors":"Samantha Joel, Laura Machia","doi":"10.1177/01461672231224351","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231224351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investment-the feeling that one has put considerable resources into a relationship-is theorized to play a key role in relationship persistence. Yet, the development of investment is not well-understood. We recruited 256 individuals in new dating relationships and surveyed them each week for up to 25 weeks. This design allows us to test underlying theoretical assumptions about how people become invested in new dating partners. Some assumptions, such as the idea that investment increases over time, were confirmed. Other assumptions were not supported: Feelings of investment were quite high after only a few weeks of dating and were not strongly shaped by concrete relationship milestones. Rather, feelings of investment were strongly linked to other subjective indicators of relationship development, such as feeling attached to the partner and believing that the relationship had a good future. We discuss the implications of these findings for existing models of investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1689-1702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efisio Manunta, Maja Becker, Vivian L Vignoles, Paul Bertin, Eleonora Crapolicchio, Camila Contreras, Alin Gavreliuc, Roberto González, Claudia Manzi, Thomas Salanova, Matthew J Easterbrook
{"title":"Populism, Economic Distress, Cultural Backlash, and Identity Threat: Integrating Patterns and Testing Cross-National Validity.","authors":"Efisio Manunta, Maja Becker, Vivian L Vignoles, Paul Bertin, Eleonora Crapolicchio, Camila Contreras, Alin Gavreliuc, Roberto González, Claudia Manzi, Thomas Salanova, Matthew J Easterbrook","doi":"10.1177/01461672241231727","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672241231727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Populism is on the rise across liberal democracies. The sociopsychological underpinnings of this increasing endorsement of populist ideology should be uncovered. In an online cross-sectional survey study among adult samples from five countries (Chile, France, Italy, Romania, and the United Kingdom; <i>N</i> = 9,105), we aimed to replicate an <i>economic distress</i> pattern in which relative deprivation and identity threat are associated with populism. We further tested a <i>cultural backlash</i> pattern-including perceived anomie, collective narcissism, and identity threat as predictors of populism. Multigroup structural equation models supported both economic distress and cultural backlash paths as predictors of populist thin ideology endorsement. In both paths, identity threat to belonging played a significant role as partial mediator. Furthermore, an integrative model showed that the two patterns were not mutually exclusive. These findings emphasize the implication of identity threat to belonging as an explanatory mediator and demonstrate the cross-national generalizability of these patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1760-1775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Culture and the Social Clock: Cultural Differences in the Optimal Timing of Life.","authors":"Lu Zang, Heejung Kim","doi":"10.1177/01461672251362514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251362514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People typically hold personal views regarding the appropriate age ranges for significant life events, such as starting college, getting married, or having kids. Such socially prescribed timetables have been termed the social clock. In this paper, we investigate how and why the rigidity (or flexibility) of the social clock may vary across cultures. In three studies (two preregistered), participants from China and the United States were asked to provide the earliest and the latest ages they think appropriate for engaging in several life events. We operationalized the social clock's rigidity as the width of the time windows for these life events. We found notable cultural differences: The social clock was more rigid in China than in the United States, and filial piety beliefs are likely explanations for these differences. We further assessed the anticipated negative self-conscious emotions associated with deviation from the social clocks. Societal implications and future directions were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1461672251362514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144964484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Bianchi, Katharine H Greenaway, Ella K Moeck, Michael L Slepian, Elise K Kalokerinos
{"title":"Secrecy in Everyday Life.","authors":"Valentina Bianchi, Katharine H Greenaway, Ella K Moeck, Michael L Slepian, Elise K Kalokerinos","doi":"10.1177/01461672241226560","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672241226560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secrecy is common, yet we know little about how it plays out in daily life. Most existing research on secrecy is based on methods involving retrospection over long periods of time, failing to capture secrecy \"in the wild.\" Filling this gap, we conducted two studies using intensive longitudinal designs to present the first picture of secrecy in everyday life. We investigated momentary contextual factors and individual differences as predictors of mind-wandering to and concealing secrets. Contextual factors more consistently predicted secrecy experiences than person-level factors. Feeling more negative about a secret predicted a greater likelihood of mind-wandering to the secret. Interacting with the secret target was linked with a greater likelihood of secret concealment. Individual differences were not consistently associated with mind-wandering to secrets. We conclude that daily experiences with secrets may be better predicted by momentary feelings rather than individual differences such as personality traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1664-1688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12276408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nostalgia and Health: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Different Nostalgic Experiences.","authors":"Kuan-Ju Huang, Raphael Uricher","doi":"10.1177/01461672231226373","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231226373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study examines the long-term dynamics of the relationship between nostalgia and health using a population-based longitudinal sample in the Netherlands (<i>N</i> = 958). We identified five types of nostalgia-<i>Home, Peers and shared experiences, Emotional security, Innocence</i>, and <i>Leisure and media</i>-and explored their relationships with health using network analyses. We found bidirectional relationships between nostalgia and health over a 1-year interval. Self-rated health and mental health negatively predicted nostalgia centered on <i>Peers and shared experiences, Emotional security</i>, and <i>Innocence</i>. Nostalgia, especially <i>Emotional security</i> and <i>Innocence</i>, negatively predicted self-rated health and mental health. The effects were further moderated by age. Cross-lagged relationships from nostalgia to health were found in younger but not older adults, while relationships from health to nostalgia were found primarily among older adults. In sum, we demonstrate the importance of considering age and type of nostalgia when exploring long-term relationships between nostalgia and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1538-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle R vanDellen, William M Schiavone, Julian W C Wright, Jerica X Bornstein
{"title":"When What Is Beautiful Is Not Good: The Role of Trait Self-Control in Resisting Eye Candy.","authors":"Michelle R vanDellen, William M Schiavone, Julian W C Wright, Jerica X Bornstein","doi":"10.1177/01461672241235386","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672241235386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People are drawn to and like others who are physically attractive. In the present research, we investigated the influence of trait self-control on individuals' interest in relationships with physically attractive others. We hypothesized that high (vs. low) self-control individuals would approach relationships by considering information beyond appearance about potential partners, including partners' self-control. We additionally explored the influence of other traits (e.g., Big 5, self-esteem, and attachment styles) on relationship interest. Across studies, we consistently found that individuals with higher self-control avoided pursuing relationships with attractive individuals who display low self-control. In Study 3, we observed a similar pattern for three other traits: conscientiousness, extraversion, and positivity embracement. These results suggest perceivers' self-control shapes relationship interest, particularly when attractive individuals possess less desirable qualities. The findings extend past research that attractiveness increases interest in others and highlights the potential for trait self-control to direct relationship interest during initial interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1776-1792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Looking on the (B)right Side of Life: Cognitive Ability and Miscalibrated Financial Expectations.","authors":"Chris Dawson","doi":"10.1177/01461672231209400","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231209400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is a puzzle why humans tend toward unrealistic optimism, as it can lead to excessively risky behavior and a failure to take precautionary action. Using data from a large nationally representative U.K. sample <math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>36</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>312</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo></mrow></math> our claim is that optimism bias is partly a consequence of low cognition-as measured by a broad range of cognitive skills, including memory, verbal fluency, fluid reasoning and numerical reasoning. We operationalize unrealistic optimism as the difference between a person's financial expectation and the financial realization that follows, measured annually over a decade. All else being equal, those highest on cognitive ability experience a 22% (53.2%) increase in the probability of realism (pessimism) and a 34.8% reduction in optimism compared with those lowest on cognitive ability. This suggests that the negative consequences of an excessively optimistic mindset may, in part, be a side product of the true driver, low cognitive ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1703-1715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12276405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Asymmetries in Self-Concept Change After Discrepant Feedback.","authors":"Franziska Brotzeller, Mario Gollwitzer","doi":"10.1177/01461672241232738","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672241232738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Receiving self-relevant feedback that is discrepant from one's self-concept can lead to self-concept change. However, it is currently unclear whether positive or negative feedback has a larger effect on self-concept change. Across four studies (total <i>N</i> = 1,438), we demonstrate that intentions for self-concept change (Study 1) as well as actual self-concept change (Studies 2, 3, and 4) are larger (a) for larger discrepancies between self-concept and feedback and (b) for negative compared to positive discrepancies. Exploring these effects further in Study 4, we find no evidence that the opportunity for improvement influences whether self-concept change is positively or negatively biased. In sum, the present research provides consistent evidence for a negativity bias in self-concept change, investigates a theoretical explanation, and discusses alternative explanatory approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1731-1744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12276396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Longitudinal Changes in Chinese Prosociality.","authors":"Sijing Chen, Shasha Yang","doi":"10.1177/01461672231225367","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231225367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents three studies using data from the <i>World Values Survey</i>, 128 published studies, and <i>China Family Panel Studies</i> to comprehensively examine the longitudinal dynamics of Chinese prosociality, encompassing prosocial attitudes, tendencies, and behaviors, with the overarching goal of shedding light on the evolving nature of prosociality in the Chinese context. These studies reveal a consistent pattern, illustrating a decline followed by a resurgence in all three aspects, with a nadir around 2014. In addition, the study investigates the intricate relationship between economic inequality, prosocial behavior, and prosocial attitudes. The findings suggest that while economic inequality significantly relates to prosocial behavior, it does not entirely explain its fluctuations. Prosocial attitudes partially mediate the connection between economic inequality and prosocial behavior. These insights suggest that addressing inequality could contribute to a more conducive social environment for societal-level prosociality. However, further research is imperative to explore additional determinants of prosociality shifts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"1574-1586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}