Pediatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Avocado consumption during pregnancy linked to lower child food allergy risk: prospective KuBiCo study.","authors":"Feon W Cheng, Ella Bauer, Nikki A Ford, Katri Backman, Raimo Voutilainen, Markku Pasanen, Leea Keski-Nisula, Sari Hantunen","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03968-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03968-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal exposures during pregnancy play a critical role in offspring's health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate how maternal avocado consumption during pregnancy relates to offspring allergic health outcomes using the Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study used data from KuBiCo. Avocado consumption was assessed using an online food frequency questionnaire in trimesters (T) 1 and 3. Avocado consumers were defined as participants who reported consuming any avocado (>0 grams) in T1 and/or 3, and avocado non-consumers were defined as those who didn't report consuming any avocado (0 grams) in both T1 and 3. The 12-month follow-up questionnaire captured offspring allergic outcomes (rhinitis, paroxysmal wheezing, atopic eczema, and food allergy).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4647 participants, 2272 met the criteria and were included in the analysis. Compared to avocado non-consumers (during pregnancy), avocado consumers (during pregnancy) had 43.6% lower odds of reporting food allergy among their children at the 12-month follow-up questionnaire while adjusted for relevant covariates. No significant associations were noted in the other three allergic health outcomes in the fully adjusted model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Avocado consumption during pregnancy was associated with lower odds of infant food allergies at 12 months, even when accounting for potential covariates.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Maternal exposures, such as nutrition during pregnancy, can affect offspring health outcomes. Consuming certain nutrients, which are found in avocados, during pregnancy have been associated with lower allergic health outcomes in children. Avocado consumption during pregnancy is found to be associated with lower odds of infant food allergies at 12 months, even when accounting for potential covariates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal link between type 1 diabetes mellitus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Europe.","authors":"Meng-Na Lv, Peng-Cheng Liu, Jian-Bin Li, Yi-Lin Peng, Shu-Jiao Yu, Rui Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03975-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03975-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several observational studies have shown an association between the presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the risk of developing juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The occurrence of comorbidities is a painful for children and their families. Therefore, a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger and MR-cML methods were used for evaluation. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses were applied to assess the robustness of the results. LD Score Regression (LDSC) was used as a supplement to MR analysis. After accounting for confounders, The multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis and MVMR-cML methods were conducted to verify the direct effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MR IVW and MR-cML methods revealed a causal association between T1DM status and the risk of developing JIA. However, there was no evidence of a causal relationship between T1DM status and the risk of developing JIAU. The sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were credible. LDSC verified the reliability of MR analysis. MVMR and MVMR-cML methods indicated that the association between T1DM and JIA was independent of confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MR analysis supports a causal association between T1DM status and the risk of developing JIA.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study uses bidirectional, LD Score Regression and multivariable Mendelian Randomization to establish a causal link between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in children. Our study addresses gaps in existing research and provides a possible causal relationship between the two diseases for the first time. This analysis provides clinicians with a basis for disease prevention, and effectively reduces the distress caused by comorbidities to children and families. At the same time, it provides some ideas for the study of the related mechanism of T1DM and JIA in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routinely collected physiological data improves the assessment of acute brain injury severity.","authors":"Nathan Stevenson, Michaela Waak, Karen M Barlow","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03969-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03969-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive impact of sodium L-lactate supplementation on blood acid-base status in preterm newborns.","authors":"Ifrah Omar Ibrahim, Chloé Perrot, Hélène Roumes, Marie-Christine Beauvieux, Olivier Brissaud, Sophie Cramaregeas, Eric Dumas-de-la-Roque, Luc Pellerin, Jean-François Chateil, Olivier Tandonnet, Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03963-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03963-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preclinical studies indicate that lactate is a crucial cerebral energy substrate, with Na-L-lactate administration significantly reducing brain lesion volumes and improving motor and cognitive functions following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rat pups. Its neuroprotective effects are linked to neuronal metabolic utilization, making it a promising candidate for treating newborns with hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, a condition where hypothermia remains the only established therapy. However, before initiating a clinical trial, it is necessary to assess the effects of Na-L-lactate infusion on blood parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed blood parameters in 60 premature neonates during their first days of life. Among them, 30 received Na-L-lactate instead of Na-Cl to prevent hyperchloremic acidosis. Blood pH, lactatemia, bicarbonates, glycemia, natremia, chloremia, base excess, and hemoglobin were monitored before, during, and after Na-L-lactate infusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed that Na-L-lactate infusion lowered blood lactate levels while increasing pH from 7.25 to 7.31. After stopping the infusion, lactatemia was 1.9 mM, and pH reached 7.32. Na-L-lactate supplementation effectively restored normal blood pH, maintained natremia, and prevented hyperchloremia. Notably, even in cases of high initial lactatemia, lactate levels decreased during the infusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data are promising and emphasize the need for further research to explore its potential applications in neonatal clinical care.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Sodium L-lactate infusion does not increase blood lactate levels and restores normal pH in premature neonates. The study demonstrates that sodium L-lactate infusion avoids hyperchloremia while maintaining sodium levels, offering a potential alternative to sodium chloride. These findings highlight the need for additional research studies to further evaluate the safety, efficacy, and potential applications of sodium L-lactate infusion in neonatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic T-cell activation profile in critically ill children with malignancies and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.","authors":"Sijuan Sun, Yue Liu, Hui Zhao, Yan Miu, Xiaohang Huang, Shuhong Shen, Hong Ren, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03962-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03962-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The early identification of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in critically ill children with malignancies is challenging. The value of an activated cytotoxic T-cell profile in diagnosing HLH in this group of patients is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Critically ill children with malignancies who suffered from persistent cytopenia in the pediatric intensive care unit were included. Children were divided into two groups based on how many clinical HLH diagnostic criteria they fulfilled: M-HLH group, ≥5 criteria; hematologic malignancy (HM) group, ≤4 criteria. Flow cytometry tests were performed within 24 h after the patient's admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven children who fulfilled the requirements were enrolled. Twenty children were classified into the M-HLH group and 17 into the HM group. The M-HLH group exhibited a higher mortality rate than the HM group. CD38 + HLA-DR + CD8+ T cells% and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were elevated in the M-HLH group. The area under the curve values of the two indexes were 0.906 and 0.897 respectively for the identification of M-HLH in the critically ill children, with CD38+/HLA-DR + CD8+ T cells% > 39.66% and IFN-γ > 22.58 exhibiting the best performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cytotoxic T-cell activation profile with CD38 + HLA-DR + CD8+ T cells% and IFN-γ is valuable in the early diagnosis of HLH in critically ill children with malignancies.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The early diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill children with malignancies (M-HLH) remains a major challenge for intensivists. Cytotoxic T-cell activation profile with the frequency of CD38 + HLA-DR+ T cells in CD8+ T cells (CD38 + HLA-DR + CD8+ T cells%) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is valuable in the early identification of pediatric M-HLH. These findings will support the future implementation of T-cell activation markers in the clinical management of children with M-HLH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extremely preterm infants with adverse neurological outcome present more frequently impaired right ventricular performance.","authors":"Niki Oikonomopoulou, Maria Jose Rodriguez-Castaño, Araceli Corredera, Cristina Cortés-Ledesma, Eva Vierge, Jose Martinez-Orgado, Luis Arruza","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03959-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03959-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between cardiovascular impairment and adverse outcome is insufficiently studied in preterm populations. Our aim was to analyze and compare cardiac performance during postnatal transition in extremely low gestational age infants (ELGANs) with and without adverse short-term neurological outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective observational cohort study. Continuous multimodal monitoring and targeted neonatal echocardiographic studies were conducted within the first 24 h of life (TNE1) and between 24 and 72 h (TNE2). Adverse outcome was defined as the composite of death, significant interventricular hemorrhage, or white matter injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 46 patients included, 21(45.7%) presented adverse outcome. There were no differences in left ventricular performance. During TNE1, infants with adverse outcome exhibited lower tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS-RV), alongside longer RV isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and higher RV Myocardial Performance Index (MPI). RV output positively correlated with peak systolic and mean velocity of the middle cerebral artery. By TNE2, RV performance differences had disappeared.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Impaired RV performance during early postnatal period is more frequent in ELGANs with adverse neurological outcome. Cerebral blood flow relies more on RV output. The potential role of early RV dysfunction in brain damage deserves further research.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Extremely preterm infants with adverse short-term neurological outcome present more frequently right ventricular dysfunction during early postnatal period, with a positive correlation between cerebral blood flow velocities and right ventricular output. RV performance may play a critical role in maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow; thus a subtle dysfunction could aggravate brain injury. This is the first study pointing towards a potential association between early RV dysfunction and adverse neurological outcome during neonatal transition in extremely preterm infants. Our study highlights the importance of early cardiac assessment and provides a new perspective for improving neonatal care and outcomes for this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals molecular signatures of central obesity in children.","authors":"Chengzhi Zhao, Xizhou An, Leyuan Xiao, Jingyu Chen, Daochao Huang, Lijing Chen, Shenying Fang, Xiaohua Liang","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03958-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41390-025-03958-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central obesity is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease. However, its molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully understood. This study aims to investigate lipids and proteins related to childhood central obesity, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted, including a total of 169 children (aged 7-16 years, 53.25% male, and 74 children in the central obesity group). Plasma lipidomics were measured in all 169 children, and plasma proteomics was measured in 112 of these children. The transcriptomics and lipidomics of the mice's liver were measured for normal feed and high-fat feed mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six key lipids significantly associated with central obesity were identified, predominantly triglycerides (TAG), with a minority being diacylglycerols (DAG). Additionally, six key proteins, namely PLIN1, PLAT, ADH1A, ADH4, LEP, and INHB, were discovered, which may positively influence the central obesity phenotype by modulating levels of lipids such as TAG, DAG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. These proteins exhibited increased expression in the plasma of children with central obesity. Validation using mouse liver samples showed some overlapping differential lipids between mice and children, albeit minimal overlap in differential genes. This discrepancy may stem from inherent differences between transcriptomics and proteomics, species variations, and differing sampling sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PLIN1, PLAT, ADH1A, ADH4, LEP, and INHB are potential significant biomarkers for childhood central obesity and may influence the phenotype of childhood central obesity by modulating levels of lipids such as TAG, DAG, LDL-C, and HDL-C.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>PLIN1, PLAT, ADH1A, ADH4, LEP, and INHB are potentially significant biomarkers for childhood central obesity and may influence the phenotype of childhood central obesity by modulating levels of lipids such as TAG, DAG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Research on integrating lipidomics and proteomics to elucidate the mechanisms of obesity, especially childhood central obesity, remains extremely limited. Our study filled this gap. Our findings highlight potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could pave the way for new interventions and treatments to prevent central obesity in children and its harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puncture approaches for ultrasound-guided kidney biopsy specimens: a pediatric model study using piglet kidneys.","authors":"Tomohiko Nishino, Sakurako Hirano, Shin Takemura, Shinya Tomori, Sayaka Ono, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Masakazu Mimaki","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03956-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03956-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The optimal puncture approach for real-time ultrasound-guided native kidney needle biopsy in children remains undetermined due to insufficient evidence. This study evaluated various puncture approaches for glomeruli count and arterial injury in the small kidneys of piglets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 144 kidneys sourced from a slaughterhouse were examined. On each kidney, three puncture approaches were performed on the lower pole using a 16-gauge needle: Caudocranial, Craniocaudal, and Vertical. Blinded pediatric nephrologists assessed core length, glomeruli count, and arterial injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The kidneys had a mean vertical length of 9.31 ± 0.59 cm. Of 432 punctures, no punctures traversed the kidney. The Vertical approach yielded a significantly shorter core length than other methods (P < 0.001), but the glomeruli count was consistent across approaches (P = 0.41). Over 60% of the biopsies resulted in arterial injury, with the Caudocranial approach showing significantly higher injury rates (P < 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study focused on puncture techniques in a pediatric model, suggesting that the Craniocaudal and Vertical approaches are advantageous for selective glomerular sampling without increasing the arterial injury risk. Although further research on smaller kidneys is necessary, these findings offer valuable guidance for biopsy approaches to small kidneys, particularly in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Kidney biopsy is essential for establishing diagnosis and determining treatment strategies; however, there is no consensus on the puncture approach in children who have the additional risk factor of small-sized kidneys. This study compared between biopsy specimens from piglet models of pediatric kidneys to clarify the best puncture approach based on pediatric characteristics. Although the same number of glomeruli were sampled using all approaches, the Caudocranial approach exhibited a significantly higher incidence of arterial injury. In kidney biopsy that considers the characteristics of children with small kidneys, the Craniocaudal or Vertical approaches may improve the safety and quality of biopsy specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of endotracheal versus supraglottic airway epinephrine in a healthy neonatal piglet model.","authors":"Marwa Ramsie, Po-Yin Cheung, Tze-Fun Lee, Megan O'Reilly, Georg M Schmölzer","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03960-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41390-025-03960-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epinephrine is currently the only vasopressor recommended for use during neonatal resuscitation. Epinephrine can be administered via intravenous, intraosseous, or endotracheal tube (ETT) route during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Supraglottic airway (SGA) may be a novel route of epinephrine administration. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 0.1 mg/kg epinephrine administered via ETT, SGA top end, and SGA bottom end.</p><p><strong>Design/methods: </strong>Newborn piglets (n = 5/group) were anesthetized, randomized to SGA or tracheostomy, then surgically instrumented. Piglets randomized to SGA underwent another round of randomization following stabilization to receive epinephrine at the top or bottom of the SGA. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, carotid blood flow, and cardiac function (e.g., stroke volume and ejection fraction) were continuously recorded throughout the experiment. Blood was collected prior to drug administration and throughout the observation period for pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant changes in hemodynamic parameters of HR, carotid blood flow, and cardiac function were only observed following ETT administration of epinephrine, while pharmacokinetic parameters were not different between ETT, SGA top, or SGA bottom.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were no differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between ETT, SGA top, or SGA bottom routes of epinephrine administration in neonatal piglets.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Endotracheal tube (ETT) epinephrine results in significant hemodynamic parameters changes, whereas supraglottic airway (SGA) epinephrine did not produce the same hemodynamic effects, despite similar pharmacokinetic profiles. Systematic comparison of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epinephrine via SGA versus ETT identifying potential limitations of SGA for epinephrine administration. The study raises important questions about the effectiveness of SGA for epinephrine administration during neonatal resuscitation. This research could influence future resuscitation guidelines and drive further studies to explore alternative dosing strategies or methods to improve the efficacy of SGA epinephrine. Further experiments examining SGA epinephrine during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of early nutrition on brain development and neurocognitive outcomes in very preterm infants.","authors":"Nima Naseh, Tânia F Vaz, Hugo Ferreira, Nuno Canto Moreira, Lena Hellström-Westas, Fredrik Ahlsson, Johan Ågren","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-03964-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41390-025-03964-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition of preterm infants may negatively affect brain growth and later neurocognitive function. We aimed to investigate the association between very preterm infants' macronutrient intakes, and brain MRI at term and neurodevelopment at 2 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center, retrospective cohort including extremely (22-27w) and very (28-31w) preterm infants born 2011-2014. The intakes of fluid, protein, carbohydrate, fat, and total calories during days 0-28 together with body weights were assessed in relation to brain MRI (morphology, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging) at term, and cognition (BSID-III) at 2 years, using adjusted multivariable regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two infants were included. A lower (p < 0.001) caloric intake in extremely preterm (n = 26) than in very preterm (n = 46) infants did not translate to any differences in brain volumes. While bivariate correlations (p < 0.01) were found between the enteral intakes of all macronutrients, and white matter volume and apparent diffusion coefficients, none of the correlations remained significant after adjusting for covariates in the multivariable analysis. Similarly, no associations between nutrient intakes and cognitive development remained after covariate adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a cohort of preterm infants receiving macronutrient intakes meeting current recommendations, individual variations in nutrition did not influence brain growth or neurodevelopment.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Early postnatal macronutrient intake was not associated with brain volumes at term or neurocognitive outcomes at 2 years in very preterm infants All infants received nutritional intakes meeting current recommendations Adequate macronutrient intake based on a standardized protocol may eliminate the need for further minor adjustments in the pursuit of supporting brain growth and neurodevelopment in preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}