Pediatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Age-associated outcomes of ERCP in pediatric chronic pancreatitis.","authors":"Yu Zhu, Tianao Zhang, Sheng Ding, Biao Gong, Li Hong, Zhaohui Deng","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05351-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05351-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with significant morbidity and nutritional challenges, yet the impact of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on clinical and nutritional outcomes in children remains incompletely defined. This study aimed to evaluate age associated outcomes following ERCP in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 154 pediatric patients who underwent 360 ERCP procedures between 2019 and 2024 with age-stratified analyses. The primary outcomes included the rate of pre-discharge pain relief, defined as a discharge Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score <4, the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), and changes in body mass index (BMI). Nutritional status was assessed using BMI, weight-for-age Z-scores, and vitamin D levels. Follow-up data were available for 134 patients (87%) at ≥2 years. Secondary outcomes included recurrent pancreatitis within 2 years after ERCP, nutritional evolution, and pancreatic function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High rates of nutritional abnormalities were observed, including vitamin D deficiency (61.2%), undernutrition (18%), and overweight/obesity (5.2% & 5.2%). ERCP technical success was 99.17%. In this chronic pancreatitis-only cohort, PEP occurred after 111 of 360 procedures (30.8%) and was more frequent in preschool-aged than school-aged children (35.13% vs. 27.8%, P = 0.023). School-aged children showed a higher pre-discharge pain relief rate and significant VAS score reduction, whereas preschool-aged children had higher PEP rates and less statistically evident VAS score improvement. BMI showed an increasing trend mainly in school-aged children, with no significant change in preschool-aged children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ERCP appears feasible in pediatric CP, with high technical success and predominantly mild complications. Age was associated with differences in pain relief and PEP risk. Nutritional findings should be interpreted cautiously as a limited longitudinal signal rather than definitive improvement.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Patient age was associated with differences in ERCP-related outcomes in pediatric chronic pancreatitis. School-aged children showed a higher pre-discharge pain relief rate, whereas preschool-aged children showed higher PEP rates and less statistically evident VAS score improvement, suggesting the need for careful age-specific risk assessment. To our knowledge, this is one of the largest age-stratified studies evaluating ERCP-related clinical and nutritional outcomes in pediatric chronic pancreatitis. These findings may support age-specific risk assessment, closer monitoring of younger children, and more individualized nutritional follow-up after ERCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of the 24-hour bilirubin in the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia among Filipino term (≥37 weeks gestational age) infants: a prospective multi-center study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05105-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05105-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common neonatal morbidity. In the Philippines, neonates are at a higher risk for developing significant hyperbilirubinemia (SH) due to belonging to the East Asian race and high incidence of G6PD deficiency. The aim of this study is to determine an effective plasma bilirubin cut-off value at the 24^th hour of life (HOL) in Filipino term infants, associated with the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia at the 72^nd HOL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective multicentric cohort involving 21 medical centers nationwide recruited 2099 mother-infant dyads with 1688 completing the 72^nd HOL follow-up. Using a point-of-care tool (Bilistick 2.0), plasma bilirubin was determined at the 24^th and 72^nd HOL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 24^th-hour bilirubin level (≥ 7.5 mg/dL) can accurately predict the development of SH at the 72^nd HOL. Other significant risk factors include decreased urine and stool frequencies in the first 3 days as well as jaundice noted in the first 24 hours of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For Filipino infants, the 24^th HOL bilirubin level of 7.5 mg/dL is a good cut-off level to predict subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia. Pre-discharge bilirubin screening programs in the Philippines should consider the 24^th HOL bilirubin as well as clinical risk factors to effectively identify at risk neonates.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Significant hyperbilirubinemia is an important public health problem in the Philippines. Total bilirubin determination performed at the 24^th hour of life can adequately predict development of significant hyperbilirubinemia at the 72^nd hour of life. A 24 h bilirubin level of ≥ 7.5 mg/dL can be used as a cut-off value to identify Filipino infants at risk of developing significant hyperbilirubinemia. The Bilistick 2.0 device is a reliable tool to determine total bilirubin among Filipino infants. Establishment of a pre-discharge bilirubin screening program utilizing the 24 h bilirubin level plus risk factors (inadequate breastmilk intake, blood incompatibility, late preterm, bruising) is recommended to identify at risk Filipino infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POCUS-guided nasojejunal tube placement reduces malposition and radiation exposure in neonates: a multicenter real-world retrospective study.","authors":"Xia Ouyang, Wen Ling, Zhongshan Shi, Xianping Liu, Haihong Zhang, Shaoru Huang, Fa Chen, Yanfang Fan, Jiajia Lin, Qiongxia Ou, Yunfeng Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05333-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05333-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Blind nasojejunal tube (NJT) insertion with radiographic confirmation often results in initial malposition and repeated imaging in neonates, raising concerns about procedural delays and cumulative radiation. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) enables real-time, radiation-free guidance, but multicenter neonatal evidence has been limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a multicenter, real-world retrospective cohort study across three tertiary NICUs in China (May 2023-May 2025). Neonates requiring postpyloric feeding were managed with either POCUS-guided insertion with bedside sonographic confirmation or conventional insertion with post-procedural radiography, according to the insertion pathway used in routine clinical practice. The primary outcome was first-pass success (correct jejunal position on the initial attempt). Secondary outcomes included total insertion attempts, technical insertion time, number of radiographs, time to initiation of postpyloric feeding, final placement success by the end of the episode, and procedure- or dwell-related adverse events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty-six neonates were analyzed (POCUS, n = 24; radiography, n = 22) with comparable baseline characteristics. POCUS achieved higher first-pass success (87.5% vs 36.4%; odds ratio [OR] 12.25; 95% CI 2.76-54.32; P &lt; 0.001), fewer insertion attempts (median 1 vs 2; P &lt; 0.001), and shorter technical insertion time (median 7 vs 19 min; P &lt; 0.001). Radiographic exposure was markedly reduced (median films 0 vs 2; P &lt; 0.001), and time to initiation of postpyloric feeding was earlier (median 0.92 vs 5.14 h; P &lt; 0.001). Final jejunal placement success by the end of the episode was 100.0% vs 81.8% (P = 0.045). No insertion-related cardiorespiratory events occurred in either group; dwell-related complications were 0.0% vs 13.6% (P = 0.101). Adjusted analyses were directionally consistent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In this multicenter neonatal cohort, POCUS-guided NJT placement substantially improved first-attempt success and procedural efficiency while minimizing radiographic exposure and expediting postpyloric feeding, without increasing adverse events. These real-world data support POCUS-guided NJT placement as a promising radiation-sparing bedside strategy in trained NICUs and warrant prospective validation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Impact: &lt;/strong&gt;POCUS-guided nasojejunal tube placement improved first-pass success in neonates requiring postpyloric enteral feeding. POCUS guidance reduced insertion attempts, shortened technical insertion time, and expedited initiation of postpyloric feeding. A POCUS-first strategy markedly reduced radiographic exposure compared with conventional radiography-confirmed placement. This multicenter real-world study supports POCUS-guided neonatal enteral access as a promising radiation-sparing bedside strategy in trained NICUs. Prospective studies are warranted to validate this approach and define","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother-to-child HIV exposure and its relation with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Freitas Dantas, Gabriel Arcoverde de Siqueira Lidington Lins, Arthur Gabriel Alves Soares, Laiana Azevedo Quagliato","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05252-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05252-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mother-to-child Exposure to HIV (MCE) is a growing concern. While antiretroviral therapy has reduced vertical transmission rates, the inflammatory response and adverse neurobehavioural outcomes in children are conflicting. Thus, this review aims to synthesise existing evidence between HIV exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in MCE compared to unexposed children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted to screen systematic reviews until July of 2025 were investigated, investigating the relationship between HIV exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders. The PECO framework guided eligibility criteria. PubMed, Cochrane and LILACS were used with search strategies based on terms such as \"Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical\", \"HIV\", \"Child Development Disorders, Pervasive\", and \"Developmental Disabilities\". Data extraction included study characteristics, methodologies, and key findings. Risk of bias was assessed using AMSTAR-2, and Hedge's g was used in meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included four articles focusing on motor, cognitive, and language outcomes. MCE children showed no statistical differences with MCU population. Studies in resource-limited settings reported more cognitive, pronounced deficits in MCE children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MCE children show not statistically significant neurodevelopmental outcomes in our meta-analysis. Heterogeneity in assessment tools and limited data on demographic and socioeconomic profile constrain definitive conclusions. Further research addressing confounders is crucial for developing targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study highlights growing evidence on mother-to-child exposure to HIV may have subtle to no neurodevelopmental differences when compared to their unexposed peers, but data are heterogeneous and conflicting. This underscores the importance of new studies to comprehend and address risk to intervention necessities of Mother-to-child HIV exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the predictive ability for PDA surgery between early serum NT-proBNP level and echocardiographic PLASE score.","authors":"Yusuke Morita, Satoshi Masutani, Kyongsun Pak, Natsumi Banno, Yoshihiko Taniyama, Kaoru Katsumata, Takahiro Noguchi, Yoshinori Inagaki, Tomoko Saito, Tomoyuki Shimokaze, Jun Shibasaki, Seiichi Tomotaki, Tohru Kobayashi, Tetsuya Isayama, Katsuaki Toyoshima","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05339-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41390-026-05339-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although serum NT-proBNP is a useful marker of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) severity in the early postnatal period, its ability to predict the future need for PDA surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the predictive abilities of early NT-proBNP and the PLASE score using an established echocardiographic model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Infants born at 23-29 weeks of gestation between 2019 and 2024 and admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit were included. Serum NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic indices at 3 days of age were retrospectively collected. Three predictive models were evaluated: Model 1, the PLASE score (reference); Model 2, log₁₀(NT-proBNP); and Model 3, log₁₀(NT-proBNP) plus gestational age (weeks).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 126 infants included, 23 (18%) underwent PDA surgery. The ROC-AUCs (95% CI) were 0.829 (0.748-0.910) for Model 1, 0.669 (0.539-0.798) for Model 2, and 0.826 (0.741-0.911) for Model 3. Model 1 yielded higher ROC-AUC than Model 2 (p = 0.02), whereas no significant difference was observed between Model 1 and Model 3 (p = 0.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early postnatal NT-proBNP combined with gestational age showed high predictive ability comparable to the PLASE score. NT-proBNP could be used to estimate the likelihood of future PDA surgery.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measured at 3 days of age, when combined with gestational age, demonstrated high predictive ability for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) surgery (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.826). Early postnatal NT-proBNP yielded results equivalent to those of the PLASE score, an echocardiographic prediction model. This study suggests that early NT-proBNP assessment may complement echocardiographic evaluation in the management of PDA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglial maturation across human and mouse as a reference for interpreting large-animal models of perinatal brain injury.","authors":"Isabelle K Shearer, Adrienne Antonson, Juliette Van Steenwinckel, Pierre Gressens, Mary Tolcos, David Walker, Sarah J Spencer, Rodney Johnson, Bobbi Fleiss","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05355-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05355-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microglia play dynamic roles in the developing brain and are central mediators of injury responses in perinatal brain injury. In mice, microglial gene regulatory and transcriptional programes reveal progression through early, pre-mature and mature stages. In contrast, microglial maturation has not been systematically characterised in the large-brained species most widely used to model human perinatal brain injury, particularly sheep and pigs. These large-animal models are indispensable as they share gyrencephaly, an expanded subplate, and clinically relevant physiology with the human infant brain. Here, we integrate established mouse and human frameworks of microglial maturation with a critical re-analysis of available sheep and pig datasets to assess whether rodent-derived insights into microglial development extend to large-animal models. Current sheep datasets lack sufficient resolution to infer maturation states, whereas pig data, although limited, reveal stage-dependent patterns consistent with late-gestation human development. This review also briefly considers emerging data on microglial development in non-human primates and the extent to which microglial gene expression programes appear conserved across species. Overall, microglial transitions are most dynamic during fetal and early postnatal life, underscoring the importance of developmentally aligned benchmarks for interpreting injury responses and informing microglia-targeted neuroprotective strategies. IMPACT: This article provides the first structured comparison of microglial maturation across human and mouse and uses these frameworks to benchmark large-brain animal models of perinatal brain injury, addressing a key translational gap. It shows that while existing sheep datasets lack sufficient resolution to define microglial maturation states, available pig data align closely with human late-gestation microglial development, supporting their use for developmental benchmarking. The work highlights that failure to account for microglial developmental stage risks misinterpretation of injury responses and underscores the need for developmentally aligned microglial markers in large-animal and non-human primate models to guide microglia-targeted neuroprotective strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing pediatric cardiac auscultation with data-driven murmur detection: toward tele-consultation applications.","authors":"Raffaele Malvermi, Savina Mannarino, Vittoria Garella, Gioele Greco, Giulia Fini, Beatrice Baj, Fabio Antonacci, Valeria Calcaterra, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05349-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05349-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric cardiac tele-auscultation is often limited by poor signal quality due to respiratory sounds, motion artifacts, and environmental noise. Distinguishing pathological from innocent murmurs remains challenging and operator-dependent, often leading to unnecessary referrals. Advanced signal processing and machine learning may improve the reliability of remote auscultation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 135 children underwent cardiac auscultation using a digital stethoscope and echocardiography; 90 patients with confirmed absence or presence of pathological murmur were included. Phonocardiograms were segmented and denoised using permutation-enhanced Non-negative Matrix Factorization. Time-frequency features were extracted and used to train Support Vector Machine classifiers for each auscultation site.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across five sites, specificity ranged from 70.4 to 100.0%, sensitivity from 25.0 to 75.0%, and accuracy from 71.0 to 95.7%. Specificity was ≥88.2% at all sites except the upper right sternal border. Sensitivity reached 75.0% at three sites but was lower at the apex. Combined results yielded specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of 81.8, 66.7, and 77.4%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving signal quality is crucial for reliable automated murmur detection in children. The combination of advanced denoising and machine learning can enhance tele-auscultation, support primary care physicians, and reduce unnecessary referrals.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Advanced denoising combined with data-driven classification improves the reliability of pediatric cardiac tele-auscultation in real-world noisy conditions. The study provides clinical evidence that signal quality enhancement is a critical prerequisite for accurate automated murmur detection in children. A multi-site machine-learning approach using digital stethoscope recordings is feasible in a pediatric population. This approach can support primary care physicians in clinical decision-making and help reduce unnecessary referrals to pediatric cardiology specialists.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal vitamin D status modifies the association between GDM and offspring neurodevelopment: a prospective birth cohort study.","authors":"Wan-Jun Yin, Xue Zhao, Zi-Hao Zhou, Rui-Xue Tao, Hong-Lin Hu, Xiao-Min Jiang, Ying Zhang, Peng Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05296-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05296-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intrauterine hyperglycemia is a risk factor for offspring neurodevelopmental delay. While vitamin D is neuroprotective, its role in improving outcomes for the offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective cohort of 7438 pregnant women, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured at 16-23 weeks. GDM was diagnosed at 24-28 weeks, with simultaneous assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Umbilical cord blood C-peptide concentrations were measured at delivery. Offspring neurodevelopment was screened at 5-7, 11-13, and 24-36 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GDM was associated with a 26% higher risk of neurodevelopmental delay (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.56), along with higher HOMA-IR and cord blood C-peptide. Serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with HOMA-IR and cord blood C-peptide (P for trend < 0.05). In vitamin D-deficient women (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L), HOMA-IR correlated with cord C-peptide (r = 0.48, P < 0.001), and GDM increased risks of neurodevelopmental delay (HR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.70) and hyperinsulinemia (HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.72). These associations were absent in vitamin D-sufficient women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adequate gestational vitamin D may attenuate the intergenerational transmission of glucose metabolism disorders, thereby reducing neurodevelopmental delay risk in GDM offspring. This protective effect requires validation in randomized trials.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study demonstrates that adequate maternal vitamin D status may protect against gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-associated neurodevelopmental delays in offspring, identifying a potentially modifiable prenatal factor. It proposes a novel mechanistic pathway, suggesting vitamin D may attenuate the intergenerational transmission of maternal glucose dysregulation, thereby mitigating fetal hyperinsulinemia and subsequent neurodevelopmental risk. The findings support integrating vitamin D assessment and optimization into prenatal care for women with GDM, offering a nutritional strategy for promoting offspring neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Focus","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05194-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41390-026-05194-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":"99 6","pages":"2071-2071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling for NEC: a dish served right.","authors":"Alain Cuna, Venkatesh Sampath","doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05293-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-05293-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}