Pediatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of meeting screen time guidelines among children.","authors":"Chaochao Wen, Guodong Ding, Angela Vinturache, Yongjun Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04175-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04175-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Impact statement: </strong>The prevalence of US children meeting screen time guidelines remained stable throughout the study period, with children from lower socioeconomic status households being less likely to adhere to these guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Focus","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04063-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41390-025-04063-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"1759-1759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models and clinical calculations: to err is human and machines are not exempt.","authors":"Ryan Kilpatrick, Rachel G Greenberg, Danielle Boyce, Jonathan Davis","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04166-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04166-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in pediatric intensive care: unlocking integrated monitoring for autonomic nervous system dysregulation.","authors":"Brian Simms, Sarah B Kandil","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04158-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04158-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Focus","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04037-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41390-025-04037-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":"97 5","pages":"1411-1411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel mouse model for investigating the long-term impact of reduced nephron numbers on renal function and salt sensitivity.","authors":"Yuka Inage, Kei Matsumoto, Kotaro Haruhara, Daishi Hirano, Kenji Matsui, Yoshitaka Kinoshita, Keita Morimoto, Nagisa Koda, Shutaro Yamamoto, Toshinari Fujimoto, Shohei Fukunaga, Shuichiro Yamanaka, Kimihiko Oishi, Eiji Kobayashi, Takashi Yokoo","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04123-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04123-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nephrogenesis occurs during the fetal period; because nephrogenesis does not occur after birth, preterm infants have low nephron numbers. However, whether a reduction in the number of pure nephrons alone affects renal function in conventional animal models remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether differences in nephron number alone could lead to differences in future renal function by specifically ablating the nephrons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice transgenic for Cre recombinase in the nephron progenitor cells were crossed with the locus of X-over P1-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice. Diphtheria toxin was administered on embryonic day 13.5 to suppress fetal nephrogenesis. Various renal function assessments were performed until the maximum age of 1 year. Some mice received a high-salt diet (HSD).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The mouse model showed a glomerular loss of approximately half per cross-sectional area and no or mild renal damage at 1 year of age. Furthermore, HSD induced the early onset and exacerbation of renal impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The new mouse model used in this study showed HSD-induced early onset and exacerbation of renal damage, suggesting that appropriate salt management can prevent the onset and exacerbation of renal impairment in preterm infants known to have low nephron numbers.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>We established a new method for generating mice with low nephron numbers without affecting growth. The mouse model did not develop kidney disease but could develop mild kidney disease; however, kidney damage is exacerbated by a high-salt diet. Adequate salt management may prevent the future development of renal damage in infants with low nephron counts when born prematurely.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECI biocommentary.","authors":"Alexander Mark Weber","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04167-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04167-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension: a Bayesian meta-analysis.","authors":"Elke van Westering-Kroon, Tamara M Hundscheid, Karen Van Mechelen, František Bartoš, Steven H Abman, Eduardo Villamor","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04145-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04145-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is generally considered to be more frequent in males than in females. We conducted a Bayesian model-averaged (BMA) meta-analysis of studies addressing sex differences in the risk of developing different severities of BPD and BPD-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used BMA to calculate Bayes factors (BFs). The BF₁₀ is the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis (presence of sex differences) over the probability of the data under the null hypothesis (absence of sex differences). BPD was classified as BPD28 (Supplementary oxygen at or during 28 days), BPD36 (moderate-to-severe BPD; oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age), mild, moderate, and severe BPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 222 studies (541,826 infants). The BMA analysis showed evidence in favor of a male disadvantage in BPD28 (BF₁₀ > 10⁵), BPD36 (BF₁₀ > 10²¹), and severe BPD (BF₁₀ = 87.55), but not in mild BPD (BF₁₀ = 0.28), or BPD-PH (BF₁₀ = 0.54). The evidence for a male disadvantage in BPD decreased as the gestational age of the cohort decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We confirmed the presence of a male disadvantage in moderate-to-severe BPD, but not in less severe forms of BPD or in BPD-PH. The male disadvantage in BPD is much less apparent in the more immature infants.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This Bayesian meta-analysis confirms that the risk of developing moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is approximately 20% higher in males than in females. Sex differences in BPD decrease with decreasing gestational age, are heterogeneous across geographic and sociodemographic settings, and have remained persistently stable over time. There is no evidence supporting sex differences in pulmonary hypertension associated with BPD. An important step in the process of individualizing the approach to BPD may be to consider the sex of the infant, as this information can be used to personalize care and potentially improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association analysis between Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and susceptibility to common diseases in children.","authors":"De-Feng Liang, Xue Li, Wen-Lin Guo, Shu-Han Tang, Xiao-Ying Ye, Song Zhang, Li-Ye Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04148-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04148-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the relationship between G6PD deficiency and susceptibility to common pediatric diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on hospitalized children who underwent G6PD screening at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2019 to March 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 36,619 children, 20,662 were male. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in males was significantly higher in conditions such as nephritis (OR 2.43,95%CI 1.45-4.21), allergic purpura (OR 2.24, 95%CI 1.24-4.09), patent ductus arteriosus (OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.32-3.33), atrial septal defect (OR 2.14, 95%CI 1.41-3.45), ventricular septal defect (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.12-2.80), and type 1 diabetes (OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.16-3.66). Among 15,957 female patients, the prevalence of G6PD deficiency was significantly elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.27-2.70), juvenile arthritis (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.16-2.68), nephritis (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.16-2.49), patent ductus arteriosus (OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.00-1.61), atrial septal defect (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.10-1.61), and ventricular septal defect (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.26-1.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>G6PD deficiency may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases, congenital heart defects, and type 1 diabetes in children. Further studies are required to elucidate its role in pediatric disease susceptibility and inform clinical management.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>1. This study found that G6PD deficiency is significantly associated with increased susceptibility to several common pediatric diseases, including autoimmune diseases, congenital heart defects, and type 1 diabetes. Notably, in both male and female patients, G6PD deficiency was significantly linked to specific conditions, such as SLE, juvenile arthritis, and congenital heart disease. 2. Our findings indicate that G6PD deficiency is not merely an enzymatic defect but may also impact the immune and cardiovascular systems. Specifically, an increased incidence of congenital heart disease has been observed in children with G6PD deficiency for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between four neighborhood disadvantage indices and child chronic health classifications.","authors":"Kahir Jawad, Yana B Feygin, Michelle Stevenson, Bethany A Wattles, Jennifer Porter, V Faye Jones, Deborah Winders Davis","doi":"10.1038/s41390-025-04143-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04143-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neighborhood advantage/disadvantage is a social determinant of health. We aimed to examine the distribution and associations between child chronic health conditions and four commonly used indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with outpatient visits and valid addresses (n = 115,738) were included and outcomes were categorized as having no chronic disease (N-CD), non-complex chronic disease (NC-CD), and complex chronic disease (C-CD). Four measures of neighborhood characteristics (Child Opportunity Index, Area Deprivation Index, Neighborhood Disadvantage Index, Social Vulnerability Index were calculated from census data. Separate multinomial logistic regression models were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The indices' scores were correlated (r = 0.80-0.92). Children in low opportunity or high disadvantage/deprivation/vulnerability neighborhoods were more likely to be diagnosed with C-CD than those in high opportunity or low disadvantage/deprivation/vulnerability neighborhoods. The increased odds ranged from 5% to 39%. The adjusted odds of NC-CD were found to increase by 8-31% as the neighborhood opportunity declined or the disadvantage/deprivation/vulnerability increased, across all indices. The association grew stronger as neighborhood opportunity decreased, or disadvantage/deprivation/vulnerability increased for all four indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Each instrument was associated with medical complexity classifications, but the magnitude of the associations differed slightly. The rationale for choosing a measure of neighborhood characteristics should be based on the study's aims and population.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study evaluates the associations of four commonly used neighborhood indices with medical complexity classifications. All indices were associated with study outcomes. The Area Disadvantage Index (ADI) and Child Opportunity Index (COI) demonstrated incremental increases in the odds of receiving a classification of complex chronic disease (C-CD) compared to no chronic disease (N-CD) as neighborhood opportunity decreased or the disadvantage/deprivation/vulnerability increased. Being classified with a non-complex chronic disease (NC-CD) compared to N-CD, only the association with the COI increased incrementally at each level of opportunity. Study outcomes and index characteristics must be considered when designing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19829,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}