Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Mechanisms of Human Q Fever: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology.","authors":"José-Luis Pérez-Arellano, Jose Curbelo, Cristina Carranza-Rodriguez","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060589","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Coxiella burnetii</i> infection has a worldwide distribution, although the incidence and clinical manifestations vary between and within countries. There are the following four basic forms: asymptomatic infection, acute Q fever, chronic Q fever, and post-Q fever fatigue syndrome. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the important aspects of its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. First, we provide a brief update of the taxonomic aspects, basic structures, and genotypes of <i>C. burnetii</i> necessary for the proper interpretation of the following sections. Routes of infection, different stages of pathogenesis (respiratory entry of <i>C. burnetii</i>; penetration into alveolar macrophages, life cycle, and effects; systemic dissemination), and innate, acquired humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in different forms of infection are described in detail. The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of Q fever, such as the main mechanisms of injury, in isolation and in combination, are reviewed. The clinical and biological manifestations of the two main forms of Q fever (acute and chronic) are outlined, with a brief definition and mention of the mechanisms of post-Q fever fatigue syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Outbreak of Aeromoniasis, Caused by <i>Aeromonas veronii,</i> in Farmed European Seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) in the Ionian Sea, Greece.","authors":"Eirini Lampou, Eleni Psychari, Konstantina Louka, Charalampos Kotzamanidis, Andigoni Malousi, Ioannis Petropoulos, Markos N Kolygas, Dimitrios Doukas, Konstantina Bitchava","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060587","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article documents the first outbreak of aeromoniasis caused by <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> in farmed European seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) along the Greek Ionian Sea coast. In late spring 2024, commercially sized fish exhibited anorexia, hemorrhages, and ulcers on the skin, accompanied by elevated morbidity and mortality rates. The outbreak spread rapidly across local farms in Sagiada Bay, reaching its peak in late summer, and extending into the Astakos Gulf, southern in the Ionian Sea. The postmortem examination revealed hemorrhages, organomegaly, abscess formation, and granulomatous inflammation. <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> was isolated from all examined individuals in nutrient media and confirmed by biochemical and molecular methods. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated genetic homogeneity among two strains from two different areas along the Ionian Sea and a close evolutionary relationship with other <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> strains from the Aegean Sea. Although genetically similar, the isolates exhibited differences in phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, indicating regional variability. The present study provides an overview of the pathology, clinical characteristics and progression of aeromoniasis in Ionian Sea aquaculture, highlighting the need for continued monitoring, in-depth genomic and phenotypic assessment, and the design of region-specific preventive strategies, including autogenous vaccines, for effective disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenge of Lyssavirus Infections in Domestic and Other Animals: A Mix of Virological Confusion, Consternation, Chagrin, and Curiosity.","authors":"Charles E Rupprecht, Aniruddha V Belsare, Florence Cliquet, Philip P Mshelbwala, Janine F R Seetahal, Vaughn V Wicker","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lyssaviruses are RNA viruses in the Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus <i>Lyssavirus</i>. They represent the causative agents of acute, progressive encephalitis, known historically as rabies. Regardless of specific etiology, their collective viral morphology, biochemistry, pathobiology, associated clinical signs, diagnosis, epizootiology, and management are essentially the same. Despite centuries of clinical recognition, these quintessential neurotropic agents remain significant pathogens today, with substantive consequences to agriculture, public health, and conservation biology. Notably, the singular morbidity caused by lyssaviruses is incurable and constitutes the highest case fatality of any viral disease. All warm-blooded vertebrates are believed to be susceptible. The dog is the only domestic animal that serves as a reservoir, vector, and victim. In contrast, felids are effective vectors, but not reservoirs. All other rabid domestic species, such as livestock, constitute spillover infections, as a bellwether to local lyssavirus activity. Frequently, professional confusion abounds among the veterinary community, because although the viral species <i>Lyssavirus rabies</i> is inarguably the best-known representative in the Genus, at least 20 other recognized or putative members of this monophyletic group are known. Frequently, this is simply overlooked. Moreover, often the 'taxonomic etiology' (i.e., '<i>Lyssavirus x</i>') is mistakenly referenced in a biopolitcal context, instead of the obvious clinical illness (i.e., 'rabies'). Global consternation persists, if localities believe they are 'disease-free', when documented lyssaviruses circulate or laboratory-based surveillance is inadequate to support such claims. Understandably, professional chagrin develops when individuals mistake the epidemiological terminology of control, prevention, elimination, etc. Management is not simple, given that the only licensed veterinary and human vaccines are against rabies virus, sensu lato. There are no adequate antiviral drugs for any lyssaviruses or cross-reactive biologics developed against more distantly related viral members. While representative taxa among the mammalian Orders Chiroptera, Carnivora, and Primates exemplify the major global reservoirs, which mammalian species are responsible for the perpetuation of other lyssaviruses remains a seemingly academic curiosity. This zoonosis is neglected. Clearly, with such underlying characteristics as a fundamental 'disease of nature', rabies, unlike smallpox and rinderpest, is not a candidate for eradication. With the worldwide zeal to drive human fatalities from canine rabies viruses to zero by the rapidly approaching year 2030, enhanced surveillance and greater introspection of the poorly appreciated burden posed by rabies virus and diverse other lyssaviruses may manifest as an epidemiological luxury to the overall global program of the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Piroplasmids in Wild Mammals, Unconventional Pets, and Ticks from Goiás State, Midwestern Brazil.","authors":"Raphaela Bueno Mendes Bittencourt, Ana Cláudia Calchi, Lucianne Cardoso Neves, Nicolas Jalowitzki de Lima, Gabriel Cândido Dos Santos, Ennya Rafaella Neves Cardoso, Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula, Luciana Batalha de Miranda Araújo, Jessica Rocha Gonçalves, Elisângela de Albuquerque Sobreira, Luiz Alfredo Martins Lopes Baptista, Hermes Ribeiro Luz, Marcos Rogério André, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Felipe da Silva Krawczak","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne piroplasmids are apicomplexan protozoa that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, with significant implications for animal and human health. This study investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of piroplasmids in wild mammals, unconventional pets, and associated ticks in Goiás state, midwestern Brazil. Between April 2023 and January 2024, 105 blood samples, 22 tissue samples, and 300 ticks were collected from 21 mammalian species housed in wildlife screening centers, zoos, and veterinary clinics. Molecular screening targeting the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasmids detected a 25.7% (27/105) overall positivity, with gray brockets (<i>Subulo gouazoubira</i>) and South American tapirs (<i>Tapirus terrestris</i>) showing the highest infection rates. Three tick samples tested positive, including two <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i> nymphs and a male of <i>Amblyomma dubitatum</i> collected from a tapir and capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>)<i>. Cytauxzoon brasiliensis</i> was reported, for the first time, in cougars (<i>Puma concolor</i>) from Goiás state, midwestern Brazil, indicating the role of this feline as a host of this parasite. <i>Babesia goianiaensis</i> was confirmed in a capybara, and <i>Theileria terrestris</i> in tapirs. Phylogenetic analyses clustered gray brockets-associated <i>Theileria</i> sequences with <i>Theileria</i> sp. previously detected in Neotropical deer from Brazil and <i>Theileria cervi</i>. While the phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit III separated <i>Theileria</i> genotypes detected in <i>S. gouazoubira</i> from <i>T. cervi</i>, <i>hsp70</i>-based phylogenetic inferences clustered the genotypes detected in <i>Tapirus terrestris</i> with <i>Theileria terrestris</i>, suggesting host-specific evolutionary lineages. These findings contribute to the understanding of Piroplasmida diversity and circulation in South American wild mammals, emphasizing the need for enhanced molecular surveillance to elucidate transmission dynamics, assess potential health risks, and contribute to the establishment of wildlife conservation and One Health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Intravenous and Inhaled Amikacin Breakpoint Reporting for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Complex Pulmonary Isolates.","authors":"Christian M Gill, Robin Chamberland, Getahun Abate","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) remains a clinical challenge as multidrug regimens are needed and may be limited by treatment-related toxicity. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) endorses breakpoints for several agents used for MAC infection treatment. Amikacin has distinct breakpoints for intravenous (IV) therapy and inhaled therapy using amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) for MAC pulmonary disease. The purpose of the present retrospective cohort study of MAC pulmonary isolates was to assess the number of amikacin non-susceptible isolates by the IV breakpoints that remain susceptible to the inhaled breakpoints. One isolate per patient per year was assessed and susceptibility was described for amikacin IV, amikacin inhaled, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid per the CLSI. Of the 218 isolates, 94% [204/218] tested as susceptible to amikacin per the IV breakpoints compared with 99.5% [217/218] to the inhaled breakpoints. Of the amikacin IV non-susceptible isolates, 93% [13/14] were susceptible by the inhaled breakpoints. For comparison, clarithromycin was the next most active agent followed by moxifloxacin and linezolid with 97% [211/218], 82% [178/218], and 66% [143/218] of isolates testing as susceptible to each, respectively. These data highlight the importance of laboratories to report both the IV and inhaled amikacin interpretive criteria so that clinicians do not disregard potential therapeutic options for the treatment of MAC pulmonary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EmsB Microsatellite Analysis of <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> Specimens Isolated from Belgian Patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis and from Animal Hosts.","authors":"Sabrina Egrek, Jenny Knapp, Rosalie Sacheli, Khalid El Moussaoui, Philippe Léonard, Eva Larranaga Lapique, Laurence Millon, Sara Engelskirchen, Olivier Detry, Annick Linden, Marie-Pierre Hayette","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060584","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> (<i>E. multilocularis</i>), is a severe parasitic zoonosis that is potentially fatal for humans. The parasite is primarily transmitted by wildlife, with red foxes acting as definitive hosts and rodents as intermediate hosts, while humans can become accidental but dead-end hosts. The aim of this study is to use EmsB typing on <i>E. multilocularis</i> isolates from human AE cases and local animals such as foxes and rodents. In this study, retrospective EmsB typing was performed on 39 samples, including 11 tissue samples from 10 patients, 18 fecal swabs from foxes, and 10 tissue samples from rodents. A dendrogram was created to determine the EmsB profiles present. The results showed that all the rodent samples were associated with the EmsB P1 profile (10/10), while the human and fox samples shared the EmsB profile P1 (5/11 humans and 8/18 foxes), a profile near P4 (2/11 humans and 3 foxes), and a profile near P8 (1/11 humans and 1/18 foxes). The study demonstrates that the same EmsB profiles circulate among humans and animals, confirming that wildlife reservoirs play a key role in transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Microbial Growth, Pathogen Presence, and Histamine Accumulation in Chilled Rainbow Trout and Mackerel Samples Collected from Romanian Markets.","authors":"Vida Silviu, Alexandra Tabaran, Oana Lucia Crişan Reget, Mihaela Niculina Duma, Luciana Cătălina Panait, Sorin Daniel Dan","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate microbial growth, pathogen presence, and histamine production in rainbow trout and mackerel stored on flaked ice over their shelf life. A total of 72 fish samples (rainbow trout and mackerel) were analyzed across four storage intervals (day 1, 3, 9, 12/11) on flaked ice. TVC increased from 2.59 to 5.04 log cfu/g in rainbow trout and from 3.18 to 4.88 log cfu/g in mackerel over the storage period. Significant increases were observed in <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Aeromonas</i>, and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> populations, especially after the ninth day. Microbial identification revealed spoilage-associated bacteria, such as <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>, as well as opportunistic pathogens, including <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, <i>Yersinia</i> spp., and <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>. Histamine levels rose with storage time but remained below toxic thresholds (<200 mg/kg), peaking at 1.56 mg/kg in trout and 1.87 mg/kg in mackerel. A strong positive correlation was found between TVC and histamine levels (Pearson's r = 0.85 for trout, 0.82 for mackerel). Proper hygiene and storage are crucial, and consumption is recommended before day 9 of storage on flaked ice. Hygiene measures remain essential to minimize contamination risks and preserve product safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Serologic Analysis of Antibodies Against African Swine Fever Virus Detected in Domestic Pig Farms in South Korea from 2019 to 2024.","authors":"Seong-Keun Hong, Mugyeom Moon, Ki-Hyun Cho, Hae-Eun Kang, Jong-Soo Lee, Yeon-Hee Kim","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060581","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF) is a crucial socioeconomic setback to South Korea's swine industry. This study aimed to determine seropositivity for ASF virus (ASFV) in pigs that appeared to be infected on farms with reported ASF outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2232 sera from ASF outbreaks (2019-2024) in South Korea were collected. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect ASFV antibodies, and an immunoperoxidase test (IPT) was used as a confirmatory test following the method recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Also, spatial clustering was identified using the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) model to understand ASF hotspots in the wild boar population and assess the spatial relationship between the hotspots and ASF antibody-positive domestic pig farms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibodies were first detected in Hwacheon in 2020, but by 2024, only 1.43% of pigs had detectable antibodies against ASFV. Although this percentage is still low, the number of antibody-positive pigs is gradually increasing. Additionally, 32 positive samples were found from nine pig farms with outbreaks, and these samples were confirmed positive in both the two ELISA tests and the IPT. The highest seropositivity was recorded at the finishing stage of pig production. When compared to the confirmatory IPT, both blocking and competition ELISA demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivities. The statistical association between ASF antibody-positive farms and wild boars were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, yielding a significant <i>p</i>-value of 0.007. This indicates a strong correlation, as eight out of nine ASF-seropositive farms were located within hotspots that were significantly associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide valuable insights into ASFV antibody detection in South Korea and demonstrate a statistical association between farms housing pigs with ASFV antibodies and hotspots of ASFV-infected wild boars. Confirmatory tests, such as the IPT, are needed. These insights will contribute to the improvement of surveillance and biosecurity measures for swine farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the In Vitro Activity of Bedaquiline, Delamanid, and Clofazimine Against <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> Complex and Their Antibiofilm Potential.","authors":"Katarzyna Kania, Katarzyna Wójcik, Alicja Skórkowska, Karolina Klesiewicz","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> complex (MABc) poses a major therapeutic challenge due to its intrinsic multidrug resistance and ability to form biofilms. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of three antimycobacterial agents-bedaquiline, delamanid, and clofazimine-on 20 clinical MABc isolates, including <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i>, <i>massiliense</i>, and <i>bolletii</i>, with a focus on biofilm-forming phenotypes. Biofilm analysis showed that the rough colony morphotypes were mostly weak biofilm formers, while the smooth and mixed morphotypes were predominantly moderate or strong biofilm formers. A statistically significant association was observed between the mixed colony morphology and strong biofilm formation (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Importantly, bedaquiline exhibited potent and consistent activity across all isolates, regardless of the biofilm-forming ability, with MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 1 µg/mL. In contrast, delamanid and clofazimine showed limited efficacy, with MIC values exceeding 16 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively. These findings strongly support the role of bedaquiline as a promising core agent for future combination therapies targeting drug-resistant MABc infections, including biofilm-associated infections. Our results, among the first from Poland, highlight the critical need for incorporating novel agents such as bedaquiline into therapeutic strategies against this difficult-to-treat pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12195664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Lespek Kutumbetov, Ainur Ragatova, Moldir Azanbekova, Balzhan Myrzakhmetova, Nurbek Aldayarov, Kuandyk Zhugunissov, Yergali Abduraimov, Raikhan Nissanova, Asylay Sarzhigitova, Nazerke Kemalova, Arman Issimov","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14060577","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pathogens14060577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the virulence properties and pathogenetic characteristics of the Kazakhstani strain of LSDV (LSDV KZ-Kostanay-2018) in indigenous cattle under controlled conditions. Twelve non-breed cattle were inoculated intradermally and monitored for clinical, pathological, and immunological responses. Clinical signs, including fever, skin nodules, and lymphadenopathy, emerged as early as day 5 post-infection (pi), with peak severity observed between days 11 and 14. Rapid seroconversion was observed, with 100% of animals showing virus-neutralizing antibodies by day 13. Pathological findings revealed extensive necrosis, thrombosis, and edema, with pronounced damage in the spleen, lungs, and lymph nodes. Histological analyses identified widespread destructive changes in the dermis and systemic tissues, consistent with highly aggressive disease progression. Viral genome and replication were confirmed in blood, skin nodules, and lymph nodes, with peak viral loads between days 11 and 14 pi. These results align with findings in Russian cattle infected with the Saratov/2017 strain but demonstrate more rapid symptom onset and severe pathology, suggesting strain-specific virulence. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of LSDV pathogenesis and underscore the importance of regional adaptations in disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12196440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}