Pathogens最新文献_第4页

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: An Emerging Threat in Europe with a Focus on Epidemiology in Spain 克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒：欧洲新出现的威胁，以西班牙的流行病学为重点

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090770

María Eslava, Silvia Carlos, Gabriel Reina

{"title":"Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: An Emerging Threat in Europe with a Focus on Epidemiology in Spain","authors":"María Eslava, Silvia Carlos, Gabriel Reina","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090770","url":null,"abstract":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma and caused by a virus of the Nairoviridae family. In humans, the virus can generate different clinical presentations that can range from asymptomatic to mild illness or produce an hemorrhagic fever with a mortality rate of approximately 30%. The virus pathogenicity and the lack of effective treatment or vaccine for its prevention make it an agent of concern from a public health point of view. The main transmission route is tick bites, so people most exposed to this risk are more likely to become infected. Another risk group are veterinarians and livestock farmers who are in contact with the blood and other fluids of animals that are mostly asymptomatic. Finally, due to its first phase with a non-characteristic symptomatology, there exists a risk of nosocomial infection. It is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and those Asian countries south of the 50th parallel north, the geographical limit of the main vector. Recently, autochthonous cases have been observed in areas of Europe where the virus was not previously present. Human cases have been detected in Greece, Bulgaria, and Spain. Spain is one of the most affected countries, with a total of 17 autochthonous cases detected since 2013. In other countries, such as France, the virus is present in ticks and animals but has not spread to humans. A high-quality epidemiological surveillance system in these countries is essential to avoid the expansion of this virus to new areas and to limit the impact of current cases.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viral Hepatitis: Host Immune Interaction, Pathogenesis and New Therapeutic Strategies 病毒性肝炎：宿主免疫相互作用、发病机制和新治疗策略

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090766

Angela Quirino, Nadia Marascio, Francesco Branda, Alessandra Ciccozzi, Chiara Romano, Chiara Locci, Ilenia Azzena, Noemi Pascale, Grazia Pavia, Giovanni Matera, Marco Casu, Daria Sanna, Marta Giovanetti, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Pierfrancesco Alaimo di Loro, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa, Antonello Maruotti

{"title":"Viral Hepatitis: Host Immune Interaction, Pathogenesis and New Therapeutic Strategies","authors":"Angela Quirino, Nadia Marascio, Francesco Branda, Alessandra Ciccozzi, Chiara Romano, Chiara Locci, Ilenia Azzena, Noemi Pascale, Grazia Pavia, Giovanni Matera, Marco Casu, Daria Sanna, Marta Giovanetti, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Pierfrancesco Alaimo di Loro, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa, Antonello Maruotti","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090766","url":null,"abstract":"Viral hepatitis is a major cause of liver illness worldwide. Despite advances in the understanding of these infections, the pathogenesis of hepatitis remains a complex process driven by intricate interactions between hepatitis viruses and host cells at the molecular level. This paper will examine in detail the dynamics of these host–pathogen interactions, highlighting the key mechanisms that regulate virus entry into the hepatocyte, their replication, evasion of immune responses, and induction of hepatocellular damage. The unique strategies employed by different hepatitis viruses, such as hepatitis B, C, D, and E viruses, to exploit metabolic and cell signaling pathways to their advantage will be discussed. At the same time, the innate and adaptive immune responses put in place by the host to counter viral infection will be analyzed. Special attention will be paid to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that modulate individual susceptibility to different forms of viral hepatitis. In addition, this work will highlight the latest findings on the mechanisms of viral persistence leading to the chronic hepatitis state and the potential implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Fully understanding the complex host–pathogen interactions in viral hepatitis is crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets, developing more effective approaches for treatment, and shedding light on the mechanisms underlying progression to more advanced stages of liver damage.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Susceptibility of Synanthropic Rodents (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) to H5N1 Subtype High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses 兼性啮齿动物（麝、野鼠和响尾蛇）对 H5N1 亚型高致病性禽流感病毒的易感性

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090764

Tatsufumi Usui, Yukiko Uno, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Tsutomu Tanikawa, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi

{"title":"Susceptibility of Synanthropic Rodents (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) to H5N1 Subtype High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses","authors":"Tatsufumi Usui, Yukiko Uno, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Tsutomu Tanikawa, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090764","url":null,"abstract":"Synanthropic wild rodents associated with agricultural operations may represent a risk path for transmission of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) from wild birds to poultry birds. However, their susceptibility to HPAIVs remains unclear. In the present study, house mice (Mus musculus), brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), and black rats (Rattus rattus) were experimentally exposed to H5N1 subtype HPAIVs to evaluate their vulnerability to infection. After intranasal inoculation with HA clade 2.2 and 2.3.2.1 H5N1 subtype HPAIVs, wild rodents did not show any clinical signs and survived for 10- and 12-day observation periods. Viruses were isolated from oral swabs for several days after inoculation, while little or no virus was detected in their feces or rectal swabs. In euthanized animals at 3 days post-inoculation, HPAIVs were primarily detected in respiratory tract tissues such as the nasal turbinates, trachea, and lungs. Serum HI antibodies were detected in HA clade 2.2 HPAIV-inoculated rodents. These results strongly suggest that synanthropic wild rodents are susceptible to infection of avian-origin H5N1 subtype HPAIVs and contribute to the virus ecosystem as replication-competent hosts. Detection of infectious viruses in oral swabs indicates that wild rodents exposed to HPAIVs could contaminate food, water, and the environment in poultry houses and play roles in the introduction and spread of HPAIVs in farms.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune Biomarkers at Birth Predict Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Risk in a Large Birth Cohort 出生时的免疫生物标志物可预测大型出生队列中的下呼吸道感染风险

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090765

Ethan Mondell, Gustavo Nino, Xiumei Hong, Xiaobin Wang, Maria J. Gutierrez

{"title":"Immune Biomarkers at Birth Predict Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Risk in a Large Birth Cohort","authors":"Ethan Mondell, Gustavo Nino, Xiumei Hong, Xiaobin Wang, Maria J. Gutierrez","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090765","url":null,"abstract":"Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide and affect long-term respiratory health. Identifying immunological determinants of LRTI susceptibility may help stratify disease risk and identify therapies. This study aimed to identify neonatal immunological factors predicting LRTI risk in infancy. Cord blood plasma from 191 neonates from the Boston Birth Cohort was analyzed for 28 soluble immune factors. LRTI was defined as bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia during the first year of life. Welch’s t-test demonstrated significantly higher log10 transformed concentrations of IL-17 and IFNγ in the LRTI group compared to neonates without LRTI in the first year of life (p < 0.05). Risk associations were determined using multivariate survival models. There were 29 infants with LRTIs. High cord blood levels of IFNγ (aHR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.07–5.17), TNF-β (aHR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.27–6.47), MIP-1α (aHR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.22–6.51), and MIP-1β (aHR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.05–5.20) were associated with a higher risk of LRTIs. RANTES was associated with a lower risk (aHR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.19–0.97). Soluble immune factors linked to antiviral immunity (IFNγ) and cytokines mediating inflammatory responses (TNF-β), and cell homing (MIP-1α/b), at birth were associated with an increased risk of LRTIs during infancy.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral Staphylococcus Species and MRSA Strains in Patients with Orofacial Clefts Undergoing Surgical Rehabilitation Diagnosed by MALDI-TOF MS 通过 MALDI-TOF MS 诊断接受手术康复治疗的口腔裂患者的口腔葡萄球菌菌种和 MRSA 菌株

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090763

Mateus Cardoso Oliveira, Marcelo Fabiano Gomes Boriollo, Angélica Cristina de Souza, Thaísla Andrielle da Silva, Jeferson Júnior da Silva, Karina Teixeira Magalhães-Guedes, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Wagner Luís de Carvalho Bernardo, José Francisco Höfling, Cristina Paiva de Sousa

{"title":"Oral Staphylococcus Species and MRSA Strains in Patients with Orofacial Clefts Undergoing Surgical Rehabilitation Diagnosed by MALDI-TOF MS","authors":"Mateus Cardoso Oliveira, Marcelo Fabiano Gomes Boriollo, Angélica Cristina de Souza, Thaísla Andrielle da Silva, Jeferson Júnior da Silva, Karina Teixeira Magalhães-Guedes, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Wagner Luís de Carvalho Bernardo, José Francisco Höfling, Cristina Paiva de Sousa","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090763","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the occurrence and dynamics of oral Staphylococcus species in patients with orofacial clefts undergoing surgical rehabilitation treatment. Patients (n = 59) were statistically stratified and analyzed (age, gender, types of orofacial clefts, surgical history, and types of previous surgical rehabilitation). Salivary samples were obtained between hospitalization and the return to the specialized medical center. Microbiological diagnosis was performed by classical methods, and MALDI-TOF MS. MRSA strains (SCCmec type II, III, and IV) were characterized by the Decision Tree method. A total of 33 (55.9%) patients showed oral staphylococcal colonization in one, two, or three sampling steps. A high prevalence has been reported for S. aureus (including HA-, MRSA and CA-MRSA), followed by S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis, S. sciuri, S. haemolyticus, S. lentus, S. arlettae, and S. warneri. The dynamics of oral colonization throughout surgical treatment and medical follow-up may be influenced by (i) imbalances in staphylococcal maintenance, (ii) efficiency of surgical asepsis or break of the aseptic chain, (iii) staphylococcal neocolonization in newly rehabilitated anatomical oral sites, and (iv) total or partial maintenance of staphylococcal species. The highly frequent clinical periodicity in specialized medical and dental centers may contribute to the acquisition of MRSA in these patients.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New BB0108, BB0126, BB0298, BB0323, and BB0689 Chromosomally Encoded Recombinant Proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease 用于莱姆病血清诊断的新型BB0108、BB0126、BB0298、BB0323和BB0689包柔氏菌染色体编码重组蛋白

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090767

Weronika Grąźlewska, Tomasz Chmielewski, Beata Fiecek, Lucyna Holec-Gąsior

{"title":"New BB0108, BB0126, BB0298, BB0323, and BB0689 Chromosomally Encoded Recombinant Proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease","authors":"Weronika Grąźlewska, Tomasz Chmielewski, Beata Fiecek, Lucyna Holec-Gąsior","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090767","url":null,"abstract":"Five chromosomally encoded proteins, BB0108, BB0126, BB0298, BB0323, and BB0689, from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), were obtained in three variants each, representing the most common genospecies found in Europe (Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), and Borrelia garinii). The reactivity of these recombinant proteins with the IgM and IgG antibodies present in human serum was assessed using Western blot (WB) and the ELISA. In IgG-WB, the proteins exhibited varying reactivity, peaking at approximately 40–50% for BB0108 and BB0689. However, none of these proteins were recognized by specific antibodies in the IgM-WB. The sensitivity of IgG-ELISA based on three variants of BB0108 and BB0323 ranged from 71% to 82% and from 62% to 72%, respectively. Conversely, the specificity of both tested proteins was consistently above 82%. Tests utilizing single variants of BB0323 did not yield any diagnostic value in detecting IgM antibodies. However, BB0108 demonstrated recognition by antibodies present in 52% to 63% of the tested sera. These antigens appear advantageous due to the consistent reactivity observed across their variants. This observation suggests that appropriate selection of antigens conserved within B. burgdorferi s.l. could offer a solution to the issue of variable sensitivity encountered in serodiagnostic tests across Europe.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic Analyses of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Involved in Canine Infections: A Comprehensive Genotypic Characterization 涉及犬感染的甲氧西林敏感和甲氧西林耐药假中间葡萄球菌菌株的基因组分析：全面的基因型鉴定

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090760

Maria Eduarda Rocha Jacques da Silva, Gabriela Merker Breyer, Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa, Bertram Brenig, Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo, Marisa Ribeiro de Itapema Cardoso, Franciele Maboni Siqueira

{"title":"Genomic Analyses of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Involved in Canine Infections: A Comprehensive Genotypic Characterization","authors":"Maria Eduarda Rocha Jacques da Silva, Gabriela Merker Breyer, Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa, Bertram Brenig, Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo, Marisa Ribeiro de Itapema Cardoso, Franciele Maboni Siqueira","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090760","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is frequently associated with several bacterial infections in dogs, highlighting a One Health concern due to the zoonotic potential. Given the clinical significance of this pathogen, we performed comprehensive genomic analyses of 28 S. pseudintermedius strains isolated from canine infections throughout whole-genome sequencing using Illumina HiSeq, and compared the genetic features between S. pseudintermedius methicillin-resistant (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) strains. Our analyses determined that MRSP genomes are larger than MSSP strains, with significant changes in antimicrobial resistance genes and virulent markers, suggesting differences in the pathogenicity of MRSP and MSSP strains. In addition, the pangenome analysis of S. pseudintermedius from canine and human origins identified core and accessory genomes with 1847 and 3037 genes, respectively, which indicates that most of the S. pseudintermedius genome is highly variable. Furthermore, phylogenomic analysis clearly separated MRSP from MSSP strains, despite their infection sites, showing phylogenetic differences according to methicillin susceptibility. Altogether our findings underscore the importance of studying the evolutionary dynamics of S. pseudintermedius, which is crucial for the development of effective prevention and control strategies of resistant S. pseudintermedius infections.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathogen Prevalence in Cetaceans Stranded along the Italian Coastline between 2015 and 2020 2015 年至 2020 年期间意大利海岸线搁浅鲸目动物的病原体流行率

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090762

Carla Grattarola, Guido Pietroluongo, Donatella Belluscio, Enrica Berio, Cristina Canonico, Cinzia Centelleghe, Cristiano Cocumelli, Silvia Crotti, Daniele Denurra, Alessandra Di Donato, Gabriella Di Francesco, Giovanni Di Guardo, Fabio Di Nocera, Ludovica Di Renzo, Stefano Gavaudan, Federica Giorda, Giuseppe Lucifora, Leonardo Marino, Federica Marcer, Letizia Marsili, Sergio Migliore, Ilaria Pascucci, Antonio Petrella, Antonio Pintore, Roberto Puleio, Silva Rubini, Giuliana Terracciano, Anna Toffan, Sandro Mazzariol, Cristina Casalone

{"title":"Pathogen Prevalence in Cetaceans Stranded along the Italian Coastline between 2015 and 2020","authors":"Carla Grattarola, Guido Pietroluongo, Donatella Belluscio, Enrica Berio, Cristina Canonico, Cinzia Centelleghe, Cristiano Cocumelli, Silvia Crotti, Daniele Denurra, Alessandra Di Donato, Gabriella Di Francesco, Giovanni Di Guardo, Fabio Di Nocera, Ludovica Di Renzo, Stefano Gavaudan, Federica Giorda, Giuseppe Lucifora, Leonardo Marino, Federica Marcer, Letizia Marsili, Sergio Migliore, Ilaria Pascucci, Antonio Petrella, Antonio Pintore, Roberto Puleio, Silva Rubini, Giuliana Terracciano, Anna Toffan, Sandro Mazzariol, Cristina Casalone","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090762","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of stranded marine mammals represents a strategic method to assess their health, conservation status, and ecological role in the marine ecosystem. Networks worldwide track stranding events for the passive monitoring of mortality patterns, emerging and reemerging pathogens, climate change, and environmental degradation from a One Health perspective. This study summarizes pathogen prevalence data from the Italian Stranding Network (ISN) derived from post-mortem investigations on cetaceans found dead stranded along the Italian coastline between 2015 and 2020. The decomposition of the carcasses and logistics limited the post-mortem examination to 585 individuals, out of 1236 single-stranding reports. The most relevant pathogens identified were Cetacean Morbillivirus, Herpesvirus, Brucella spp., and Toxoplasma gondii, whose roles as environmental stressors are well known, despite their real impact still needing to be investigated in depth. Statistical analysis showed that age and sex seem to be positively related to the presence of pathogens. This study represents the first step in harmonizing post-mortem investigations, which is crucial for evidence-based conservation efforts. Implementing diagnostic and forensic frameworks could offer an indirect insight into the systematic monitoring of diseases to improve the identification of regional and temporal hotspots in which to target specific mitigation, management, and conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Variant of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Associated with Neurologic Signs in Turkey Poults 与火鸡幼崽神经症状有关的禽脑脊髓炎病毒新变种

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090758

Gun Temeeyasen, Tamer Sharafeldin, Saad Gharaibeh, Nader M. Sobhy, Robert E. Porter, Sunil K. Mor

{"title":"A New Variant of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Associated with Neurologic Signs in Turkey Poults","authors":"Gun Temeeyasen, Tamer Sharafeldin, Saad Gharaibeh, Nader M. Sobhy, Robert E. Porter, Sunil K. Mor","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090758","url":null,"abstract":"Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a disease caused by the avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) of the genus Tremovirus in the family Picornaviridae. Recently, cases of turkey poults showing neurological signs were submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratories at South Dakota State University and the University of Minnesota. The affected birds were showing nervous neurological signs such as tremors, inability to stand, torticollis, and wing drop. Clinical signs were observed by 3 weeks of age. Necropsy of birds revealed no significant gross lesions in the internal organs, including the brain. There was no significant bacterial growth in the brains. Microscopic examination of various sections of the brain revealed multifocal lymphocplasmacytic perivascular cuffs in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. The brain samples were processed for detection and whole genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing. Three full-length polyprotein sequences (6405 nt) of AEV were assembled. All three sequences shared 99.9–100% nucleotide and 100% amino acid identities with each other. Only 77.7–78.5% of nucleotide and 90.3–92.5% of amino acid identities with AEV field strains and vaccine sequences were available in GenBank. This indicates that a new divergent variant of AEV is circulating in the field and causing AE outbreaks in the Midwest region.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis for Leishmania spp. Detection in Different Clinical Manifestations of Leishmaniasis in India 评估高分辨率熔融曲线分析法在印度利什曼病不同临床表现中的利什曼原虫检测效果

IF 3.7 3区医学

Pathogens Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090759

Mudsser Azam, Saurabh Singh, Ratan Gupta, Mayank Mayank, Sushruta Kathuria, Shruti Sharma, V. Ramesh, Ruchi Singh

{"title":"Assessment of High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis for Leishmania spp. Detection in Different Clinical Manifestations of Leishmaniasis in India","authors":"Mudsser Azam, Saurabh Singh, Ratan Gupta, Mayank Mayank, Sushruta Kathuria, Shruti Sharma, V. Ramesh, Ruchi Singh","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090759","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate diagnosis and identification of Leishmania species are crucial for the therapeutic selection and effective treatment of leishmaniasis. This study aims to develop and evaluate the use of high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM)-PCR for Leishmania species identification causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL), post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Indian subcontinent. Two multi-copy targets (ITS-1 and 7SL-RNA genes) were selected, and an HRM-PCR assay was established using L. donovani, L. major, and L. tropica standard strain DNA. The assay was applied on 93 clinical samples with confirmed Leishmania infection, including VL (n = 30), PKDL (n = 50), and CL (n = 13) cases. The ITS-1 HRM-PCR assay detected as little as 0.01 pg of template DNA for L. major and up to 0.1 pg for L. donovani and L. tropica. The detection limit for the 7SL-RNA HRM-PCR was 1 pg for L. major and 10 pg for L. donovani and L. tropica. The ITS-1 HRM-PCR identified 68 out of 93 (73.11%) leishmaniasis cases, whereas 7SL-RNA HRM-PCR could only detect 18 out of 93 (19.35%) cases. A significant correlation was observed between the kDNA-based low Ct values and ITS-1 HRM-PCR positivity in the VL (p = 0.007), PKDL (p = 0.0002), and CL (p = 0.03) samples. The ITS-1 HRM-PCR assay could identify Leishmania spp. causing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent, providing rapid and accurate results that can guide clinical management and treatment decisions.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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