Pediatric Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Giant Wilms tumor in a 5-year-old boy.","authors":"Isabel M Pinheiro, Filipa Leite, Ana T Rebelo, Mafalda Moreira","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06825-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06825-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroinflammatory and demyelinating disorders in children: demystifying and updating with a focus on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.","authors":"Jessie Aw-Zoretic","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06800-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06800-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric neuroinflammatory disorders are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions that have evolved rapidly over the past decade and are encountered in both community and specialized pediatric practice. This group can share overlapping features and includes pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), formally defined by international consensus in 2023 [32]. Advances in imaging techniques, international consensus statements, and improved detection of central nervous system (CNS)-specific autoantibodies have enabled prompt, precise diagnosis of these disorders [2]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for early identification, differentiation, and diagnosis, enabling early intervention and focused treatment. This review provides an up-to-date clinico-radiological summary of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), emphasizing MRI protocols and advanced sequences for lesion detection and phenotypic differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ongoing journey of paediatric radiology as a subspecialty.","authors":"Bogdan-Stefan Olteanu, Rutger A J Nievelstein, Eilish Twomey, Claudio Granata","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06801-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06801-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149271614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Impact of age, heart rate, and body surface area on myocardial native T1, T2, and extracellular volume fraction in pediatric patients at 1.5 Tesla cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Lucia Riaza-Martin, Jose-Miguel Escudero-Fernandez, Luis Riera-Soler, Roger Esmel-Vilomara, Hug Cuellar-Calabria, Elida-Josefa Vazquez-Mendez, Ferran Roses-Noguer, Anna Sabate-Rotes","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06813-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06813-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149239051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal shear-wave elastography in the paediatric population: a systematic review.","authors":"Magdalena Domin, Małgorzata Pałac, Paweł Linek","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06816-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06816-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the literature, shear-wave elastography (SWE) is most often described for evaluating the elasticity of internal organs; nevertheless, it has also been increasingly used to assess the musculoskeletal system. In clinical and research settings, changes in the mechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissues can be observed in conditions related to overuse, sports injuries, congenital anomalies, neurological disorders, and other musculoskeletal conditions. SWE enables the assessment of these changes and may facilitate monitoring of disease-related alterations, therapeutic effects, and adaptations associated with physical training. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize all studies using SWE to assess the musculoskeletal system in the paediatric population. A total of 67 studies involving 2,558 children aged 1 day to 18 years were included. SWE was applied to a wide range of musculoskeletal structures and clinical populations, with substantial heterogeneity in study designs, ultrasound systems, measurement protocols, anatomical positioning, and reported outcomes. Twenty two studies assessed the reliability of SWE measurements, with reliability varying according to the examined structure and measurement conditions. Due to the substantial methodological and clinical heterogeneity of the included studies, a quantitative meta-analysis was not performed. Overall, the available evidence demonstrates a broad range of potential applications of SWE in paediatric musculoskeletal assessment, while also highlighting the need for greater methodological standardization and further research to establish robust reference values and clinically applicable protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149239105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sagittal spinopelvic parameters in children and adolescents: a retrospective cross-sectional radiographic study from Turkey.","authors":"Mehmet Ali Dursun, Salih Kaya, Bilal Karabak, Mehmet Kocaslan","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06815-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06815-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sagittal spinal parameters are used to assess upright alignment during growth.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe sagittal spinopelvic parameters and assess their associations with age and sex in children and adolescents in Turkey.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study at a single tertiary orthopedic center included 344 children aged 6-17 years (186 boys, 158 girls) who underwent clinically indicated standing full-spine radiography. Pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, sagittal vertical axis, cervical vertebra (C) 2 tilt, thoracic vertebra (T) 4 tilt, lumbar vertebra (L) 1 tilt, T4 pelvic angle, and L1 pelvic angle were assessed. Age-group comparisons and age- and sex-adjusted linear models were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (standard deviation) pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis were 45.4 (12.3)°, 11.3 (6.9)°, 34.2 (10.4)°, 57.5 (13.8)°, and 46.0 (13.4)°, respectively; sagittal vertical axis was 46.6 (27.6) mm. C2, T4, and L1 tilts were 5.0 (2.9)°, 10.4 (4.6)°, and 9.0 (4.7)°; T4 pelvic angle and L1 pelvic angle were 4.1 (3.1)° and 3.4 (3.1)°. Lumbar lordosis showed the largest adjusted age coefficient (1.81°/year; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.34; adjusted R²=0.121). T4 pelvic angle and L1 pelvic angle did not differ significantly across age groups (P=0.308 and P=0.966).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children and adolescents without radiographic spinal or pelvic deformity, lumbar lordosis had the clearest cross-sectional association with age. No statistically significant age-group differences were detected for T4 pelvic angle or L1 pelvic angle. These data provide clinically relevant standing-radiograph reference data for sagittal spinopelvic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental diagnostic value of ultrasound in children with suspected acute appendicitis.","authors":"Husam Ibrahimoglu, Sarper Sahin","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06812-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06812-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In children with suspected acute appendicitis, ultrasound is widely used as first-line imaging, but the incremental diagnostic value of the initial ultrasound report beyond clinical and laboratory variables remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic contribution of an appendicitis-compatible initial ultrasound report beyond age, Pediatric Appendicitis Score, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and to describe the role of post-ultrasound computed tomography (CT) within an ultrasound-first pathway.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective single-centre cohort included children aged 3-17 years evaluated for suspected acute appendicitis between May 2025 and March 2026. The primary outcome was histopathologically confirmed appendicitis. Logistic regression compared a clinical model including age, Pediatric Appendicitis Score total, and log₂-transformed CRP with an ultrasound-extended model additionally including an appendicitis-compatible initial ultrasound report. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Brier score, likelihood-ratio testing, and DeLong comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 135 children in the ultrasound-first cohort, 81 had histopathologically confirmed appendicitis and 54 formed the comparison group. The clinical model showed moderate apparent discrimination (AUC 0.771; 95% confidence interval 0.689-0.852; Brier 0.188). In 132 children with classifiable ultrasound reports, addition of an appendicitis-compatible initial ultrasound report increased the AUC from 0.772 to 0.912 and reduced the Brier score from 0.187 to 0.113. Post-ultrasound CT was performed in 52/135 children (38.5%); 29 had appendicitis and 23 did not undergo appendectomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A clear appendicitis-compatible initial ultrasound report provided substantial incremental diagnostic information when added to age, Pediatric Appendicitis Score, and CRP, supporting its role as an integrated component of the diagnostic assessment rather than a standalone test.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombosed mycotic aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery mimicking a parapharyngeal abscess in a child: a case report of multimodal imaging diagnosis.","authors":"Lamya Eissa, Esra'a Alyateem, Hassan Magdy Abdelrazek","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06814-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06814-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A parapharyngeal abscess, although relatively rare, is a potentially life-threatening deep neck space infection in the pediatric population that carries a risk of serious complications. Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare vascular complication in children that can lead to catastrophic hemorrhage if misdiagnosed and attempted for surgical incision. We report a 7-year-old malnourished boy presenting with fever, dysphagia, and neck stiffness. Suboptimal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) suggested a left parapharyngeal abscess, and surgical drainage was planned. A dedicated CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, magnetic resonance angiography, and three-dimensional CT angiography identified a completely thrombosed mycotic pseudoaneurysm rather than an abscess. This case demonstrates that complete thrombosis transforms a mycotic pseudoaneurysm into a mass that can easily be mistaken for an abscess without the right imaging modalities and high-quality imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5.0-T magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for the evaluation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.","authors":"Qiong Yao, Guanke Cai, Lei Yang, Jin Shen, Haimei Liu, Li Sun, Kai Lu, Xin Guo, Hao Li, Xihong Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06809-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06809-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive non-invasive method for assessing joint lesions in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but conventional protocols cannot simultaneously depict synovial inflammation and the associated vascular changes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess changes in the \"synovium-vascular axis\" of the hand in children with JIA using 5.0-T MRI and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty children with JIA and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent hand 5.0-T MRI, including contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging and CE-MRA. The maximum synovial thickness, enhancement rate, bone marrow edema score, palmar digital artery diameter ratios, palmar arch integrity, distal microcirculation score, and vascular tortuosity were quantified. Correlations with the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-27 (JADAS-27), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, the JIA group showed higher maximum synovial thickness (5.19±2.35 mm vs. 0.83±0.24 mm, P<0.001), enhancement rate (0.44±0.20 vs. 0.20±0.14, P=0.002), bone marrow edema score (median 7.50 vs. 0, P<0.001), and vascular tortuosity (2.0 vs. 0, P<0.001), but lower common palmar digital artery diameter ratio (0.690 vs. 1.000, P<0.001) and microcirculation score (1.0 vs. 3.0, P<0.001). The bone marrow edema score (r=0.674, P=0.001), maximum synovial thickness (r=0.581, P=0.007), and enhancement rate (r=0.634, P=0.003) correlated positively with JADAS-27, and the bone marrow edema score was independently associated with ln(JADAS-27) (standardized β=0.677, P=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined 5.0-T MRI and CE-MRA revealed a distinct pattern of synovial inflammation, arterial narrowing, and impaired distal microcirculatory perfusion in children with JIA. CE-MRA-derived vascular parameters are candidate exploratory imaging markers requiring validation in larger multicenter cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Beyond overall accuracy: does an artificial intelligence model detect the neonatal pneumothoraces that matter most? Reply to Sanmoto et al.","authors":"Yohei Sanmoto, Qihao Gao, Daisuke Hitaka, Xin Zhu, Kouji Masumoto","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06804-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06804-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}