Pediatric Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of triplanar real-time chest magnetic resonance imaging in preschool children - comparison with dedicated lung magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Michael Zellner, Julia Geiger, Rahel Heule, Selma Sirin, Srdjan Micic, Elias Seidl, Alexander Moeller, Christian J Kellenberger","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06596-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06596-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions with high frame rates can mitigate artefacts caused by physiological motion and bulk patient movement, enabling motion-resolved imaging.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the detection performance of triplanar real-time cine fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA), compared to conventional MRI sequences.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 53 children (median age, 1.9 years; range, 1 day-7.1 years) who underwent clinically indicated 1.5-T chest MRI in sedation between January and December 2024. Findings on triplanar real-time cine FIESTA sequences, acquired in up to 1 min, were compared to the findings obtained by dedicated lung sequences (fast spin echo, zero echo time, perfusion imaging) as reference. Detection of extrapulmonary findings (of the chest wall, diaphragm, pleura, mediastinum), lung parenchymal findings (consolidation, atelectasis, bronchial wall thickening, hyperinflation, cysts), and cardiovascular findings by real-time cine FIESTA are presented with descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Real-time MRI provided diagnostic, motion-artefact-free thoracic images in the sedated but freely breathing patients. Diaphragmatic motion abnormalities were detected in one out of one case (100%), visible only on real-time cine FIESTA and not on the dedicated static sequences. Pleural effusion was present in 16 out of 17 cases (94%), and mediastinal masses were present in five out of five cases (100%). Lung pathologies, including consolidation and atelectasis, were identified in 40 out of 44 cases (91%). However, bronchial wall thickening was missed in all 20 cases (0%). Hyperinflation or air-filled cysts were detected in four out of four cases (100%). Cardiovascular abnormalities were identified in six out of eight cases (75%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Real-time cine FIESTA imaging demonstrated high accuracy in detecting pleural effusion, pulmonary consolidation, cysts, and gross cardiovascular abnormalities in paediatric patients. However, airway pathologies were not identified. Clinical indications for real-time cine chest MRI need to be defined. Feasibility and performance of real-time imaging in unsedated children warrant further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor of the ureter: a unique entity with ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings.","authors":"İhsan Yalcinkaya, Merve Yazol, İsmail Akdulum, Oznur Leman Boyunaga","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06595-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06595-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunoglobulin G4-related (IgG4-R) inflammatory pseudotumor of the ureter is a rare benign lesion that can closely mimic malignancy on imaging. We report a case of a 5-year-8-month-old boy who presented with hematuria. Ultrasound (US) examination demonstrated pelvicalyceal and ureteral dilatation and a ureteral mass lesion measuring 39×18 mm. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intraluminal ureteral mass causing unilateral urinary tract dilatation. This case is unique due to its pediatric ureteral location and misleading clinical presentation. Recognizing the characteristic US and MRI features of ureteral IgG4-R inflammatory pseudotumor, along with careful consideration of intraluminal ureteral lesions in the setting of unexplained urinary tract dilatation, may help avoid delayed diagnosis, chronic obstructive uropathy, and unnecessary radical surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the spectrum: a comprehensive approach to fetal lung abnormalities in ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Pradeep Raj Regmi, Ranjit Kumar Chaudhary, Derek Groskreutz, Elina Gupta, Shruti Kumar, Pankaj Nepal, Adarsh Ghosh, Devendra Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06593-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06593-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital lung abnormalities are commonly encountered in the recent era of multi-modality fetal imaging. Congenital lung abnormalities encompass a diverse range of developmental disorders affecting the lung parenchyma, airways, and vascular structures. The anomalies, such as congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration, and congenital lobar overinflation (CLO), can present with varying degrees of severity, from asymptomatic cases to life-threatening respiratory distress. Ultrasound (US) plays a crucial role in the prenatal detection of these abnormalities, providing real-time imaging and facilitating early diagnosis and management planning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on the other hand, provides detailed morphological insights, particularly for complex cases. Its ability to visualize soft tissue structures and vascular anomalies without ionizing radiation makes it an indispensable tool in fetal and pediatric imaging. The combined use of US and MRI enhances diagnostic accuracy for fetuses with congenital lung abnormalities. These modalities continue to evolve, offering promising advancements in the understanding and management of these conditions. In this review article, we present a spectrum of common and uncommon congenital lung abnormalities, along with their typical imaging findings in US and MRI, and an approach to diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent complexity: a rare combination of polysplenia, cleft palate, retroaortic renal vein, and dorsal pancreatic agenesis.","authors":"Cenk Parlatan, Senay Demir Kekec, Elif Habibe Aktekin","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06580-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06580-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysplenia syndrome is a rare congenital condition within the heterotaxy spectrum, characterized by multiple splenic nodules and abnormal visceral arrangement. Its presentation varies widely and may include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and vascular anomalies. We report an asymptomatic child incidentally diagnosed with polysplenia associated with a cleft palate and a retroaortic right renal vein, an unusual combination not commonly described. Imaging revealed multiple spleens, left-sided interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation, and a retroaortic renal vein without hemodynamic compromise for the first time in literature to our knowledge. This case emphasizes the importance of thorough systemic evaluation in patients with craniofacial anomalies, as early recognition of associated malformations can guide appropriate management and optimize long-term outcomes for affected children worldwide and the importance of radiologic evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound of the elbow: a pictorial review.","authors":"Hamza Alizai, Matthew Hammer, Jennifer Nicholas","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06582-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06582-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elbow is a complex joint consisting of three separate articulations: ulnotrochlear, radiocapitellar, and proximal radioulnar. Collectively, these allow movements including flexion, extension, supination, and pronation. The developing pediatric elbow can be challenging to assess due to the predominance of cartilaginous epiphyseal and apophyseal structures, which are not evident on radiographs. Although MRI provides a comprehensive assessment of elbow anatomy, it can also be technically challenging. In a supine position with the arm to the side, the off-center position of the elbow can lead to decreased image quality due to magnetic field inhomogeneity with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and poor fat suppression. Positions that attempt to bring the elbow to the MR iso-center can be uncomfortable in children suffering from elbow pain, leading to motion artifact. Furthermore, many of the soft tissue pathologies in the elbow are dynamic in nature and are best assessed using dynamic maneuvers. Ultrasound (US) is an ideal imaging modality for both static and dynamic assessment of the pediatric elbow joint and its soft tissue stabilizers. Additionally, comparison with the US of the contralateral elbow can serve as an internal control in the assessment of skeletally immature patients. In this narrative review, we describe the ultrasound technique for evaluating the pediatric elbow, the normal sonographic anatomy, and the common pathologies that may be encountered in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI implementation in pediatric radiology for patient safety: a multisociety statement from the ACR, ESPR, SPR, SLARP, AOSPR, SPIN: Reply to Shelmerdine et al.","authors":"Michael Jackson","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06573-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06573-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in pediatric kidney diffusion tensor imaging: diagnostic and functional applications.","authors":"Daniel Vossough, Suraj Serai","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06575-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06575-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a non-invasive window into kidney microstructure by measuring directional water diffusion. In pediatric populations, where early detection of kidney dysfunction is crucial, DTI shows promise for evaluating structural integrity, diagnosing conditions, and monitoring chronic diseases such as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). This review briefly presents the principles of renal DTI, key acquisition techniques, and important nuances in applying this modality to kidney evaluation. We provide an overview of representative post-acquisition processing pipelines for diffusion tensor generation, tractography, and quantitative analysis. We then summarize current applications of DTI in assessing kidney structure, including its use in select diseases, with focused emphasis on pediatric conditions such as ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), polycystic kidney disease, and pediatric kidney transplantation. Applications for other renal disorders are also reviewed. Finally, we outline current challenges related to standardization and highlight future research directions needed to refine methodology and further establish the clinical utility of renal DTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147458721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hermes.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06576-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06576-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral precalcaneal congenital fibrolipomatous hamartoma.","authors":"Carolina Ávila de Almeida, Clarissa Canella, Elazir Barbosa Mota Di Puglia","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06570-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06570-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadvertent pericardiogram.","authors":"Saagar R Patel, Anthony I Zarka","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06571-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06571-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}