Pediatric Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of fetal endometrial thickness: a key to the prenatal diagnosis of ovarian cysts.","authors":"Minh-Huy Huynh, Laura De Leon Benedetti, Leny Mathew, Mohamed K Mohamed, Edward R Oliver, Suzanne E Debari, Juliana S Gebb, Nahla Khalek, Shelly Soni, Desiree Fiorentino, N Scott Adzick, Beverly G Coleman","doi":"10.1007/s00247-025-06494-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-025-06494-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fetal abdominopelvic cysts are relatively common, but distinguishing ovarian from non-ovarian cysts prenatally remains challenging because morphologic features overlap, and no imaging marker has been validated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate fetal endometrial thickness and cyst volume as imaging markers for the prenatal diagnosis of ovarian cysts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of female fetuses with abdominopelvic cysts diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2010 and December 2024. Two blinded pediatric radiologists independently measured endometrial thickness and cyst volume, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Postnatal confirmation of diagnosis was obtained through imaging, surgical pathology, or clinical follow-up. Statistical analyses included regression models adjusted for gestational age and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 fetuses met inclusion criteria (40 ovarian cysts, 23 non-ovarian cysts) between 21 weeks and 40 weeks of gestation. Fetuses with ovarian cysts underwent ultrasound at later gestational ages than those with non-ovarian cysts (median, 35.0 weeks vs. 27.9 weeks; P<0.001), and MRI showed a similar difference (median, 34.4 weeks vs. 27.9 weeks; P<0.001). Ovarian cysts were associated with significantly greater endometrial thickness on ultrasound (median 3.2 mm vs. 1.3 mm, P<0.001) and MRI (2.2 mm vs. 1.2 mm, P<0.001). Cyst volumes were larger in ovarian cysts (median, 45.4 mL vs. 2.8 mL; P<0.001), although volume was not independently associated with ovarian cyst diagnosis after adjustment for gestational age (P=0.36). Endometrial thickness remained independently associated with ovarian cysts after adjustment for gestational age (ultrasound coefficient, 1.56 [95% CI, 0.84-2.26]; MRI coefficient, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.41-1.21]). ROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance, with an ultrasound threshold of 1.9 mm yielding 100% sensitivity and specificity (AUC, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.00]). In contrast, cyst volume showed only moderate discriminatory ability (AUC, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fetal endometrial thickness is a robust imaging marker for the prenatal diagnosis of ovarian cysts. Incorporating this parameter into routine prenatal imaging may enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide counseling, and improve perinatal management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"784-794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound imaging features of pediatric extralobar pulmonary sequestration with torsion: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Tingting Ding, Wei Yu, Zhihui Li, Yunxing Ti, Xuezhi He, Yinru Chen, Luyao Zhou, Zhou Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06554-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-026-06554-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extralobar pulmonary sequestration can undergo torsion within the pleural cavity, which represents a rare and the most severe complication in childhood. To date, no data have been published on the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in extralobar pulmonary sequestration with torsion.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse the sonographic features of pediatric extralobar pulmonary sequestration with torsion on gray-scale ultrasound (US) and CEUS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted in eight children with clinically and histologically confirmed extralobar pulmonary sequestration with torsion between January 2020 and September 2024. Gray-scale US findings were available for all eight cases, and CEUS features were obtained and reviewed in detail in four of these patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All lesions were solitary, with a right-to-left ratio of 5:3. On gray-scale US, torsional extralobar pulmonary sequestration demonstrated a regular morphology and well-defined margins in all cases. Heterogeneous echotexture was observed in five cases, including cystic structures in two cases and linear branching structures in two cases. On CEUS, absence of enhancement in the early pulmonary arterial phase was identified in all four patients (100%). In the delayed bronchial arterial phase, stem-shaped enhancement confined to the base of the mass was observed in three patients (75%), including one case in which a feeding artery was visualised. Peripheral ring-shaped enhancement during the bronchial arterial phase was present in all four cases (100%). Other associated pulmonary findings included pleural effusion (8/8, 100%) and consolidation (4/8, 50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On gray-scale ultrasound, extralobar pulmonary sequestration with torsion typically appears as a well-defined mass with a regular shape in the lower thoracic cavity. On CEUS, stem-shaped enhancement at the base of the mass during the delayed bronchial arterial phase may represent a useful imaging feature for predicting extralobar pulmonary sequestration with torsion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"803-818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrast enema in Hirschsprung disease: radiological signs and clinical symptoms as predictors in a logistic regression model.","authors":"Paulina Vargova, Beatriz Izquierdo-Hernandez, Cristina Gutierrez-Alonso, Diasol Villa-Viñas, Andrea Santinno-Tenorio, Alvaro Mayordomo-Ruiz, Carolina Corona-Bellostas","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06548-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-026-06548-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrast enema is a key imaging tool in the evaluation of children with suspected Hirschsprung disease, although the diagnostic accuracy of individual radiologic signs remains debated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of specific radiological signs and clinical symptoms in Hirschsprung disease and to develop a simple predictive model based on logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 247 contrast enemas from 237 children evaluated for suspected Hirschsprung disease, including 59 studies from 49 histologically confirmed cases. Radiologic and clinical variables were analysed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of specific signs using standard performance metrics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed and optimised to identify the minimal combination of predictors yielding the best diagnostic performance for Hirschsprung disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with Hirschsprung disease presented with earlier symptom onset and earlier contrast enema evaluation compared with non-Hirschsprung disease patients (both P<0.001). Among radiologic findings, an abnormal rectosigmoid index and a visible transition zone were the strongest predictors of Hirschsprung disease. Clinical features such as abdominal distension, vomiting, and need for rectal irrigations showed significant associations. The final multivariable model demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.87, area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC)=0.85) and was transformed into a simplified clinical score (0-9 points) for practical application.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specific radiological signs, particularly rectosigmoid index and transition zone, retain significant diagnostic value in Hirschsprung disease. When combined with clinical symptoms, they allow development of a simple predictive model that may support clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"843-855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of hindbrain herniation severity grading on MRI scan in fetuses undergoing prenatal open neural tube defect repair.","authors":"Romain Corroenne, Magdalena Sanz Cortes, William Whitehead, Livja Mertiri, Michael Belfort, Thierry A G M Huisman","doi":"10.1007/s00247-025-06499-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-025-06499-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hindbrain herniation is part of Chiari II deformation and serves as an inclusion criterion for prenatal open neural tube defect (ONTD) repair. Its assessment on fetal MRI remains challenging, due to limited spatial resolution, fetal motion and difficulty obtaining a true mid-sagittal plane.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of the Hindbrain herniation severity classification, based on repeated consensus readings by two evaluators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed fetuses who underwent prenatal ONTD repair at a single center (2011-2024), with pre- and 6 week post-operative T2-weighted fetal brain MRI scans. Hindbrain herniation was graded as: 0 = normal; 1 = effacement of the 4th ventricle and/or cisterna magna without Hindbrain herniation; 2 = Hindbrain herniation above the C1 posterior arch; 3 = Hindbrain herniation bellow C1 posterior arch. Two experienced fetal imaging specialists independently assessed all scans, resolved discrepancies by consensus, and repeated the evaluation two months later, blinded to initial grading. Reproducibility was assessed with weighted Cohen's Kappa overall and separately for pre- and post-operative scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>121 fetuses were included. Postoperative MRI was available in 113 (93.4%). Overall reproducibility was excellent (κ = 0.87). Agreement was lower for pre-operative (κ = 0.57) than post-operative (κ = 0.74) scans (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hindbrain herniation grading on fetal MRI shows excellent overall reliability. The moderate agreement in preoperative scans reflects the difficulty of assessing Hindbrain herniation before prenatal repair and highlights the need for more standardized imaging criteria, when accurate assessment is necessary for surgical eligibility and parental counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"777-783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome in a child with an underlying hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: a previously unreported association.","authors":"Rosa A S Couto, Gonçalo B Madureira, Liliana Igreja, Matilde O Pinto, Sónia Figueiroa, José E Alves, Vasco S Abreu","doi":"10.1007/s00247-025-06505-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-025-06505-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a unique case of hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome in a paediatric patient with an underlying hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. We present the clinical, neuroimaging and genetic findings of a 3-year-old girl with a myelin deposition disorder who presented with a prolonged febrile status epilepticus, followed by persistent left hemiplegia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pattern consistent with hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome, with unilateral cytotoxic oedema and increased cerebral blood flow in the right cerebral hemisphere cortex. The girl was treated with corticosteroid therapy and levetiracetam. Follow-up imaging showed cerebral atrophy ipsilateral to the seizure focus. Incomplete myelination pattern remained unchanged. No prior cases associating hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome have been reported. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of hypomyelinating disorders and raises the hypothesis that an underlying white matter vulnerability may predispose to or modify the course of hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome. Recognition of such associations may have implications for prognosis and management, including seizure control strategies and neurorehabilitation. Further reports are needed to determine the role of myelination in the development of epileptic syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"956-961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perforated acute appendicitis due to a single hair.","authors":"GuoXin Song, ChuanPeng Zhang, Peng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06541-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-026-06541-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus constellatus-associated Lemierre syndrome complicated by pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in an 11-year-old girl.","authors":"Lucile Lesage, Pierre-Antoine Barral, Aisling Chew, Assia Tazi, Jean-Yves Gaubert, Aurélie Morand, Diego Urbina","doi":"10.1007/s00247-025-06509-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-025-06509-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of Lemierre syndrome complicated by multiple pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms. A previously healthy 11-year-old girl presented with pansinusitis complicated by internal jugular vein thrombosis consistent with a diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome. She presented an episode of massive hemoptysis secondary to pseudoaneurysm rupture requiring radiologically guided embolization. Blood cultures isolated Streptococcus constellatus. Prolonged antibiotic therapy was administered. The patient was discharged from hospital 1 month later and recovered uneventfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"962-965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative dose in pediatric CT \"frequent flyers\": cohort results and risk review.","authors":"Sjirk J Westra, Andrew E Ferretti, Theodore A Marschall, Xinhua Li, Kai Yang, Bob Liu, Madan M Rehani","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06598-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-026-06598-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Published surveys have documented increasing cumulative radiation doses from the increased use of CT over recent decades, but pediatric data on this are sparse.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine what percentage of pediatric patients receive a high cumulative effective dose (CED) from repeated CT scans in our practice, and to examine the reasons for this.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Our dose monitoring software maintains a record of CED in all patients undergoing CT. Those who received a CED ≥50 mSv and ≥100 mSv were tabulated for further analysis. The highest dose outliers were flagged for analysis of clinical rationales of CT use, calculation of cumulative absorbed dose profiles, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013-2023, we performed CT in 10,199 patients aged 0-19 years, of whom 75% had one, 14% had two, 5% had three, 3% had four, and 3% had five or more CTs. Of our cohort, 97 (0.95%) reached the CED dose threshold of 50 mSv at age 16.0±3.0 (16.9) years [mean±SD (median)], and 20 (0.20%) also reached the 100 mSv threshold at age 16.2±1.8 (16.5) years. The highest CED values occurred in patients with serious and catastrophic conditions, in overweight adolescents, and because of repeated high-dose multiphasic acquisitions and CT-guided interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of our patients (89%) had only 1-2 CT scans. Although only 0.95% and 0.20% of our pediatric patients experienced CEDs more than 50 mSv and 100 mSv (respectively) from repeated CT scans, these groups deserve close attention, as they often continue to accumulate doses throughout childhood and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal and neonatal postmortem magnetic resonance imaging: indications protocols.","authors":"Aurélie D'Hondt, Roxana Popa-Stanila, Willemijn Klein, Owen Arthurs","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06594-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-026-06594-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) after fetal or perinatal death is now being adopted more widely in clinical settings as a non-invasive alternative or complementary approach to conventional autopsy. However, indications and imaging protocols vary significantly between centers and require standardization. Emerging advanced imaging techniques such as ultra-high-field MRI are very promising in smaller fetuses. In this article, we outline the current indications for PMMRI across different clinical scenarios and review consensus PMMRI protocols, together with a preview of future imaging possibilities enabled by 7-T MRI technology. We hope these recommendations will facilitate the standardization and implementation of perinatal PMMRI in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fetal taenia-tela choroidea complex: a radiologic-pathologic correlation from normal anatomy to Dandy-Walker malformation.","authors":"Caroline Rutten, Yael Fisher, Patrick Shannon, Vivek Pai, Pradeep Krishnan, Shiri Shinar, Elka Miller","doi":"10.1007/s00247-026-06592-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-026-06592-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The taenia-tela choroidea-choroid plexus complex has been proposed as an imaging marker to differentiate Dandy-Walker malformation from Blake's pouch cyst on prenatal MRI. However, radiologic-pathologic correlation remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the taenia-tela choroidea-choroid plexus complex in normal and Dandy-Walker malformation fetuses and assess its visibility on routine prenatal MRI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nine fetal autopsy specimens with Dandy-Walker malformation and eight gestational age-matched controls with normal posterior fossa were reviewed for taenia-tela choroidea-choroid plexus complex characteristics and correlated with available MRI. Separately, 100 fetal brain MRIs (gestational age 21-38 weeks) including normal cases and posterior fossa cystic malformations were retrospectively and independently reviewed by two pediatric neuroradiologists. Visibility of the tela choroidea and fourth ventricular choroid plexus was scored as confident, borderline, or not visible. Interobserver agreement was calculated using weighted kappa with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathologic examination demonstrates that in the normal fetal posterior fossa, the choroid plexus lies adjacent to the inferior medullary velum, whereas in Dandy-Walker malformation it is displaced inferolaterally. The tela choroidea in normal controls is thin and composed of a single-meningeal layer that delaminates into two membranes, while in Dandy-Walker malformation, the tela choroidea is thickened, formed by two layers of arachnoid membrane lined by attenuated choroid plexus epithelium. On fetal MRI, the tela choroidea visibility was rated as either confident or borderline confident in 53-72% (53-72/100), with moderate visibility in 28-33% (28-33/100) of cases, with moderate agreement (κ 0.49, 95% CI 0.34-0.62). The choroid plexus was confidently visible in 21-27% (21-27/100) of cases, with fair agreement (κ 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.44).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On histopathologic evaluation, the tela choroidea is outstretched and thickened with inferolateral displacement of the choroid plexus in Dandy-Walker malformation. However, taenia-tela choroidea complex visibility on prenatal MRI is variable, especially in normal cases, which may limit its reliability as a diagnostic marker for posterior fossa cystic malformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}