{"title":"Effects of motor imagery using virtual reality on pain sensitivity and affect in healthy individuals: A prospective randomized crossover study.","authors":"Yuto Niwa, Kazuhiro Shimo, Satoshi Ohga, Takafumi Hattori, Ayaka Dokita, Takako Matsubara","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnae043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exercise induces a hypoalgesic response and improves affect. However, some individuals are unable to exercise for various reasons. Motor imagery, involving kinesthetic and visual imagery without physical movement, activates brain regions associated with these benefits and could be an alternative for those unable to exercise. Virtual reality also enhances motor imagery performance because of its illusion and embodiment. Therefore, we examined the effects of motor imagery combined with virtual reality on pain sensitivity and affect in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized crossover study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Laboratory.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Thirty-six participants (women: 18) were included.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Each participant completed three 10-min experimental sessions, comprising actual exercise, motor imagery only, and motor imagery combined with virtual reality. Hypoalgesic responses and affective improvement were assessed using the pressure-pain threshold and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All interventions significantly increased the pressure-pain threshold at the thigh (P<0.001). Motor imagery combined with virtual reality increased the pressure-pain threshold more than motor imagery alone, but the threshold was similar to that of actual exercise (both P≥0.05). All interventions significantly decreased the negative affect of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (all P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Motor imagery combined with virtual reality exerted hypoalgesic and affective-improvement effects similar to those of actual exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae041
Reza Ehsanian, Jordan A Buttner, W Evan Rivers, Ameet Nagpal, Jaymin Patel, Patricia Zheng, Zachary McCormick, Byron Schneider
{"title":"Normality Analysis of Numeric Rating Scale Scores in Patients with Chronic Axial Spine Pain Before and After Medial Branch Blocks: a Multicenter Study.","authors":"Reza Ehsanian, Jordan A Buttner, W Evan Rivers, Ameet Nagpal, Jaymin Patel, Patricia Zheng, Zachary McCormick, Byron Schneider","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnae041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The statistical analysis typically employed to compare pain both before and after interventions assumes scores are normally distributed. The present study evaluates whether Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), specifically the NRS-11, scores are indeed normally distributed in a clinically-relevant cohort of adults with chronic axial spine pain pre- and post-analgesic intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review from four academic medical centers of prospectively collected data from a uniform pain diary administered to consecutive patients after undergoing medial branch blocks. The pain diary assessed NRS-11 scores immediately pre-injection and at 12 different time points post-injection up to 48 hours. D'Agostino-Pearson tests were used to test normality at all time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred fifty pain diaries were reviewed and despite normally distributed pre-injection NRS-11 scores (K2 = 0.655, p = 0.72), all post-injection NRS-11 data was not normally distributed (K2 = 9.70- 17.62, p = 0.0001-0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the results of parametric analyses of NRS-11 scores are commonly reported in pain research, some properties of NRS-11 do not satisfy the assumptions required for these analyses. The data demonstrate non-normal distributions in post-intervention NRS-11 scores, thereby violating a key requisite for parametric analysis. We urge pain researchers to consider appropriate statistical analysis and reporting for non-normally distributed NRS-11 scores to ensure accurate interpretation and communication of these data. Practicing pain physicians should similarly recognize that parametric post-intervention pain score statistics may not accurately describe the data and should expect manuscripts to utilize measures of normality to justify the selected statistical methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae036
Nikolai Bogduk, John MacVicar
{"title":"Osteoarthritis of Zygapophysial Joints as a Cause of Back Pain and Neck Pain: a Scoping Review","authors":"Nikolai Bogduk, John MacVicar","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnae036","url":null,"abstract":"Background Zygapophysial joints (Z joints) can be a source of back pain and of neck pain, but the cause of pain is not known. Some authors attribute the pain to osteoarthritis but without citing evidence. Objectives The present review was undertaken to determine if there was sufficient evidence of association between spinal pain and osteoarthritis of Z joints to justify osteoarthritis being held to be the cause of pain. The null hypothesis was that osteoarthritis of Z joints does not cause back pain or neck pain. Eligibility Criteria Relevant studies were ones that provided primary data on the association between pain and osteoarthritis of Z joints. These could be population studies, diagnostic studies, or case-control studies. Sources of Evidence The database of PubMed was searched using the terms: lumbar or cervical, zygapophysial or facet, pain, and osteoarthritis or degeneration or degenerative. Charting Methods Data pertinent to the research question were extracted from original articles and tabulated for reporting. Odds ratios for associations were calculated, as were the prevalence rates of osteoarthritis in subjects with pain, and conversely the prevalence rates of pain in subjects with osteoarthritis. Results The searches retrieved 11 population studies, four diagnostic studies, and three cases control studies. No study showed any positive association between osteoarthritis of Z joints and pain. All studies found pain to be independent of the presence or severity of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was as common in subjects with no pain as in subjects with pain. The null hypothesis was not refuted. Conclusion The published evidence does not support the belief that osteoarthritis causes Z joint pain. All the evidence contradicts this belief.","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140831787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae011
Rissa Lane, Laura E Tomedi, Mikiko Takeda, Nancy Hood, Joanna G Katzman
{"title":"Development and validation of an indicator to identify prescriptions as non-opioid pharmacological therapies used for pain management through the use of electronic health record data.","authors":"Rissa Lane, Laura E Tomedi, Mikiko Takeda, Nancy Hood, Joanna G Katzman","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pm/pnae011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae004
Alexander Shustorovich, Jamie Corroon, Mark S Wallace, Michelle Sexton
{"title":"Biphasic effects of cannabis and cannabinoid therapy on pain severity, anxiety, and sleep disturbance: a scoping review.","authors":"Alexander Shustorovich, Jamie Corroon, Mark S Wallace, Michelle Sexton","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pm/pnae004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabinoids are being used by patients to help with chronic pain management and to address the 2 primary chronic pain comorbidities of anxiety and sleep disturbance. It is necessary to understand the biphasic effects of cannabinoids to improve treatment of this symptom triad.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted to identify whether biphasic effects of cannabinoids on pain severity, anxiolysis, and sleep disturbance have been reported. The search included the Embase, Biosis, and Medline databases of clinical literature published between 1970 and 2021. The inclusion criteria were (1) adults more than 18 years of age, (2) data or discussion of dose effects associated with U-shaped or linear dose responses, and (3) measurements of pain and/or anxiety and/or sleep disturbance. Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers (with a third reviewer used as a tiebreaker) and subjected to a thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the database search and study eligibility assessment, 44 publications met the final criteria for review. Eighteen publications that specifically provided information on dose response were included in the final synthesis: 9 related to pain outcomes, 7 measuring anxiety, and 2 reporting sleep effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This scoping review reports on biphasic effects of cannabinoids related to pain, sleep, and anxiety. Dose-response relationships are present, but we found gaps in the current literature with regard to biphasic effects of cannabinoids in humans. There is a lack of prospective research in humans exploring this specific relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae018
Serkan Tulgar, Bahadir Ciftci, Ali Ahiskalioglu, Bora Bilal, Bayram Ufuk Sakul, Melike Girit, Tugce Akin, Madan Narayanan, Haci Ahmet Alici
{"title":"Ultrasound guided quadro-iliac plane block: another novel fascial plane block.","authors":"Serkan Tulgar, Bahadir Ciftci, Ali Ahiskalioglu, Bora Bilal, Bayram Ufuk Sakul, Melike Girit, Tugce Akin, Madan Narayanan, Haci Ahmet Alici","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pm/pnae018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study objective: </strong>We report a novel block technique aimed to provide lumbosacral, abdominal, and hip analgesia: The quadro-iliac plane (QIP) block.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cadaveric examination that evaluates the spread of QIP block.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cadaver laboratory.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>One unembalmed cadaver.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Bilateral ultrasound-guided QIP blocks on cadavers with 40 mL of methylene blue %0.5 each side.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Dye spread in cadaver.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>There was staining in the deep interfascial plane of the erector spinae muscles. Extensive staining of the interfascial plane corresponding to the posterior aspect of the quadratus lumborum muscle (QLM) was observed. There was extensive staining on the anterior surface of the QLM. There was spread of dye traversing along the transversalis fascia and significantly infiltrating retroperitoneal fat tissue. Bilateral staining of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves was observed. On the right, there was minimal staining over the subcostal nerve. There was dye present bilaterally within the deep regions of the transverse processes. The lumbar plexus was stained on both sides.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The local anesthetic applied from a place where the QLM reaches its largest volume and the fascial plane creates a closed gap in the caudal area may exhibit a more rounded and extensive spread.Quadro-iliac plane block, involves the administration of local anesthetic to the posterior aspect of the QLM at its origin from the iliac crest. According to our cadaver study, this technique may be a promising option for alleviating acute and chronic pain in the lumbosacral, lower abdominal, and hip regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140065622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae014
Qian Cece Chen, Andrew Fleming, Adam Lepkowsky, Samer Narouze
{"title":"Virtual reality cybersickness and the headache patient.","authors":"Qian Cece Chen, Andrew Fleming, Adam Lepkowsky, Samer Narouze","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pm/pnae014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae010
Ashin Mehta, Pippa M Simpson, W Hobart Davies, Han Joo Lee, Chasity Brimeyer, Michelle Czarnecki, Brynn LiaBraaten, Gabriella Mauro, Steven J Weisman, Keri R Hainsworth
{"title":"Texting as a method to collect post-discharge data after major pediatric surgery: lessons learned.","authors":"Ashin Mehta, Pippa M Simpson, W Hobart Davies, Han Joo Lee, Chasity Brimeyer, Michelle Czarnecki, Brynn LiaBraaten, Gabriella Mauro, Steven J Weisman, Keri R Hainsworth","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pm/pnae010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae006
Mayumi Oguchi, Michael K Nicholas, Ali Asghari, Duncan Sanders, Paul J Wrigley
{"title":"Psychologically based interventions for adults with chronic neuropathic pain: a scoping review.","authors":"Mayumi Oguchi, Michael K Nicholas, Ali Asghari, Duncan Sanders, Paul J Wrigley","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pm/pnae006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>As psychologically based interventions have been shown to have clinical utility for adults with chronic pain generally, a similar benefit might be expected in the management of chronic neuropathic pain (NeuP). However, to date, this has not been established, with existing systematic reviews on this topic being hampered by the scarcity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review aimed to identify the type of psychologically based interventions studied for adults with chronic NeuP. It also aimed to assess whether there are enough RCTs to justify undertaking an updated systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven databases and 2 clinical trial registries were searched for NeuP and psychologically based interventions from database inception to December 2021, and the search was updated in February 2023. The search was broadened by reviewing the reference list of included studies and contacting field experts. Predetermined study characteristics were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4682 records screened, 33 articles (less than 1%) met the eligibility criteria. Four broad intervention approaches were observed, including cognitive-behavioral approaches (n = 16), mindfulness/meditation (n = 10), trauma-focused therapy (n = 4), and hypnosis (n = 3). Thirteen RCTs were identified, and of these, 9 retained 20 participants in each arm after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cognitive-behavioral therapy was the most common therapeutic approach identified, whereas mindfulness/meditation was the most frequently used technique. Almost half to two-thirds of the studies reported significant improvements in pain, disability, or distress, which suggests that psychologically based interventions are potentially beneficial for adults with chronic NeuP. An updated systematic review seems warranted.</p><p><strong>Study registration: </strong>Open Science Framework (https://osf.io) (December 6, 2021; DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WNSTM).</p>","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain MedicinePub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae007
Ahmet Furkan Çolak, Mahmud Fazıl Aksakal, Kübranur Demirel Sarıkaya, Alpaslan Fatih Kaynar, Berkay Yalçınkaya, Alp Çetin
{"title":"A rare cause of shoulder pain: pigmented villonodular synovitis revealed by magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Ahmet Furkan Çolak, Mahmud Fazıl Aksakal, Kübranur Demirel Sarıkaya, Alpaslan Fatih Kaynar, Berkay Yalçınkaya, Alp Çetin","doi":"10.1093/pm/pnae007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pm/pnae007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19744,"journal":{"name":"Pain Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139712833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}