Ophthalmic Research最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Causal Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and Deficiency with the Risk of Cataract: A Mendelian Randomisation Study.","authors":"Munisa Hashimi, Hasnat A Amin, Alexander C Day, Fotios Drenos","doi":"10.1159/000545332","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous observational studies have suggested an association between vitamin D levels and the risk of cataracts. Whilst this correlation has been well reported, there is a lack of causal evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first conducted an observational study using UK Biobank (UKBB) data to explore the correlation between vitamin D levels and deficiency with incident cataract. To assess causality, we then performed both one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. In the one-sample MR we used genetic risk scores (GRSs) reflecting a genetic predisposition to higher vitamin D levels and vitamin D deficiency, examining its association with incident cataract. In the two-sample MR, publicly available summary statistics for vitamin D levels and deficiency were used to investigate their relationship with cataract. Sensitivity analyses used a UKBB meta-analysis for vitamin D in a two-sample MR and a gene-focused analysis using variants in genes with a known role in vitamin D metabolism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observational analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between both vitamin D levels (OR = 0.998, ln(OR) SE = 3.23 × 10-4, p = 6.72 × 10-14) and deficiency (OR = 1.237, ln(OR) SE = 0.022, p = 9.05 × 10-23) with incident cataract risk. However, there was insufficient evidence to suggest an association between vitamin D supplementation and cataract risk (OR = 0.971, ln(OR) SE = 0.016, p = 0.057). Furthermore, no evidence was found in our one-sample MR analysis to suggest a causal relationship between vitamin D levels (OR = 1.001, ln(OR) SE = 0.002, p = 0.541) or vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.095, ln(OR) SE = 0.145, p = 0.534) and incident cataract. The inverse variance weighted two-sample MR analysis also showed no evidence to suggest a causal association between vitamin D levels (IVW: OR = 1.122, 95% CI: 0.968-1.301, p = 0.125) or deficiency (IVW: OR = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.959-1.015, p = 0.344) and cataract risk, with consistent results observed using a multi-ethnic cataract cohort. Some evidence was observed between vitamin D levels and increasing cataract risk (weighted median OR = 1.076, 95% CI: 1.002-1.156, p = 0.045), however, due to sample overlap between the exposure and outcome, datasets should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Whilst we identified a correlative association between vitamin D levels and cataract, we found no robust evidence to support a causal relationship between vitamin D levels and deficiency with cataract risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"454-465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous Humor Cytokine Levels as Prognostic Factors for Ultrasound Cycloplasty Outcomes in Primary Glaucoma Patients.","authors":"Huanyang Shi, Yao Liu, Yanlin Li, Yingjie Li, Ling Jin, Yuan Liu, Ni Guo, Wei Huang, Zhihong Huang, Huishan Lin, Yue Dong, Nachuan Luo, Yuheng Tan, Xin Ma, Jian Ge, Mingkai Lin, Chengguo Zuo","doi":"10.1159/000546980","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of 40 cytokines in the aqueous humor (AH) and their correlation with ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) outcomes in patients with primary glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AH samples were collected from 38 primary glaucoma patients after the UCP procedure. The cytokines were measured via antibody arrays and evaluated via Cox proportional hazards regression to determine the UCP outcomes. Follow-up visits were performed at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The study subjects were allocated into success and failure groups based on surgical results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly high MCP-1 (p = 0.034) and TGF-β1 levels (p = 0.041) were observed in the failure group. The Cox regression analysis revealed that glaucoma type (HR = 0.249, 95% CI: 0.066-0.943, p = 0.041), high MCP-1 (HR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.000-1.015, p = 0.047) and TGF-β1 levels (HR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.002, p = 0.038) were significant risk factors for surgical failure. The levels of MCP-1 were positively correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 day (r = 0.416, p = 0.010) and 3 months (r = 0.329, p = 0.044) postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In primary glaucoma patients, high postoperative levels of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 were significant risk factors for UCP failure. MCP-1 levels in the AH could be a potential indicator for predicting postoperative IOP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"419-430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotational Stability of Three Toric Intraocular Lens Platforms in Patients Undergoing Repositioning Surgery.","authors":"Honglei Li, Dongle Liu, Jiajun Sun, Jingwen Zhang, Yingli Teng, Jing Gao, Xiaoming Wu","doi":"10.1159/000547762","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluated the rotational stability of three toric intraocular lens (TIOL) platforms in patients undergoing repositioning surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative retrospective study enrolled eyes that underwent cataract surgery and implanted with an AcrySof, AT TORBI/LISA, or TECNIS TIOL. Patients who experienced TIOL misalignment ≥10° postoperatively and underwent repositioning surgery were included. The incidence of repositioning surgery after cataract surgery and the misalignment degree before and after repositioning surgery of the three TIOL platforms were mainly compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2,598 eyes implanted with TIOLs, 56 eyes (2.156%) underwent repositioning. The repositioning rates for the AcrySof, AT TORBI/LISA, and TECNIS platforms were 0.848% (10/1,179), 2.935% (28/954), and 3.871% (18/465), respectively, showing significant differences (p < 0.001). Misalignment degrees before repositioning surgery for the AcrySof, AT TORBI/LISA, and TECNIS TIOLs were 27.90 ± 15.74°, 60.79 ± 18.79°, and 31.61 ± 20.84°, respectively (p < 0.001). AT TORBI/LISA platform had a significantly greater misalignment degree compared to AcrySof (difference: 32.89°, p < 0.001) and TECNIS platforms (difference: 29.18°, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between AcrySof and TECNIS (difference: 3.71°, p = 0.629). After repositioning, the AT TORBI/LISA platform showed significantly higher misalignment degrees compared to AcrySof and TECNIS (difference: 6.63°; 5.49°, p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AcrySof TIOLs had a lower incidence of repositioning surgery compared with AT TORBI/LISA and TECNIS, while AT TORBI/LISA TIOLs exhibited a higher degree of axis misalignment both before and after repositioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"466-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes after implantation of a novel binocular complementary extended depth of focus intraocular lens compared to bilateral low near-add multifocal intraocular lenses.","authors":"Hannah Ivellio-Vellin,Manuel Ruiss,Julius Hienert,Stefan Georgiev,Caroline Pilwachs,Andreea Fisus,Oliver Findl","doi":"10.1159/000541308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541308","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONAim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of two diffractive intraocular lenses (IOL): a novel binocular complementary IOL compared to a conventional low near-add multifocal IOL (MIOL).METHODSPatients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly allocated into two groups receiving either binocular complementary optical systems (ARTIS SYMBIOSE Mid and Plus, Cristalens, France) or low near-add MIOL (AT LARA, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany). Patients had visual acuity (VA) assessment at distance, intermediate, and near as well as evaluation of contrast sensitivity, halometry and reading performance.RESULTSIn total, 56 eyes of 28 patients were enrolled. At 6 months, there were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity between the ARTIS SYMBIOSE and the AT LARA. Contrast sensitivity at 1.5 cycles per degree under photopic conditions without glare was 1.54 logCS with the ARTIS SYMBIOSE and 1.43 logCS with the AT LARA (p=0.046), under mesopic conditions with glare at 1.5 and 3 cycles per degree 1.31 logCS and 1.28 logCS with the ARTIS SYMBIOSE, respectively, compared to 0.58 logCS and 0.51 logCS with the AT LARA (p=0.002; p=0.006). Halos and reading performance between both groups were similar.CONCLUSIONThere were no significant differences between both groups in visual acuity at different distances, reading ability or halometry. The contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequencies was better in the ARTIS SYMBIOSE group under photopic conditions with and without glare as well as mesopic conditions with glare.","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Grading of Diabetic Macular Edema Is Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Indices and Imaging Biomarkers.","authors":"Chen Yanxia, Yang Xiongyi, Fu Min, Ke Xiaoyun","doi":"10.1159/000535199","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Objectives of the study were to investigate the correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based grading of diabetic macular edema (DME) and systemic inflammatory indices, imaging biomarkers, and early anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 111 eyes from 111 patients with DME treated with intravitreous anti-VEGF therapy for 3 consecutive months every month were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to a protocol termed \"TCED,\" DME was divided into early, advanced, severe, and atrophic stages. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subretinal fluid (SRF), and the number of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in the whole retinal layers were analyzed at baseline and 3 months after the first injection. Peripheral blood inflammatory indices were calculated, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet (PLT)-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the visual and anatomical results and evaluate HRF and SRF in different stages of DME before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in systemic inflammatory indices among the four groups, including NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and CRP (all p &lt; 0.05). The CRP, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were significantly higher in the atrophic stage compared to the advanced stage (all p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, the CRP, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were significantly lower in the advanced stage compared to the early stage (all p &lt; 0.05). Except for the atrophic stage, BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT) were significantly improved after treatment in early, advanced and severe stages (all p &lt; 0.05), especially in the severe stage. The decline in the proportion of SRF and HRF ≥20 was the most significant in the advanced stage after anti-VEGF treatment (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.016), but not in the early and severe stages (all p &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic inflammatory indices and the decline in the proportion of SRF and HRF ≥20 were closely associated with different stages of DME based on \"TCED.\" Meanwhile, the \"TCED\" grading system can predict visual and anatomical prognosis of DME after anti-VEGF treatment, which may be a biomarker for identifying risk stratification and management of DME.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"96-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Wharton's Jelly Modulate the Intraocular Immune Response in a Glucocorticoid Hypertension Model: An Exploratory Analysis.","authors":"Karine Dos Santos Evangelho, Carlos Cifuentes-González, William Rojas-Carabali, Clemencia De Vivero-Arciniegas, Mariana Cañas-Arboleda, Gustavo Salguero, Carolina Ramírez-Santana, Alejandra de-la-Torre","doi":"10.1159/000538183","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Recent research suggests immunological changes such as cytokine imbalance may affect its pathophysiology. This implies that immunomodulation, like that of mesenchymal cells, could be a potential therapeutic avenue for this disease. However, the effects of intravitreal injections of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) on intraocular immune response have not been assessed in ocular hypertension (OH) models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored this by measuring cytokine levels and expression of other markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and T cells, in 15 randomly divided New Zealand rabbits: G1: OH, G2: hWJ-MSCs, and G3: OH+hWJ-MSCs. We analyzed the aqueous humor (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and vitreous humor (IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β) using ELISA and flow cytometry (cell populations), as well as TCD3+, TCD3+/TCD4+, and TCD3+/TCD8+ lymphocytes, and GFAP in the retina and optic nerve through immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a decrease in TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-8 in G3 compared to G1 and an increase in TGF-β in both G2 and G3. TCD3+ retinal infiltration in all groups was primarily TCD8+ rather than TCD4+ cells, and strong GFAP expression was observed in both the retina and optic nerves in all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that cellular and humoral immune responses may play a role in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and that intravitreal hWJ-MSCs can induce an immunosuppressive environment by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing regulatory cytokines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"232-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Survey of Patient Perspectives on an Artificial Intelligence-Generated Presenter in a Patient Information Video about Face-Down Positioning after Vitreoretinal Surgery.","authors":"Carmelo Zak Macri, Stephen Bacchi, Wilson Wong, Duleepa Baranage, Premala Devi Sivagurunathan, Weng Onn Chan","doi":"10.1159/000541530","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Video education is a commonly used patient education tool. However, the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into video education remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine the acceptability of an AI-generated presenter in a patient information video about face-down positioning after vitreoretinal surgery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We prospectively enrolled participants who were planned for vitreoretinal surgery in which postoperative face-down positioning was recommended at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between December 2022 and September 2023. Participants were preoperatively provided with an educational video presented by an AI-generated presenter, incorporated into a surveyredcap. A pre- and post-video questionnaire was administered electronically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 15 participants included in the study. In the pre-video questionnaire, most participants rated their awareness of special equipment for positioning as \"not aware\" (33%) and \"slightly aware\" (33%). The median pre-video six-item Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Score was 12 (interquartile range 12-15). In the post-video questionnaire, most participants rated the video's quality as \"excellent\" (73%) and would recommend it to others (73%). The majority of participants strongly agreed that they understood the AI presenter (60%), felt at ease with the presenter (60%), and trusted the presenter (60%). Four participants (22%) disagreed with the statement: \"I was aware the presenter was computer generated.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Video-based education may provide information that patients find useful, particularly for physical maneuvers such as face-down positioning. The use of an AI-generated presenter was well-received by the majority of patients. Further research regarding the use of AI to develop educational video content is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"567-572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Spending More Time Outdoors Able to Prevent and Control Myopia in Children and Adolescents? A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Dan Li, Sicheng Min, Xianxiong Li","doi":"10.1159/000539229","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spending more time outdoors was treated as a safe and cost-effective method to prevent and control myopia. While prior research has established an inverse association between outdoor time and the risk of myopia onset, the effect of increasing outdoor time in delaying the progression of myopia remains a subject of debate. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between outdoor time and the myopia onset, and further examine whether there is a dose-response relationship between outdoor time and the risk of myopia onset. Meanwhile, perform whether the outdoor time is related to delaying the progression of myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Database, spanning from their inception to February 2023. Three cohort studies and 5 prospective intervention studies were included, with a total of 12,922 participants aged 6-16 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the highest with the lowest exposure levels of time spent outdoors, the highest outdoor time was strongly associated with a reduced risk of myopia onset (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34, 0.82). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between outdoor time and myopia onset risk. Compared to 3.5 h of outdoor time per week, an increase to 7, 16.3, and 27 h per week corresponded with a respective reduction in the risk of myopia onset by 20%, 53%, and 69%. Among children and adolescents who were not myopic, spending more time outdoors significantly slowed down the speed of change in spherical equivalent refractive (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.10D, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.14) and axial length (WMD = -0.05 mm, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.03). Among children and adolescents who were already myopic, spending more time outdoors did not slow myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, spending more time outdoors can prevent the onset of myopia, but it does not seem to slow its progression. Further studies are needed to better understand these trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"393-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 4-Year Retrospective Study: Clinical Outcomes of XEN45 in Patients with Glaucoma.","authors":"María Pilar Bambó, Álvaro Tello, María José Vicente, Víctor Mallén, Andrés Biescas-Merino, Jacobo Yáñez, Carlos Isanta, Blanca Ferrández, Enrique Fuentemilla, Susana Pérez-Oliván, Noemí Güerri, José Manuel Larrosa, Vicente Polo, Luis Emilio Pablo","doi":"10.1159/000539504","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of XEN45 implant, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, in patients with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective and single center study conducted on consecutive patients who underwent a XEN45 implant, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, between November 2016 and October 2021. The primary endpoint was the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering from preoperative values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 230 screened patients, 206 eyes (176 patients) were included. Fifty-three (25.7%) eyes had undergone XEN alone and 153 (74.3%) eyes had undergone a combined procedure (XEN+phacoemulsification). The mean preoperative IOP was significantly higher in the XEN-alone (22.2 ± 5.9 mm Hg) than in the XEN+Phaco (19.8 ± 4.5 mm Hg) group (p = 0.0035). In the overall study population, the mean preoperative IOP was significantly lowered from 20.5 ± 5.0 mm Hg to 15.8 ± 4.4 at year-4, p &lt; 0.0001. The mean preoperative (95% confidence interval) IOP was significantly lowered from 22.2 (20.6-23.8) mm Hg and 19.8 (19.1-20.6) mm Hg to 15.6 (12.2-16.9) mm Hg and 15.9 (15.2-16.5) mm Hg at year-4 in the XEN-alone and XEN+Phaco groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001 each, respectively). The number of ocular hypotensive medications was significant reduced from 2.6 ± 1.0 drugs to 1.3 ± 1.3 drugs, with no significant differences between XEN-alone and XEN+Phaco groups (p = 0.1671). On the first postoperative day, 62 (30.1%) eyes presented some type of complication. Fifteen (7.3%) eyes underwent a needling procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>XEN45, either alone or in combination with phacoemulsification, significantly lowered the IOP and reduced the need of ocular hypotensive medication in the long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"478-487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Accommodation and Convergence with Axial Length Elongation in Children with Basic Intermittent Exotropia: A 12-Month Observational Study.","authors":"Jing-Xin Li, Jie Hao, Xiang-Xiang Liu, Jie Hong, Hui-Xin Li, Qiong-Yue Zhang, Yi-Yang Zhao, Lei Li, Jing Fu","doi":"10.1159/000540154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the association of parameters related to accommodation and convergence and axial elongation in basic intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients and the potential clinical predictors of axial length (AL) growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 140 basic IXT patients were recruited in this study. The medians of AL growth in different age brackets were chosen to divide the subjects into group A (slower axial elongation group, n = 69) and group B (faster axial elongation group, n = 71). Parameters of dominant and nondominant eyes were compared and analyzed during the 12-month follow-up period. The parameters, including baseline refraction, angle of deviation, Newcastle control score (NCS), accommodative amplitude (AMP), accommodative facility (AMF), accommodative response, positive or negative relative accommodation (PRA/NRA), and near point of convergence (NPC), were analyzed via univariate and multivariate regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects in the faster axial elongation group tended to have more myopic spherical equivalents (t = 3.956, p &lt; 0.001), greater AMPs of dominant eyes (t = -2.238, p = 0.027), and fewer near points of convergence (t = 2.347, p = 0.020) than in the slower axial elongation group. For dominant eyes, logistic and linear regression analysis revealed that more negative spherical equivalents (OR = 0.603, p &lt; 0.001; β = -0.045, p &lt; 0.001), greater AMPs (OR = 1.201, p = 0.027; β = 0.023, p = 0.010), and less near points of convergence (OR = 0.883, p = 0.021; β = -0.012, p = 0.019) were correlated with the faster axial elongation. For nondominant eyes, a more myopic spherical equivalent (OR = 0.682; p = 0.001; β = -0.029, p = 0.005) was the only parameter correlated with faster axial elongation through regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children with basic IXT, faster axial elongation in the dominant eyes was associated with more myopic spherical equivalents, greater AMPs, and lower NPCs. These accommodative parameters can serve as potential clinical indicators for monitoring myopia progression in addition to AL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"488-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}