Optometry and Vision Science最新文献

{"title":"A randomized crossover trial: The impact of ocular lubrication on migraine severity in persons with dry eye disease and migraine.","authors":"Nur Amalina Md Isa, Arun V Krishnan, Alessandro S Zagami, Shyam S Tummanapalli, Katherine Spira, Eric B Papas, Azadeh Tavakoli, Maria Markoulli","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Significant associations in the epidemiologic and clinical features between migraine and dry eye syndrome suggest that both conditions are comorbid. A potentially overlapping pathophysiological mechanism further indicates a connection between the two conditions. This study highlights the clinical implications of treating dry eye disease on migraine.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact on migraine severity of treating dry eye disease in migraine patients using ocular lubricants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, double-masked, crossover trial was conducted on 24 participants with both migraine and dry eye disease. They received either Systane Hydration UD (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) or saline eye drops (NeilMed, Santa Rosa, CA) four times per day for 4 weeks each, with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Migraine severity was assessed using the Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT-6) and Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaires. Dry eye disease was evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 (DEQ-5), tear breakup time, tear osmolarity, and corneal surface integrity. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after using the first and then second drops.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ocular lubrication was significantly associated with reduced migraine severity and dry eye disease. The HIT-6 score was reduced from baseline when using Systane Hydration UD (mean change, ∆ = -3.0, p=0.01) and saline (∆ = -3.9, p=0.002). Dry eye disease symptoms and corneal staining were reduced when using Systane Hydration UD (OSDI ∆ = -8.3, p=0.004; DEQ-5 ∆ = -2.1, p=0.004; corneal staining ∆ = -2.2, p=0.001) and saline (OSDI ∆ = -6.4, p=0.03; DEQ-5 ∆ = -1.5, p=0.03; corneal staining ∆ = -1.5, p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When migraine and dry eye disease coexist, successfully treating dry eye disease reduces the severity of migraine, as measured by HIT-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia in Houston optometry graduates from 2013 to 2023.","authors":"Barsha Lal, Joshua Joseph, Amy Cantrell, Han Cheng, Lisa A Ostrin","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Adult onset and progression of myopia are not well understood. It is of interest to better characterize myopia progression in young adults, who are frequently subjected to risk factors, such as intense near-work demands.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the prevalence and progression of myopia and other refractive errors in optometry students in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective chart review of electronic medical records of students enrolled in the optometry program at the University of Houston College of Optometry who graduated between 2013 and 2023. For each student, refractive error was noted from the medical record for eye examinations during their time as an optometry student. Exclusion criteria were ocular disease, myopia control treatment, or refractive surgery. Prevalences of hyperopia (≥+ 0.50 D), emmetropia (>-0.50 to <+0.50 D), myopia (≤-0.50 D), astigmatism (>0.50 D), and anisometropia (≥1.0 D) were determined from spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of the right eye. Absolute and annualized differences in SER were calculated between visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Records for 1071 students were reviewed, and 961 were included. Prevalences were 80.7% for myopia, 14.9% for emmetropia, and 4.4% for hyperopia. Additionally, 38.4% had astigmatism, and 16.1% had anisometropia. Students with one follow-up exam (n = 639) showed a significant negative change in SER of -0.05 ± 0.38 D over an average follow-up period of 1.60 ± 0.61 years (p=0.001). Myopia onset was observed in 15.7% of emmetropes at baseline. Greater negative SER change was associated with greater follow-up duration and younger age. Hyperopes and emmetropes did not demonstrate significant changes in SER. An annualized negative SER change of ≥-0.25 D was noted in 20% of the 639 students, of which 5.5% showed ≥-0.50 D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings demonstrate a high prevalence of myopia among optometry students. A small but statistically significant myopic change in refraction was observed. These findings may implicate a role of education and near work in myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-learning random forest algorithms predict post-cycloplegic myopic corrections from noncycloplegic clinical data.","authors":"Yansong Hao, Xianjiang Wang, Bin Sun, Jinyu Li, Yuexin Zhang, Shanhao Jiang","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Machine learning random forest algorithms were used to predict objective refractive outcomes after cycloplegic refraction using noncycloplegic clinical data. A classification model predicted post-cycloplegic myopia and could be useful in screening, and a second regression model predicted post-cycloplegic refractive and could provide a useful objective starting point in noncycloplegic subjective refractions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A classification model sought to predict post-cycloplegic myopia using noncycloplegic clinical data to enhance myopia screening accuracy, whereas the regression model looked to predict objective refraction outcomes after cycloplegia for use as a starting point for noncycloplegic subjective refraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study included data from 2483 eyes. Pre-refraction measurements, such as uncorrected visual acuity, axial length, and corneal curvature radius, were recorded. After cycloplegia, the spherical equivalent was measured. Random forest-based classification and regression models were established with input variables including age, gender, axial length, corneal curvature radius, axial length-to-corneal curvature radius ratio, spherical equivalent, and uncorrected visual acuity. Model performance was assessed using various metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The random forest classification model achieved high out-of-bag validation accuracy (92%), cross-validation accuracy (93%), external validation accuracy (94%), and precision (95%). The external validation sensitivity was 93%, and specificity was 95%. The regression model internal validation showed an out-of-bag validation R2 of 0.86, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.66, and mean absolute error of 0.49. The 10-fold cross-validation R2 was 0.87, the RMSE was 0.64, and the mean absolute error was 0.48. In the external validation, R2 was 0.88, the RMSE was 0.63, and the mean absolute error was 0.48.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By analyzing noncycloplegic clinical data, the classification model enables earlier detection of myopia, supporting timely intervention and management. The regression model aims to accurately predict post-cycloplegia myopic corrections, providing reliable initial data for subjective refraction. This could help optometrists perform noncycloplegic subjective refraction more efficiently and is particularly relevant in China, where retinoscopy is not yet fully popularized and many school students decline cycloplegic refraction due to academic pressures and limited free time, primarily because it requires a follow-up the next day.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metric-based image-formation model explains the improvement in subjective refraction using temporal defocus waves.","authors":"Victor Rodriguez-Lopez, Carlos Dorronsoro, Alberto de Castro","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Direct subjective refraction (DSR) is a novel method for refractive error measurements that uses temporal changes in defocus and a flicker minimization task. The computational models developed here are a framework for improving this clinical method.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to model the measurement of refractive error with the DSR method, which uses rapid changes in optical power and a bichromatic (red/blue) stimulus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The polychromatic point spread function of the eye was used to simulate the retinal image projected in DSR method, and an image quality (IQ) metric was defined based on the spatial frequencies of the retinal image. Three tasks were modeled: blur minimization (BM), monochromatic flicker minimization (MFM), and polychromatic flicker minimization or DSR. A metric was defined for each task and studied through focus in a ±3-D range. Whereas BM was modeled using only the IQ of the projected images, MFM and DSR metrics were a function of the IQ of the average retinal image and a metric to quantify the similarity (flicker) in the image. The width of the through-focus peak was used to compare between tasks, and different values of pupil size and spherical aberration were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The through-focus 90% peak width was 0.48, 0.16, and 0.19 D for BM, MFM, and DSR tasks, respectively, which agreed well with previous experimental data. The 90% peak width increased for small pupils and with increasing values of spherical aberration in BM and MFM, but it remained relatively constant in DSR model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed models explained previous experimental findings that reported a higher repeatability of the DSR compared with the traditional refraction method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preschool children with insufficient physiological hyperopia experience accelerated myopic drift.","authors":"Shimeng Bian, Jianing Pu, Wei Chen, Zhen Zhou, Ranran Zhang, Dan Wang, Xuejing Mi, Yanyan Yang, Chuzhi Peng, Huaying Xu, Mingrui Jin, Yonghong Jiao","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>This study reveals that preschool children with insufficient physiological hyperopia experience accelerated myopic drift and axial length elongation. Regular monitoring can serve as an early warning for impending myopia during early childhood, highlighting its critical role in future myopia prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examines the patterns of spherical equivalent and biometric parameters if physiological hyperopia has shown an accelerated tendency to regress by preschool age and whether the early onset of physiological hyperopia regression accelerates myopia onset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This kindergarten-based longitudinal observational study included 1308 children between 3 and 6 years old from kindergartens in Haidian District, Beijing, China. Comprehensive eye examinations were performed on all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two grouping methods were used for all children. The first was based on their baseline age and divided into four groups of 3 to 6 years. The second was based on spherical equivalent, with spherical equivalent >0.75 D designated as the physiological hyperopia group and spherical equivalent ≤+0.75 D designated as the pre-myopia or myopia group. Physiological hyperopia and the proportion of children with physiological hyperopia displayed a declining trend over time in all age groups (p<0.001), with the older the baseline age, the more pronounced the decline (p<0.001), and the rate increased year by year (p<0.001). In contrast, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and axial length/corneal curvature radius displayed an increasing trend (p<0.001), and the rate of increase of axial length and anterior chamber depth accelerated over time (p<0.001). Female children have more physiological hyperopia and a higher proportion of children with physiological hyperopia compared with males (p<0.001) but displayed a more rapid decline (p<0.001). The axial length, anterior chamber depth, and the axial length/curvature radius were found to be elevated in the pre-myopia or myopia group in comparison to the physiological hyperopia group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the magnitude of the rate increase in myopic drift and axial length was found to be greater in the aforementioned group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The regression of physiological hyperopia accelerates in preschool-age children, with older children showing faster regression and lower levels of physiological hyperopia. This premature decline correlates with an increased rate of myopic drift and accelerated biometric growth. Therefore, regular monitoring of physiological hyperopia should begin at preschool age, as the rate of regression serves as a more reliable predictor of future myopia than refraction alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoping review: Intervention for ocular motor disorders in children and adults with mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Angela M Chen, Aaron D Salzano, Allegra P Burgher, Lynn D Greenspan, Tiong Peng Yap, Jacqueline Theis, Su-Hsun Liu, Mitchell Scheiman, Tawna L Roberts","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Intervention strategies for post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) ocular motor disorders vary across disciplines and include watchful waiting, vestibular rehabilitation, vision rehabilitation/vision therapy, and optical intervention. However, evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited, highlighting the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized testing, diagnostic criteria, and reassessment of ocular motor function after intervention.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Ocular motor disorders occur frequently after mTBI.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of interventions for mTBI-related ocular motor disorders in children and adults.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, PEDro, OVID, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and REHABDATA.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Intervention studies published in English between 2003 and 2024 involving mTBI participants who had an ocular motor assessment prior to intervention were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were followed for reporting. Study population, intervention, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized in tabular and graphical formats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-seven eligible studies were included, with only three (4%) judged as low risk of bias. Intervention strategies included watchful waiting (n = 31, 46%), vestibular rehabilitation (n = 13, 19%), vision rehabilitation/vision therapy (n = 10, 15%), optical intervention (n = 4, 6%), and alternative interventions or multifaceted interventions (n = 9, 14%). Among the studies providing statistically supported results, improvements in one or more ocular motor outcome domains were reported in nearly 80% of the studies on watchful waiting (19/24) and 100% of the studies on vestibular rehabilitation (4/4), vision rehabilitation/vision therapy (7/7), or optical intervention (1/1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Although post-mTBI ocular motor deficits improved with watchful waiting strategy, vestibular rehabilitation, vision rehabilitation/vision therapy, and optical interventions, most studies had significant risk of bias. This review emphasizes the necessity for high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized testing protocols and diagnostic criteria and reassessment of ocular motor functions after intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in different age groups and recovery stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a screening tool for reduced vision among inpatients of hospital rehabilitation units.","authors":"Amritha Stalin, Shamrozé Khan, Tammy Labreche, Abhishek Narayan, Lisa W T Christian, Andre Stanberry, Susan J Leat","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>This study developed a practical screening tool to identify reduced habitual vision (RHV) in hospital rehabilitation units. This tool would enhance patient care by enabling timely interventions in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to develop a practical and implementable screening tool to identify patients with RHV in hospital rehabilitation units. Potential vision measures, screening questions, and demographic variables were considered to determine the optimum combination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study recruited 112 adult inpatients (aged 18+ years) from three rehabilitation units in an acute care hospital in Ontario, Canada, between October 2018 and February 2019. Data included an oral questionnaire on demographics, health status, and self-reported vision function, alongside vision assessments (distance visual acuity [VA], contrast sensitivity [CS], visual fields [VFs], and stereopsis). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of RHV, defined by VA >0.3 logMAR, CS <1.40 logCS, or any VF defect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of participants was 74.5 years (±14.3 years), and RHV was present in 48.7%. Significant predictors of RHV included self-reported \"happiness\" with vision with current spectacles and difficulty reading a newspaper. The optimal predictive factors were VA and VF testing (96% sensitivity), but for practical implementation, the combination of three self-reported questions (happiness with vision, difficulty reading a newspaper, and difficulty distinguishing facial expressions) demonstrated 74% sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights that a combination of self-reported questions can effectively identify patients with RHV, providing a feasible alternative to direct vision assessments in resource-limited settings. Implementing this screening tool could improve patient care by enabling timely adaptations and referrals for eye care, ultimately enhancing rehabilitation outcomes and reducing falls risk. Further research is needed to refine the tool's sensitivity and explore its applicability in broader hospital and primary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of tropicamide 1% and cyclopentolate 1% for cycloplegic refraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Jeewanand Bist, Nabin Paudel, Sandeep Kandel, Sanajay Marasini","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cyclopentolate 1% is considered the drug of choice for effective cycloplegic refraction in clinical population, although tropicamide 1% is also reported to have similar effects with better tolerability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacies of tropicamide 1% and cyclopentolate 1% for cycloplegic refraction.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for articles published until March 20, 2024.</p><p><strong>Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: </strong>Randomized controlled trials that compared tropicamide 1% with cyclopentolate 1% in terms of differences in spherical equivalent refractive errors were included. The meta-analysis included only nonstrabismic participants with no restriction to age.</p><p><strong>Study appraisal and synthesis method: </strong>The included studies were appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool-2. The meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 17 full-text reviews from 2555 identified studies, 4 randomized controlled trials were included in quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis included 171 eyes of 171 participants (age range, 4 months to 50 years), in each group, with all types of refractive errors. The results showed no statistically significant differences in mean spherical equivalent refractive error values between the two groups (mean difference, -0.05; standard error, 0.16; p=0.774). There was no heterogeneity observed between the studies (I2 = 0.00%, p=0.93). The outcome did not change when only children were included in the meta-analysis (age range, 4 months to 16 years; mean difference, -0.14; standard error, 0.21; p=0.508). In the risk-of-bias assessment, generally all studies were judged to have low risk of bias, but only one was judged to have low risk of bias across all seven domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tropicamide 1% and cyclopentolate 1% showed similar efficacies for cycloplegic refraction in nonstrabismic children and adults. Considering patient tolerability and drug safety, it may be practical to use tropicamide 1% in routine cycloplegic refractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal astigmatism and risk factors in Tibetan schoolchildren: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study.","authors":"Zhaojun Meng, Yao Yao, Jiawen Liu, Lei Li, Weiwei Chen, Jing Fu","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The study first investigated the prevalence and internal relationship of astigmatism components under cycloplegia in Tibetan children on plateau areas of China. We found a higher prevalence of refractive (RA) and corneal astigmatism (CA) in Lhasa children and certified the compensation of internal astigmatism (IA), which might be associated with myopic progression.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of RA, CA, and IA and evaluate compensation and associated influence factors of IA in Lhasa Tibetan children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a school-based cross-sectional study. Stratified random clustering was used to recruit 1751 Tibetan children with a mean age of 7.90 ± 0.48 years from schools in Lhasa, China. Cycloplegic autorefraction was conducted, and ocular biometrics were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence rates of RA, CA, and IA were 18.73, 72.53, and 40.72%, respectively, with the diagnosis criteria ≥1.00 D. With-the-rule was the main type of RA (70.05%) and CA (91.93%), whereas the against-the-rule was predominant in IA (79.67%). Compared with the reference group (spherical equivalent range, 0.51 to 1.00 D), mean RA and CA increased with more hyperopic and myopic refractions, and mean IA was significantly lower only in myopia and emmetropia groups. Girls had a higher incidence of CA and IA than boys. Internal astigmatism was negatively correlated with CA in the vertical/horizontal vector (J0) and oblique vector (J45). The majority of IA compensated for RA in different degrees (95.25% in J0 and 66.43% in J45) and no compensation accounted for a higher proportion in myopic children (10.47% in J0 and 5.76% in J45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of RA and CA in Tibetan children from Lhasa was higher than reported in most previous studies. The compensation of IA in reducing CA was prominent, and the function could decrease with the myopic progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activity of contact lens care solutions and rub-and-rinse regimen against adenovirus.","authors":"Christiane Lourenco Nogueira, Scott Joseph Boegel, Manish Shukla, William Ngo, Alex Hui, Lyndon W Jones, Marc G Aucoin","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Although human adenoviruses are the leading cause of acute viral conjunctivitis, there is a lack of data surrounding the efficacy of contact lens care products against these viruses.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the antiviral activity of several commercially available contact lens care solutions against human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six contact lens care solutions (Biotrue, Boston Simplus, OPTI-FREE Puremoist, Clear Care, cleadew, and cleadew GP) were investigated. Quantitative suspensions tests were conducted on Ad5 solutions after interaction with the different contact lens care solutions for 4 or 6 hours. For the hydrogen peroxide solution (Clear Care), interaction times of 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours prior to neutralization were also investigated. Finally, the impact of rubbing and rinsing of Ad5 contaminated contact lenses with the solutions was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Solutions based on povidone-iodine demonstrated a more than 3-log reduction in virus after 4 and 6 hours of incubation. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide only demonstrated a 0.52-log reduction after 6 hours of incubation. Increasing the contact time with hydrogen peroxide increased Ad5 inactivation, with a 2.18-log reduction after 6 hours of incubation with the solution prior to neutralization. Nonoxidative systems did not demonstrate a significant log reduction after 4 hours of incubation. However, rubbing and rinsing of contact lenses using the nonoxidative systems reduced the virus counts from contaminated contact lenses to below the limit of quantification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Povidone-iodine solutions have a significant effect on reducing the viability of Ad5. Hydrogen peroxide care solutions are effective only if unneutralized contact time is increased. Nonoxidative systems can be effective in combating contaminated lenses only with the addition of a rub-and-rinse step.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}