Optometry and Vision Science最新文献

{"title":"Parental influences on contact lens uptake among school-aged individuals with myopia in Kenya.","authors":"Gellause Kololi, Emmanuel E Okenwa-Vincent, Tecla Jerotich Sum","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002243","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>With the global rise in myopia among school-aged children, effective management strategies, such as contact lenses (CLs), are essential. In Kenya, where myopia prevalence is increasing, understanding parental influence on CL uptake is critical because of parents' key role in healthcare decisions involving their children. This study addresses this significant gap by exploring the parental factors that either promote or hinder CL uptake among school-aged children in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the parental factors influencing CL uptake among school-aged children with myopia in selected Kenyan eye clinics. This study specifically examined the factors that promote or hinder parents' choice of CLs as a myopia correction method for their children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 85 parents or caregivers of children and teenagers aged 8 to 18 years with significant myopia, defined as a spherical equivalent refraction value of ≤-0.50 D in one or both eyes. Data were gathered using a pre-validated questionnaire distributed at selected eye clinics. The questionnaire assessed parental knowledge, attitudes, and the factors affecting CL uptake. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the key variables, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the influence of parental factors on CL uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 35% of parents approved CL use for their children, with academic performance (odds ratio [OR], 106; p = 0.01) and discomfort with spectacles (OR, 41; p = 0.02) being significant positive influencers. The major barriers identified were concerns about the child being too young (OR, 62; p = 0.03) and not careful enough (OR, 84; p = 0.02) to handle CLs. Other barriers include the perceived high cost of CLs and a lack of professional advice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parental CL uptake decisions are significantly influenced by perceived academic benefits and concerns regarding the child's ability to manage CLs. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions and professional guidance to address parental concerns, improve CL uptake, and enhance myopia management in school-aged Kenyan children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eleven years of orthokeratology contact lens wear for slowing myopia progression in children.","authors":"Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, César Villa-Collar, Ramón Gutiérrez-Ortega, Keiji Sugimoto, Sachiko Nishimura, Steve Newman","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002255","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The myopia control effect of orthokeratology accrues over time, with 11 years of lens wear providing a cumulative absolute reduction in axial elongation of -0.69 mm in comparison with spectacle lens wear. Steeper corneas are likely to benefit from enhanced myopia control efficacy.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare axial length growth between a group of orthokeratology contact lens wearers and a control group of distance single-vision lens wearers over an 11-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>White European subjects 6 to 12 years old with myopia -0.75 to -4.00DS and astigmatism ≤1.00DC were prospectively allocated orthokeratology or distance single-vision spectacle correction for 2 years. Axial length measurements (Zeiss, IOLMaster) were taken at 6-month intervals during the initial 2 years of the study. Subjects were contacted approximately 5 and 9 years later (i.e., 7 and 11 years after the beginning of the study, respectively) and axial length measurements were repeated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one orthokeratology and 30 control subjects were initially recruited, but only 10 orthokeratology and 15 control subjects attended the 11-year visit. In comparison with the control group, the change in axial length for the orthokeratology group was reduced by 0.04, 0.10, 0.14, 0.22, 0.45, and 0.69 mm after 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 7, and 11 years of lens wear, respectively. Significant differences between groups were found in mean unadjusted changes in axial length at the 1-, 1.5-, and 2-year time points (unpaired t -test, p < 0.05), whereas standard contrasts revealed statistical differences between groups in the estimated marginal means of the change in axial length at the 7- and 11-year time points (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eleven years of orthokeratology lens wear provided a substantial slowing in the axial elongation of the eye, with a treatment effect of up to 0.69 mm after 11 years of lens wear in comparison with single-vision lens wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"346-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual performance of single-vision contact lenses utilizing opaque, nonrefractive features for potential myopia management.","authors":"Daniel Tilia, Jennie Diec, Jennifer Sha, Karen Lahav-Yacouel, Klaus Ehrmann, Cathleen Fedtke, Ravi C Bakaraju","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002253","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Contact lenses (CLs) utilizing opaque, nonrefractive features may purposefully modulate retinal ganglion cell activity away from the baseline activity. This is a nonrefractive mechanism that may reduce myopia progression. However, the visual performance of CLs with opaque features is unknown.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare the visual performance and binocular/accommodative function of CLs with opaque features (test) against MiSight (control-1) and single-vision (control-2) CLs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective, randomized, unmasked, cross-over study where 35 myopic CL wearers (18 to 39 years) wore each design for at least 5 days. Visual performance was subjectively assessed using 1 to 10 numeric ratings comprising clarity of vision, lack of ghosting, vision when driving, overall vision satisfaction, and willingness to purchase (yes/no: based on vision and myopia efficacy). Visual acuity measurements comprised monocular and binocular high and low contrast visual acuity at 6 m, and binocular high contrast visual acuity at 70 and 40 cm. Binocular function was assessed using heterophorias at 3 m and 40 cm. Accommodative function was assessed using monocular accommodative facility (MAF) at 40 cm and dynamic monocular accommodative response (AR: 6 m, 70 cm, and 40 cm).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Test was rated higher than control-1 (p<0.001) and control-2 was rated higher than test (p≤0.0052) for all subjective ratings. More participants were willing to purchase test compared with control-1 for vision and myopia efficacy (p<0.001), while there was no difference between test and control-2 for either question (p>0.7). Both controls were better than test for all acuity-based measurements (p≤0.0013). MAF at 40 cm was better with test compared with control-1 (p=0.010) and not different to control-2 (p>0.99). AR was higher with test than both controls at 70 cm (p<0.0001), higher than control-1 at 40 cm (p<0.0001), and not different to control-2 at 40 cm (p=0.12). There were no differences between CLs for AR at 6 m or heterophorias at 3 m or 40 cm (p>0.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with control-1, the test offered better visual performance, a higher proportion of participants willing to purchase, and better MAF. Compared with control-2, the test offered worse visual performance, but the proportion of participants willing to purchase was not different, and accommodative function was comparable.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"335-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case series: Switching myopia management therapies in a real-world academic clinic.","authors":"Erin S Tomiyama, Martin Rickert, Pete Kollbaum, Eric R Ritchey","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002245","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Slowing myopia progression is quickly becoming the clinical standard of care, but little is known about how changing treatment alters treatment effect. This case series provides insight on how changing treatment modality may affect treatment outcomes in myopia management.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Aiming to control myopia progression in children is becoming the clinical standard of care. Little is known about the effect of changing treatment on myopic progression. We present a case series of real-world myopia management patients who underwent a change in treatment method and report the observed effect on axial length.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical records from the University of Houston Myopia Management Service were reviewed to identify children who underwent a change in treatment. The analyzed dataset consisted of 44 clinic assessments from seven children including two who were switched from peripheral defocus soft contact lenses to orthokeratology, two who were switched from orthokeratology to peripheral defocus soft contact lenses, and three who received combination therapy following an initial period of treatment with either orthokeratology, peripheral defocus soft contact lenses, or atropine alone. Axial length measurements were adjusted by subtracting central corneal thickness from the raw axial length value and then converted to an annualized rate (mm/y) by subtracting the previous corneal thickness-adjusted from the current corneal thickness-adjusted axial length and dividing by elapsed time between the successive clinic visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age at initial assessment ranged from 6.6 to 12.6 years (M = 9.3 ± 2.4) with follow-up times ranging between 26 and 78 months (M = 43 ± 18.5). Each individual had a minimum of two clinical visits per treatment type. The mean (SD) for central corneal thickness-annualized adjusted axial length growth in both the eyes and chronological age at the beginning of each treatment type was calculated. Estimated progression rates are summarized separately for each individual and treatment. Data are grouped by patients who switched treatments for either lack of efficacy or other clinical issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a real-world setting, there are various reasons that necessitate a change in treatment. In this sample, change in treatment continued to show slowing of myopia progression, regardless of reason for change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"328-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical review: Potential mechanisms of atropine for myopia control.","authors":"Darryl Horn, Aaron D Salzano, Erin C Jenewein, Katherine K Weise, Frank Schaeffel, Ute Mathis, Safal Khanal","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002249","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Atropine is effective at slowing myopia progression in children, but the mechanism of action by which it controls myopia remains unclear. This article is an evidenced-based review of potential receptor-based mechanisms by which atropine may act to slow the progression of myopia.The rising number of individuals with myopia worldwide and the association between myopia and vision-threatening ocular pathologies have made myopia control treatments one of the fastest growing areas of ophthalmic research. High-concentration atropine (1%) is the most effective treatment for slowing myopia progression to date; low concentrations of atropine (≤0.05%) appear partially effective and are currently being used to slow myopia progression in children. While significant progress has been made in the past few decades in understanding fundamental mechanisms by which atropine may control myopia, the precise characterization of how atropine works for myopia control remains incomplete. It is plausible that atropine slows myopia via its affinity to muscarinic receptors and influence on accommodation, but animal studies suggest that this is likely not the case. Other studies have shown that, in addition to muscarinic receptors, atropine can also bind, or affect the action of, dopamine, alpha-2-adrenergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and cytokine receptors in slowing myopia progression. This review summarizes atropine's effects on different receptor pathways of ocular tissues and discusses how these effects may or may not contribute to slowing myopia progression. Given the relatively broad array of receptor-based mechanisms implicated in atropine control of myopia, a single mode of action of atropine is unlikely; rather atropine may be exerting its myopia control effects directly or indirectly via several mechanisms at multiple levels of ocular tissues, all of which likely trigger the response in the same direction to inhibit eye growth and myopia progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"260-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of providers and unhoused patients on access to eye care in Santa Clara County: A qualitative study.","authors":"Jay Minsu Liu, Michelle Chang, Frank Minjie Liu, Binisha Patel, David Shi-Ann Chang","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Perspectives on eye care barriers differ between low-income patients and vision care providers. Comparing these views provides valuable insight into strategies for addressing disparities in underserved communities, especially in regions with significant income inequality and opportunity gaps.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim is to identify obstacles that prevent individuals who are unhoused, have low income, or are publicly insured in Santa Clara County from accessing basic refractive eye exams and corrective glasses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged ≥18 years with low income presenting to a free vision care clinic in Northern California (n = 15) and vision care providers who primarily work with underserved patients in Santa Clara County, California (n = 11) participated in one-on-one phone interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (87% patients and 82% providers) say that basic vision care (refractive eye exam and eyeglasses) in Santa Clara County is unaffordable and that in-person eye exams can be physically inaccessible (67% patients and 91% providers) due to busy work schedules or limited access to transportation. However, patient and provider perspectives on intrinsic barriers to accessing eye care diverge. In total, 73% of providers stated that limited health literacy contributed to lower utilization of routine vision care, while 47% of patients cited limited empathy from providers as responsible for their negative experiences and dissatisfaction with care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Santa Clara County, patients with low income and their providers both identify similar external barriers to basic vision care: high costs, inadequate insurance coverage, and limited services. However, patients and providers may disagree on intrinsic barriers to accessing care. Suggestions for improving access to vision care include more help from healthcare coordinators, better information about affordable services, improved vision insurance, and mobile healthcare options.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for eyeglasses and prescription updates in students receiving a school-based eye exam.","authors":"Christina M Ambrosino, Megan E Collins, Andrew Nguyen, Nicholas Kourgialis, Michael X Repka, David S Friedman, Xinxing Guo","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>School-based vision programs can improve children's access to vision care in underserved areas. Little is known about the need for eyeglasses among students not wearing them compared with the need for prescription updates. A greater understanding of prescription trends will help identify gaps in care and inform resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aim to describe the baseline eyeglasses-wearing status and the need for new and updated eyeglasses prescriptions for students participating in a large school-based vision program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis examined retrospective data from the 2016-2022 operations of the Helen Keller Intl's United States Vision Program. Included students were pre-kindergarten to grade 12 and had received a school-based eye examination after a failed vision screening. Data extracted included student demographics, self-reported eyeglasses-wearing status, lensometer measurement, refractive error, and eyeglasses prescription. Multivariate logistic regression models were implemented to understand the factors associated with eyeglasses prescription and prescription change, defined as at least 0.50 D spherical equivalent change or 0.75 D cylindrical change between lensometer measurement and final prescription.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 97,069 students included in the analysis, 27.3% of students were self-reported current wearers of eyeglasses, 30.5% were inactive wearers of eyeglasses, and 42.2% were nonwearers. Overall, 72,784 (75%) students were prescribed eyeglasses. Among them, 48,600/72,784 (67%) were not current wearers. On multivariate logistic regression, students were more likely to be prescribed eyeglasses if they were in higher grade levels (grades 11 to 12 compared with grades 1 to 2, odds ratio: 2.39, 95% confidence interval: 2.17 to 2.64) and were current wearers (odds ratio: 8.82, 95% confidence interval: 8.24 to 9.43). Among current wearers, students with at least 6 D myopia and at least 3 D astigmatism had the greatest likelihood of spherical equivalent and cylindrical prescription change, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within a large sample of students enrolled in a school-based vision program, more than half reported having eyeglasses. However, two in three students who needed eyeglasses were not wearing them. The need for eyeglasses was notable across all age groups, especially among higher grade levels and those with more severe refractive error. Most students who failed a vision screening while wearing eyeglasses needed an eyeglasses prescription update.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Australian primary eyecare management of choroidal nevus patients.","authors":"R Max Conway, Thi Minh Thi Trang, Erin J Tang, Kirsten L Challinor, Isabelle Jalbert, Michele C Madigan","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our survey found that clinical imaging is widely utilized by many Australian eyecare practitioners for detecting and monitoring choroid nevus and highlighted knowledge gaps for risk factors and features of choroid nevus and early primary eye melanoma. Continuing education related to early detection could improve multidisciplinary management of these patients.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim is to survey Australian primary eyecare practitioners on their management of patients with choroidal nevus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A random sample of optometrists and ophthalmologists registered to practice in Australia was surveyed using a purpose-designed questionnaire including demographics, types of imaging techniques used, and practitioner choroid nevus knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-three optometrists and 82 ophthalmologists responded. More than 50% practiced independently, most in metropolitan centers (n = 113/175). Multiple imaging techniques were used to detect and monitor choroidal nevus; >72% of practitioners routinely used optical coherence tomography and color fundus photography. KAP scores indicated moderate knowledge about choroid nevus risk factors and clinical features (mean = 5.2/9, standard deviation [SD] = 1.8). Clinical mnemonics that summarized signs of risk for nevus-to-melanoma transformation were used by <50% of practitioners overall. Scores indicated a very positive attitude to nevus management (mean = 6.5/8, SD = 1.2) but a moderate practice score (mean = 13.9/25, SD = 2.9). A significant difference between optometrists and ophthalmologists was found for knowledge, but not for attitude or practice scores. Choroid nevus patients were referred to a specialist ophthalmologist by ~30% of all practitioners.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of Australian primary eyecare practitioners used multiple imaging techniques to detect and monitor choroidal nevi. There were, however, gaps in knowledge associated with identifying risk factors for choroidal nevus growth. Our findings align with recent UK studies that highlight the importance of diligent screening and review, timely referral for potential melanoma-related risks, and encourage multidisciplinary care for choroidal nevus patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact lens masks to improve the visual image quality in best-corrected keratoconic eyes.","authors":"Sharon M Francis, Carina Koppen, Jos J Rozema","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Abnormalities or irregularities in the cornea, whether it is from scarring or an ectatic disease like keratoconus can significantly affect vision. Correcting such eyes with rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses can help regularize the cornea and improve vision. However, some aberrations persist despite wearing the best RGP contact lens correction.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This investigation looks into improving contact lenses by designing a customized mask on the contact lens plane. The image quality of keratoconic eyes can be improved by blocking light rays that stray too far from the best focus using a binary mask.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Corneal tomography and biometry data of 20 keratoconic SyntEyes were generated using a stochastic eye model and the best toric RGP contact lens corrections were calculated and applied to these eyes. Custom MATLAB software was used to perform ray tracing through the eye and determine ray coordinates on the retinal plane. Circular zones with radii of 0.015, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mm were created on the image plane that acted as a virtual pinhole. Finally, masks in four regions were designed to block light rays that did not converge inside these virtual pinholes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A region 4 mask significantly reduces the average root-mean-square wavefront error from 1.82 ± 0.50 to 0.32 ± 0.06 µm (t test, p<0.05), while blocking 53.87 ± 4.68% of the incoming light. For masks of regions 3, 2, and 1, the root-mean-square wavefront error increases to 0.51 ± 0.01, 1.25 ± 0.36, and 1.81 ± 0.50 μm, respectively, and the amount of blocked light decreases to 30.35 ± 5.09, 8.49 ± 3.70, and 0.47 ± 0.63%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contact lens masks designed to filter out skewed light rays can increase the image quality in contact lens-corrected keratoconic eyes, but this must be balanced with minimal light loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized crossover trial: The impact of ocular lubrication on migraine severity in persons with dry eye disease and migraine.","authors":"Nur Amalina Md Isa, Arun V Krishnan, Alessandro S Zagami, Shyam S Tummanapalli, Katherine Spira, Eric B Papas, Azadeh Tavakoli, Maria Markoulli","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002241","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Significant associations in the epidemiologic and clinical features between migraine and dry eye syndrome suggest that both conditions are comorbid. A potentially overlapping pathophysiological mechanism further indicates a connection between the two conditions. This study highlights the clinical implications of treating dry eye disease on migraine.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact on migraine severity of treating dry eye disease in migraine patients using ocular lubricants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, double-masked, crossover trial was conducted on 24 participants with both migraine and dry eye disease. They received either Systane Hydration UD (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) or saline eye drops (NeilMed, Santa Rosa, CA) four times per day for 4 weeks each, with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Migraine severity was assessed using the Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT-6) and Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaires. Dry eye disease was evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 (DEQ-5), tear breakup time, tear osmolarity, and corneal surface integrity. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after using the first and then second drops.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ocular lubrication was significantly associated with reduced migraine severity and dry eye disease. The HIT-6 score was reduced from baseline when using Systane Hydration UD (mean change, ∆ = -3.0, p=0.01) and saline (∆ = -3.9, p=0.002). Dry eye disease symptoms and corneal staining were reduced when using Systane Hydration UD (OSDI ∆ = -8.3, p=0.004; DEQ-5 ∆ = -2.1, p=0.004; corneal staining ∆ = -2.2, p=0.001) and saline (OSDI ∆ = -6.4, p=0.03; DEQ-5 ∆ = -1.5, p=0.03; corneal staining ∆ = -1.5, p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When migraine and dry eye disease coexist, successfully treating dry eye disease reduces the severity of migraine, as measured by HIT-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"183-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}