Optometry and Vision Science最新文献

{"title":"Does the palpebral morphology influence the tear meniscus height between Caucasian and Asian eyes?","authors":"Maëlys Guinel, Etty Bitton","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002180","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The central lower TMH is used as a clinical measure of tear volume in the assessment of contact lens candidates and patients with dry eyes. Ethnic differences in eyelid morphology may influence the measurement of the TMH. Furthermore, with the advent of larger contact lenses, such as scleral lenses, it would be of clinical value to assess the TMH centrally and peripherally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the TMH at different positions along the palpebral margin between Caucasian and Asian eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study evaluated the lower TMH in five positions (central, temporal and nasal limbus and temporal and nasal periphery) of the right eye using the Keratograph 5M (Oculus) instrument in Caucasian and Asian participants between 10 am and 12 pm . The TMH at each position was taken three times and averaged and analyzed using a 5 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Central TMH did not differ significantly ( F = 0.02, p=0.88) in Caucasians (n = 20, aged 24.45 [2.30] years, TMH 0.320 [0.052] mm) and Asians (n = 20, aged 22.25 [3.43] years, TMH 0.325 [0.048] mm). A difference was noted with respect to TMH positions along the lid margin ( F = 64.17, p<0.001), independent of ethnicity ( F = 2.15, p=0.15). A post hoc analysis revealed a significantly higher TMH temporally when compared with centrally or nasally (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated the similarity of the central TMH and the differences in the peripheral TMH within Caucasian and Asian eyes. This may be clinically relevant when using the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II diagnostic algorithm for dry eyes and when fitting scleral contact lenses. Future studies need to consider that ethnic differences may exist for certain tests in order to personalize the care and management of each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"537-541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties and diagnostic performance of three dry eye questionnaires in Italian: OSDI, OSDI-6, and SPEED.","authors":"Alessio Facchin, Laura Boccardo","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002184","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Psychometric questionnaires are highly valuable instruments in clinical practice as they make subjective symptoms easier to measure. Recently, a short version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was developed, named OSDI-6.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and compare the diagnostic criteria of three questionnaires, available in the Italian language, designed for assessing dry eye disease: Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED), OSDI-12, and specifically the new shortened version, OSDI-6.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychometric evaluations were conducted on 250 adult participants aged 20 to 83 years. Classic and Rasch psychometric analyses were performed on the three questionnaires. The repeatability of the questionnaires was assessed by retesting 120 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exploratory factor analysis of OSDI-6 indicated saturation on two factors. Repeatability was optimal for all three questionnaires. Based on the reference OSDI-12, the cutoff for OSDI-6 was 5 points and 7 for SPEED. Rasch analysis showed that OSDI-6 and OSDI-12 present disordered response categories and thresholds. Conversely, the SPEED questionnaire shows the optimal item characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The OSDI-12 is a reference questionnaire used in dry eye disease studies and clinics, but OSDI-6 does not represent a perfect shortened version, primarily for the absence of one factor measured and secondarily for the same problem of category response order and thresholds. Conversely, SPEED focusing only on symptoms showed better psychometric properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 9","pages":"579-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mentoring to build future editorial talent.","authors":"Michael Twa","doi":"10.1097/opx.0000000000002181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"495-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of pedestrian collision for persons with peripheral field loss: A computational analysis.","authors":"Nish Mohith Kurukuti, Sailaja Manda, Eli Peli","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002175","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>People with peripheral field loss report colliding with other pedestrians on their blind side(s). We show that, in dyadic collision scenarios between persons, one with field loss, such as homonymous hemianopia, and the other normally sighted pedestrian, collisions occur only if the persons with homonymous hemianopia are overtaking the pedestrians, and the collision risk is concentrated at farther bearing angles than previously suggested.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prior work computed the risk of collision while simulating both pedestrians as points and did not consider the ability of the other pedestrian's normal vision to avoid the collision. We extended the model to better characterize the open space collision risk posed for persons with homonymous hemianopia by normally sighted pedestrians where both have volume.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We computed the risk of collision with approaching pedestrians using a model that simulates approaching pedestrians as volumetric entities without vision, volumetric entities with vision, and as points for comparison with the prior work. Collision risk of approaching pedestrians is characterized for all three conditions through spatial collision risk maps and collision risk densities as a function of bearing and radial distances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The collision risk for volumetric pedestrians is slightly different from that of point pedestrians. For volumetric pedestrians simulated with normal vision, the risk of collision was reduced substantially, as the other pedestrians could detect and avoid most impending collisions. The remaining collision risk is from pedestrians approaching at higher bearing angles (>50°) and from shorter radial distances (<2 m). Thus, collisions occurred when the pedestrians started in front of the person with homonymous hemianopia that was overtaking the pedestrian.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The probability of collisions between pedestrians and the person with peripheral field loss is low and occurs only when the person with peripheral field loss is walking from behind the pedestrian at faster speed, thereby overtaking them. Such collisions occur with pedestrians at higher bearing angles, which should be monitored by assistive aids to avoid collisions. The same collision risk applies not only in homonymous hemianopia but also in other peripheral field loss such as monocular vision loss or concentric field loss, as common in retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"514-522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frustrating misnomers: 20/20 vision and BCVA.","authors":"David B Elliott","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002165","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"443-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of retinal image-based, deep learning cardiac BioAge with telomere length and cardiovascular biomarkers.","authors":"Ehsan Vaghefi, Songyang An, Rini Corbett, David Squirrell","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002158","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our retinal image-based deep learning (DL) cardiac biological age (BioAge) model could facilitate fast, accurate, noninvasive screening for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in novel community settings and thus improve outcome with those with limited access to health care services.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether the results issued by our DL cardiac BioAge model are consistent with the known trends of CVD risk and the biomarker leukocyte telomere length (LTL), in a cohort of individuals from the UK Biobank.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted using those individuals in the UK Biobank who had LTL data. These individuals were divided by sex, ranked by LTL, and then grouped into deciles. The retinal images were then presented to the DL model, and individual's cardiac BioAge was determined. Individuals within each LTL decile were then ranked by cardiac BioAge, and the mean of the CVD risk biomarkers in the top and bottom quartiles was compared. The relationship between an individual's cardiac BioAge, the CVD biomarkers, and LTL was determined using traditional correlation statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DL cardiac BioAge model was able to accurately stratify individuals by the traditional CVD risk biomarkers, and for both males and females, those issued with a cardiac BioAge in the top quartile of their chronological peer group had a significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A 1c , and 10-year Pooled Cohort Equation CVD risk scores compared with those individuals in the bottom quartile (p<0.001). Cardiac BioAge was associated with LTL shortening for both males and females (males: -0.22, r2 = 0.04; females: -0.18, r2 = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cross-sectional cohort study, increasing CVD risk whether assessed by traditional biomarkers, CVD risk scoring, or our DL cardiac BioAge, CVD risk model, was inversely related to LTL. At a population level, our data support the growing body of evidence that suggests LTL shortening is a surrogate marker for increasing CVD risk and that this risk can be captured by our novel DL cardiac BioAge model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"464-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' response. Optom Vis Sci 2024;101:237.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002166","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tear α-synuclein as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Prince Kwaku Akowuah, Ebenezer Owusu, David Totoe","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002168","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002168","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Parkinson's disease symptoms mostly manifest after significant and irreversible neuropathology. Hence, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can provide indications of disease before significant neuronal degeneration occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To estimate the difference in the concentration of α-synuclein protein in tears between individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data sources: &lt;/strong&gt;PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The last database search was on December 20, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;Primary prospective studies in humans measuring the level of α-synuclein in tears and clinical outcomes reported using mean or median.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants and interventions: &lt;/strong&gt;Individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study appraisal and synthesis methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The I2 statistic was used to estimate heterogeneity. The outcome measure was the difference in tear total and oligomeric α-synuclein. Mean difference (MD) was used to assess the outcome. The certainty of evidence was rated following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Three hundred twenty-seven Parkinson's disease and 312 healthy control subjects from five studies and 177 Parkinson's disease and 166 healthy control subjects from two studies were included in total α-synuclein levels and oligomeric α-synuclein levels analysis, respectively. Total α-synuclein level was not different between Parkinson's disease and healthy controls (MD = 0.02 ng/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.00 to 0.05 ng/mL; I2 = 90%; Z = 1.79; p=0.07; number of studies = 5; GRADE rating = very low]). Stratifying the data based on disease duration, total α-synuclein was higher in subjects with Parkinson's disease duration ≥7 years compared with healthy controls (MD = 0.04 ng/mL [95% CI: 0.03 to 0.05 ng/mL; I2 = 0%; Z = 8.24, p&lt;0.00001; number of studies = 2; GRADE rating = low]) but not different between the two groups (MD = -0.12 ng/mL (95% CI: -0.38 to 0.15 ng/mL; I2 = 93%; Z = 0.84, p=0.40; number of studies = 3; GRADE rating = very low]). Oligomeric α-synuclein level was higher in Parkinson's disease compared with controls (MD = 6.50 ng/mL [95% CI: 2.79 to 10.20 ng/mL; I2 = 94%; Z = 3.44; p=0.0006; number of studies = 2; GRADE rating = very low]).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitations: &lt;/strong&gt;High heterogeneity between studies. Potential sources of heterogeneity could not be explored due to the limited number of studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and implications of key findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Tear α-synuclein has the potential to be a noninvasive biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Studies are, however, needed to increase certainty in the biomarker and establish how the protein's changes in tears correlate with Parkinson's diseas","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"485-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Optics of the Human Eye, 2nd ed.","authors":"Samantha Strong","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002170","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test time affects Farnsworth D15 outcomes in practiced, but not unpracticed, subjects with color vision deficiency.","authors":"Anne Arah Cho, Jason S Ng","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002159","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Imposing a time limit on the Farnsworth D15 test may prevent patients from compromising the test.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of test time on the Farnsworth D15 color vision test in unpracticed and practiced subjects and determine an optimal test time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one subjects (mean/standard deviation age, 33.1/9.3 years) with a range of congenital color vision deficiency participated in the study. Pseudoisochromatic plate screening, Farnsworth D15, and anomaloscope testing were performed for classification purposes. At each of 2 visits, 10 trials of the Farnsworth D15 were performed with a range in test times from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. Between visits, subjects practiced the test. Major crossovers were used as the outcome measure. A repeated-measures analysis of variance compared the scores across trials. Post hoc Dunnett's testing analyzed the pairwise data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although no significant difference in the mean number of major crossovers was found across the 10 trials for the first visit ( F (9, 180) = 1.30, p=0.24), a significant difference was found for the second visit ( F (9, 180) = 4.77, p<0.001). The range of mean number of major crossovers for the second visit was 1.71 to 5.1, with the 30-second trial resulting in the largest number of major crossovers and the longest trial resulting in the smallest number of major crossovers. Analysis showed that a 2-minute time limit resulted in a Farnsworth D15 outcome that would be expected based on the anomaloscope for a majority of subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, test time was found to affect performance in practiced subjects but not in unpracticed subjects. Based on this study, we recommend enforcing a time limit of 2 minutes to discourage those who try to pass the Farnsworth D15 through practice. Additional measures, such as recording patient behavior, can also be taken.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}