Optometry and Vision Science最新文献

{"title":"Association of retinal image-based, deep learning cardiac BioAge with telomere length and cardiovascular biomarkers.","authors":"Ehsan Vaghefi, Songyang An, Rini Corbett, David Squirrell","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002158","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our retinal image-based deep learning (DL) cardiac biological age (BioAge) model could facilitate fast, accurate, noninvasive screening for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in novel community settings and thus improve outcome with those with limited access to health care services.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether the results issued by our DL cardiac BioAge model are consistent with the known trends of CVD risk and the biomarker leukocyte telomere length (LTL), in a cohort of individuals from the UK Biobank.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted using those individuals in the UK Biobank who had LTL data. These individuals were divided by sex, ranked by LTL, and then grouped into deciles. The retinal images were then presented to the DL model, and individual's cardiac BioAge was determined. Individuals within each LTL decile were then ranked by cardiac BioAge, and the mean of the CVD risk biomarkers in the top and bottom quartiles was compared. The relationship between an individual's cardiac BioAge, the CVD biomarkers, and LTL was determined using traditional correlation statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DL cardiac BioAge model was able to accurately stratify individuals by the traditional CVD risk biomarkers, and for both males and females, those issued with a cardiac BioAge in the top quartile of their chronological peer group had a significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A 1c , and 10-year Pooled Cohort Equation CVD risk scores compared with those individuals in the bottom quartile (p<0.001). Cardiac BioAge was associated with LTL shortening for both males and females (males: -0.22, r2 = 0.04; females: -0.18, r2 = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cross-sectional cohort study, increasing CVD risk whether assessed by traditional biomarkers, CVD risk scoring, or our DL cardiac BioAge, CVD risk model, was inversely related to LTL. At a population level, our data support the growing body of evidence that suggests LTL shortening is a surrogate marker for increasing CVD risk and that this risk can be captured by our novel DL cardiac BioAge model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"464-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' response. Optom Vis Sci 2024;101:237.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002166","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tear α-synuclein as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Prince Kwaku Akowuah, Ebenezer Owusu, David Totoe","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002168","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002168","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Parkinson's disease symptoms mostly manifest after significant and irreversible neuropathology. Hence, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can provide indications of disease before significant neuronal degeneration occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To estimate the difference in the concentration of α-synuclein protein in tears between individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data sources: &lt;/strong&gt;PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The last database search was on December 20, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;Primary prospective studies in humans measuring the level of α-synuclein in tears and clinical outcomes reported using mean or median.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants and interventions: &lt;/strong&gt;Individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study appraisal and synthesis methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The I2 statistic was used to estimate heterogeneity. The outcome measure was the difference in tear total and oligomeric α-synuclein. Mean difference (MD) was used to assess the outcome. The certainty of evidence was rated following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Three hundred twenty-seven Parkinson's disease and 312 healthy control subjects from five studies and 177 Parkinson's disease and 166 healthy control subjects from two studies were included in total α-synuclein levels and oligomeric α-synuclein levels analysis, respectively. Total α-synuclein level was not different between Parkinson's disease and healthy controls (MD = 0.02 ng/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.00 to 0.05 ng/mL; I2 = 90%; Z = 1.79; p=0.07; number of studies = 5; GRADE rating = very low]). Stratifying the data based on disease duration, total α-synuclein was higher in subjects with Parkinson's disease duration ≥7 years compared with healthy controls (MD = 0.04 ng/mL [95% CI: 0.03 to 0.05 ng/mL; I2 = 0%; Z = 8.24, p&lt;0.00001; number of studies = 2; GRADE rating = low]) but not different between the two groups (MD = -0.12 ng/mL (95% CI: -0.38 to 0.15 ng/mL; I2 = 93%; Z = 0.84, p=0.40; number of studies = 3; GRADE rating = very low]). Oligomeric α-synuclein level was higher in Parkinson's disease compared with controls (MD = 6.50 ng/mL [95% CI: 2.79 to 10.20 ng/mL; I2 = 94%; Z = 3.44; p=0.0006; number of studies = 2; GRADE rating = very low]).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitations: &lt;/strong&gt;High heterogeneity between studies. Potential sources of heterogeneity could not be explored due to the limited number of studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and implications of key findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Tear α-synuclein has the potential to be a noninvasive biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Studies are, however, needed to increase certainty in the biomarker and establish how the protein's changes in tears correlate with Parkinson's diseas","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"485-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Optics of the Human Eye, 2nd ed.","authors":"Samantha Strong","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002170","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test time affects Farnsworth D15 outcomes in practiced, but not unpracticed, subjects with color vision deficiency.","authors":"Anne Arah Cho, Jason S Ng","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002159","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Imposing a time limit on the Farnsworth D15 test may prevent patients from compromising the test.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of test time on the Farnsworth D15 color vision test in unpracticed and practiced subjects and determine an optimal test time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one subjects (mean/standard deviation age, 33.1/9.3 years) with a range of congenital color vision deficiency participated in the study. Pseudoisochromatic plate screening, Farnsworth D15, and anomaloscope testing were performed for classification purposes. At each of 2 visits, 10 trials of the Farnsworth D15 were performed with a range in test times from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. Between visits, subjects practiced the test. Major crossovers were used as the outcome measure. A repeated-measures analysis of variance compared the scores across trials. Post hoc Dunnett's testing analyzed the pairwise data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although no significant difference in the mean number of major crossovers was found across the 10 trials for the first visit ( F (9, 180) = 1.30, p=0.24), a significant difference was found for the second visit ( F (9, 180) = 4.77, p<0.001). The range of mean number of major crossovers for the second visit was 1.71 to 5.1, with the 30-second trial resulting in the largest number of major crossovers and the longest trial resulting in the smallest number of major crossovers. Analysis showed that a 2-minute time limit resulted in a Farnsworth D15 outcome that would be expected based on the anomaloscope for a majority of subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, test time was found to affect performance in practiced subjects but not in unpracticed subjects. Based on this study, we recommend enforcing a time limit of 2 minutes to discourage those who try to pass the Farnsworth D15 through practice. Additional measures, such as recording patient behavior, can also be taken.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Myopia management is now \"standard of care\".","authors":"Michael J Lipson","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002167","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"446-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new, adaptive, self-administered, and generalizable method used to measure visual acuity.","authors":"Jan Skerswetat, Jingyi He, Jay Bijesh Shah, Nicolas Aycardi, Michelle Freeman, Peter John Bex","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002160","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Angular Indication Measurement (AIM) is an adaptive, self-administered, and generalizable orientation-judgment method designed to interrogate visual functions. We introduce AIM Visual Acuity (VA) and show its features and outcome measures. Angular Indication Measurement VA's ability to detect defocus was comparable with that of an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter chart and showed greater sensitivity to astigmatic blur.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This proof-of-concept study introduces Angular Indication Measurement and applies it to VA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, we compared the ability of AIM-VA and ETDRS to detect defocus and astigmatic blur in 22 normally sighted adults. Spherical and cylindrical lenses in the dominant eye induced blur. Second, we compared repeatability over two tests of AIM-VA and ETDRS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A repeated-measure analysis of variance showed a main effect for defocus blur and test. For the astigmatism experiment, an interaction between blur and orientation was found. Pairwise comparisons showed that AIM was more sensitive to astigmatic-induced VA loss than ETDRS. Bland-Altman plots showed small bias and no systematic learning effect for either test type and improved repeatability with more than two adaptive steps for AIM-VA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Angular Indication Measurement VA's ability to detect defocus was comparable with that of an ETDRS letter chart and showed greater sensitivity to induced astigmatic blur, and AIM-VA's repeatability is comparable with ETDRS when using two or more adaptive steps. Angular Indication Measurement's self-administered orientation judgment approach is generalizable to interrogate other visual functions, e.g., contrast, color, motion, and stereovision.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 7","pages":"451-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction in young adult myopes.","authors":"Hashim Ali Khan, Huy Tran, Thomas John Naduvilath, Nina Tahhan, Thao Ha, Padmaja Sankaridurg","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002169","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>This study explores the difference between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction in young adult myopes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>From the available literature, it is unclear whether cycloplegia is necessary when refracting young adults. This study investigates the agreement between noncycloplegic autorefraction and cycloplegic autorefraction and investigates factors affecting the agreement between the two methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 125 myopes with ages ranging between 18 and 26 years were included from Australia and Vietnam. Each participant underwent noncycloplegic autorefraction and cycloplegic autorefraction. Cycloplegia was induced with 1% ophthalmic tropicamide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean spherical equivalent difference (95% confidence interval) between noncycloplegic autorefraction and cycloplegic autorefraction was -0.20 D (-0.25 to -0.14 D; t124 = -7.18, p<0.0001 ) . A mean difference of >0.25 D was seen in 46.8% of eyes. The lower and upper limits of agreement were -0.80 and 0.41 D, respectively. With univariate analysis, factors including age, degree of refractive error, accommodation amplitude, and distance phorias showed no impact on the average difference between cycloplegic autorefraction and noncycloplegic autorefraction. Yet, eyes with near exophoria ( F2,120 = 6.63, p=0.0019) and Caucasian eyes ( F3,121 = 2.85, p=0.040) exhibited the smallest paired differences. However, in the multivariate analysis, only near exophoria was associated with a lower mean difference. A significantly smaller proportion (34.9%) of eyes with near exophoria had a paired difference of -0.25 D or more compared with esophoria (50%) and orthophoria (65%; χ2 = 6.6, p=0.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Noncycloplegic autorefraction results in more myopic refractive error than cycloplegic autorefraction in young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"470-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of perceptual learning in low vision: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Adela S Y Park, Ginny H T Wong, Ken W S Tan, Blossom W S Cheung, Mark Oremus, Allen M Y Cheong, Benjamin Thompson","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002157","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual perceptual learning (PL) shows promise for enhancing visual functions in individuals with visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PL in improving visual function.</p><p><strong>Study eligibility: </strong>Eligible studies were those examining the efficacy of PL in individuals with low vision.</p><p><strong>Study appraisal and synthesis methods: </strong>The review protocol was registered with the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID CRD42022327545) and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Screened studies were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis and narrative synthesis following Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for Quasi-Experimental studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty studies were included, covering various visual impairments and employing different PL interventions. Most studies had low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed significant improvement in visual search for individuals with cortical blindness (Hedges' g = 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.93; p=0.002); all other analyses did not show significant improvements-reading in central vision loss and cortical blindness, and visual field in peripheral vision loss and cortical blindness. However, the narrative synthesis provided evidence showing effectiveness, particularly in individuals with central vision loss and cortical blindness, demonstrating positive effects on reading, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and motion perception.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Variations in study design, PL protocols, outcome measures, and measurement methods introduced heterogeneity, limiting the analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The efficacy of PL in vision rehabilitation remains uncertain. Although meta-analysis results were mostly inconclusive, the narrative synthesis indicated improved visual functions following PL, consistent with individual study findings.</p><p><strong>Implications of key findings: </strong>Future research should optimize intervention parameters, explore long-term effects, and assess generalizability across diverse populations and visual impairment etiologies. Larger randomized controlled trials using standardized outcome measures are needed to advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"305-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in vision impairment research.","authors":"Susana T L Chung","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":"101 6","pages":"287-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}