{"title":"Body mass index, diet, and outdoor activity linked with meibomian gland abnormalities in children.","authors":"Manisha Parikh, Lindsay A Sicks, Yi Pang","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002155","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Dry eye disease is frequently underdiagnosed in pediatric patients. Meibomian gland morphology abnormalities (atrophy and tortuosity) may be associated with dry eye. This study examined risk factors for gland morphology abnormalities in children.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to characterize meibomian gland morphological abnormalities (atrophy and tortuosity) and identify risk factors for the same in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 160 children, primarily African American and Hispanic, aged 5 to <18 years underwent a comprehensive eye exam including slit-lamp examination to evaluate the meibomian glands, conjunctival papillae, and tear film. Infrared photography was performed including assessment of noninvasive tear film breakup time and tear meniscus height. Meibomian gland atrophy and tortuosity were assessed. A modified Ocular Surface Disease Index survey was administered along with surveys on screen time, diet, and outdoor activity. Linear multiple regression was performed to determine risk factors for meibomian gland abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of participants (76 male, 84 female) was 10.9 ± 3.0 years. Severe meibomian gland atrophy (score ≥2) was found in 31.0% of participants in at least one eyelid. Severe meibomian gland tortuosity (score ≥2) was found in 84.0% of participants in at least one eyelid. The median symptom score was 9.8 (range, 0 to 71), with 16.9, 8.8, and 12.5% of the children having mild, moderate, and severe dry eye symptoms, respectively. Elevated body mass index (p<0.001), reduced outdoor activity (p=0.02), and unhealthy diet (p=0.01) were found to be risk factors for meibomian gland abnormalities. Screen time, symptom score, age, gender, and race/ethnicity were not associated with gland abnormalities (all p values >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study determined that meibomian gland morphological abnormalities were commonly found in children aged 5 to <18 years. Risk factors for these abnormalities include elevated body mass index, an unhealthy diet, and reduced outdoor activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":" ","pages":"542-546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optometry and Vision Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002155","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/16 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Significance: Dry eye disease is frequently underdiagnosed in pediatric patients. Meibomian gland morphology abnormalities (atrophy and tortuosity) may be associated with dry eye. This study examined risk factors for gland morphology abnormalities in children.
Purpose: This study aimed to characterize meibomian gland morphological abnormalities (atrophy and tortuosity) and identify risk factors for the same in children.
Methods: A total of 160 children, primarily African American and Hispanic, aged 5 to <18 years underwent a comprehensive eye exam including slit-lamp examination to evaluate the meibomian glands, conjunctival papillae, and tear film. Infrared photography was performed including assessment of noninvasive tear film breakup time and tear meniscus height. Meibomian gland atrophy and tortuosity were assessed. A modified Ocular Surface Disease Index survey was administered along with surveys on screen time, diet, and outdoor activity. Linear multiple regression was performed to determine risk factors for meibomian gland abnormalities.
Results: The average age of participants (76 male, 84 female) was 10.9 ± 3.0 years. Severe meibomian gland atrophy (score ≥2) was found in 31.0% of participants in at least one eyelid. Severe meibomian gland tortuosity (score ≥2) was found in 84.0% of participants in at least one eyelid. The median symptom score was 9.8 (range, 0 to 71), with 16.9, 8.8, and 12.5% of the children having mild, moderate, and severe dry eye symptoms, respectively. Elevated body mass index (p<0.001), reduced outdoor activity (p=0.02), and unhealthy diet (p=0.01) were found to be risk factors for meibomian gland abnormalities. Screen time, symptom score, age, gender, and race/ethnicity were not associated with gland abnormalities (all p values >0.05).
Conclusions: This study determined that meibomian gland morphological abnormalities were commonly found in children aged 5 to <18 years. Risk factors for these abnormalities include elevated body mass index, an unhealthy diet, and reduced outdoor activity.
期刊介绍：
Optometry and Vision Science is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific publication of the American Academy of Optometry, publishing original research since 1924. Optometry and Vision Science is an internationally recognized source for education and information on current discoveries in optometry, physiological optics, vision science, and related fields. The journal considers original contributions that advance clinical practice, vision science, and public health. Authors should remember that the journal reaches readers worldwide and their submissions should be relevant and of interest to a broad audience. Topical priorities include, but are not limited to: clinical and laboratory research, evidence-based reviews, contact lenses, ocular growth and refractive error development, eye movements, visual function and perception, biology of the eye and ocular disease, epidemiology and public health, biomedical optics and instrumentation, novel and important clinical observations and treatments, and optometric education.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
