{"title":"Novel on-chip microfluidic transport system with electrochemically controlled bubble formation","authors":"H. Suzuki, R. Yoneyama","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215551","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated micro fluidic system was constructed with electrochemically actuated pumps and valves. It consists of a glass substrate with actuating electrodes and a PDMS substrate with micro flow channels and containers. A hydrogen bubble was generated or shrunk on a platinum black working electrode. This phenomenon was used to construct a syringe pump, a valve, and to separate the electrolyte solution from a sample solution. The system features low operating voltage and power consumption. Co-operative integration of system components facilitated withdrawal of external dye solutions from injection ports and subsequent microfluidic transport. A sheath flow was observed in a mixing channel at the end of the flow channels. Chemiluminescence originating from an enzymatic reaction was observed after transporting and mixing of the two precursor solutions.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125148374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symmetry transitions of compressively prestressed long membranes under pressure","authors":"O. Paul, T. Kramer","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215346","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the mechanical response of long postbuckled membranes to differential pressure. In the absence of pressure, membranes with Poisson's ratio /spl nu/=0.25 and prestrain /spl epsiv//sub 0/ more compressive than the critical value -17.3 t/sup 2//a/sup 2/, with the membrane thickness t and width a, show a meander-shaped postbuckling profile. With increasing pressure load, the structures undergo a second-order transition to a ripple-shaped profile at a critical pressure p/sub cr1/(/spl epsiv//sub 0/), and to a ripple-free profile at a higher critical pressure p/sub cr2/(/spl epsiv//sub 0/). At each transition, the structures gain additional symmetries. These phenomena were experimentally studied on micromachined PECVD silicon nitride thin film membranes. A variational calculus approach enabled p/sub cr1/(/spl epsiv//sub 0/), p/sub cr2/(/spl epsiv//sub 0/), /spl epsiv//sub 0,cr2/, and the symmetry contributions to the membrane profiles to be computed. Based on the numerical results, the prestrain and elastic modulus of a PECVD silicon nitride thin film were extracted as /spl epsiv//sub 0/=-1.78/spl times/10/sup -3/ and E=160 GPa, respectively.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"433 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122474371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nickel nano-composite film for MEMS applications","authors":"K. Teh, Yu-Ting Cheng, Liwei Lin","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217070","url":null,"abstract":"We have successfully demonstrated low-temperature, stress-free, wafer-level fabrication of nano-composite MEMS via both an electroless nickel (EN) and an electrolytic nickel (EL) deposition process, with the addition of uniformly dispersed nanoparticles of either cordierite (diameter /spl ap/100 nm/spl sim/5 /spl mu/m) or diamond (diameter /spl sim/4 nm). The as-deposited nickel-cordierite films exhibit better thermal compatibility with Si, compared to nickel. The measured coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of EN-cordierite and EN is 17.34 ppm/K and 26.69 ppm/K, respectively. Stress-temperature measurement of EN-cordierite composite also confirms that residual stress decreases with the incorporations of cordierite. Finally, by adding various concentrations of nanodiamond particles into an EL matrix, it is found that higher diamond concentrations render the film to be more compressively stressed.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"76 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131451728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the smart board using metal core piezoelectric complex fibers","authors":"H. Sato, Yoshiro Shimojo, Tadashi Sekiya Smart","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215366","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to develop piezoelectric sensor and actuator for smart board, complex piezoelectric fibers with metal core were fabricated by both hydrothermal method and extrusion method. The insertion of metal core was significant in view that the fragility of ceramics is overcome and electrodes are not required in the use as sensor and actuator. In order to evaluate the sensor and actuator abilities of these new-type fibers, a cantilever structure was constructed by embedding them into the surface of CFRP composite board. As a result of vibration of this CFRP board by electromagnetic vibrometer, it was found that the fiber has an obvious sensor function, since electric charge was output from the fiber in proportion to the vibration amplitude. On the contrary, it became also evident that the fiber functions as actuator, since the CFRP board was vibrated by applying an AC voltage between the metal core and CFRP matrix.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116511644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lateral thinking: the challenge of microsystems","authors":"B. Murari","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215238","url":null,"abstract":"While conventional microelectronics focuses on incremental improvements of a well-established technology, a new frontier in micro technology has appeared that challenges the way designers work, compelling them to think three dimensionally and also to acquire unusual multi-disciplinary skills. Called Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), this new field combines silicon fabrication techniques borrowed from the world of microelectronics, but applies them in new ways to merge electrical, mechanical, optical and even fluidics elements into a single device. These new devices will not only lead to interesting new applications, but foster the emergence of a new breed of engineer that has a broader knowledge and perhaps also more room for creative thinking.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127703240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. M. Nielsen, L. R. Arana, C. D. Baertsch, K. Jensen, M. Schmidt
{"title":"A thermophotovoltaic micro-generator for portable power applications","authors":"O. M. Nielsen, L. R. Arana, C. D. Baertsch, K. Jensen, M. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215573","url":null,"abstract":"We report a MEMS based thermophotovoltaic micro-generator that has been successfully operated with positive net electrical power output. The key components of the system are the suspended-tube micro-reactor (S/spl mu/RE) that serves as an emitter, and a gallium-antimonide photocell that converts the emitted radiation into electricity. Net electrical power of 1.0 mW was produced with the emitter heated to /spl sim/770/spl deg/C by the combustion of propane and air in the reactor. The overall system efficiency was 0.08%. This is a promising technology for portable power systems to replace batteries in certain applications.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132693106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hwang, H.-S. Park, D. Shim, K. Na, Wonseo Choi, S. Choi
{"title":"Electronic compass using two-axis micro fluxgate sensing element","authors":"J. Hwang, H.-S. Park, D. Shim, K. Na, Wonseo Choi, S. Choi","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217091","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a micro fluxgate sensor fabricated by Si-based Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). To measure X- and Y-axis magnetic fields, two fluxgate sensing elements were perpendicularly aligned. The fluxgate sensor was composed of rectangular-ring shaped magnetic core, solenoid excitation and pick-up coils. The 2 /spl mu/m thick Ni/sub 0.8/Fe/sub 0.2/ (permalloy) magnetic core layer was electroplated with photoresist frame using sputtered Ni/sub 0.8/Fe/sub 0.2/ seed layer. The fabricated fluxgate chip size was 4.5/spl times/2.7 mm/sup 2/. Excellent linear response over the range of -100 /spl mu/T to +100 /spl mu/T was obtained with 210 V/T sensitivity at excitation square wave of 2.8 V/sub p-p/ and 1.2 MHz. When two-axis fluxgate sensing element was rotated in terrestrial field, induced second harmonic voltages from X-and Y-axis were sine and cosine wave without distortion, respectively. It is very useful to commercialize the portable navigation system including north-up and map matching, military research, medical research, and space research.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132747897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piezoelectric microactuators in polymer-composite technology","authors":"C. Friese, F. Goldschmidtboing, P. Woias","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1216938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1216938","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes process development, fabrication and testing of piezoelectric micro actuators based on a novel polymer-composite technology. Fabrication is done by using segmented silicone molds for the insert-casting of piezoactuators into polymeric material. Furthermore, a simulation model was developed to forecast the principal behavior of the micro actuators and to perform an optimization of the stroke. Based on these results, a number of test structures were fabricated. Finally the displacement was measured and compared to the simulation model.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133438094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel micro optical system employing inclined polymer mirrors and Fresnel lens for monolithic integration of optical disk pickup heads","authors":"F. Tseng, Heng-Tsang Hu","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215544","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel method to integrate precisely fabricated inclined-mirrors and on-chip Fresnel lens for optical pickup-head application. A new technology of glycerol-compensated incline-exposure has been adopted for the fabrication of 45/spl deg/ mirror pairs. Device fabrication has been successfully completed and testing result demonstrated functional VCSEL beam focusing onto a 5 /spl mu/m spot. This new integration approach provides an easy and low cost fabrication mean without the need of assembly. The fabricated optical components are robust, accurate aligned, and ready for free space operation as in an optical pickup-head.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133961358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hsin-Chang Tsai, J. Tsai, Heng-Chung Chang, W. Fang
{"title":"A reliable test key for thin film mechanical properties characterization","authors":"Hsin-Chang Tsai, J. Tsai, Heng-Chung Chang, W. Fang","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215351","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a reliable test key using resonant technique to characterize the mechanical properties of thin film materials is reported. The test key consists of micromachined cantilever array that are fabricated using the thin film to be determined. The Young's modulus, Shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the thin film are successfully extracted after the natural frequencies of bending and torsional modes are measured. In applications, this technique has been employed to determine the mechanical properties of SiO/sub 2/ film fabricated from bulk micromachining processes. Moreover, the test key has also been used to determine the mechanical properties of poly-silicon layers in MUMPs surface processes.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115547785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}