R. Candler, H. Li, M. Lutz, W. Park, A. Partridge, G. Yama, T. Kenny
{"title":"Investigation of energy loss mechanisms in micromechanical resonators","authors":"R. Candler, H. Li, M. Lutz, W. Park, A. Partridge, G. Yama, T. Kenny","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215320","url":null,"abstract":"Micromechanical resonators with resonant frequencies from 500 kHz to 10 MHz were built and examined for several energy loss mechanisms. Thermoelastic damping, clamping loss and air damping were considered. The devices were shown to be limited by thermoelastic damping, providing experimental verification of this phenomenon at the microscale. Resonators with scaled dimensions also matched well with scaling theory of damping at a given pressure. An energy loss mechanism other than thermoelastic dissipation, most likely clamping loss, was shown to be dominant for resonators whose ratio of length to width was less than 10:1. The devices were fabricated using a single-wafer encapsulation process.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122642211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seunghyun Kim, Sunghyun Kim, Yongduk Kim, Sie-Young Choi, Sekwang Park
{"title":"Design and fabrication of a flow sensor detecting flow direction and velocity","authors":"Seunghyun Kim, Sunghyun Kim, Yongduk Kim, Sie-Young Choi, Sekwang Park","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217169","url":null,"abstract":"A thermal flow sensor detecting flow direction and velocity at the same time is designed and fabricated using MEMS technology. Pt was used as resistive material because of its very stable physical properties. Only one heater at the center and four detectors surrounding it is necessary to work the flow sensor. Therefore, a flow sensor detecting flow direction and velocity was accomplished in a small dimension. An interface circuit was designed with popular instrumentation amplifiers, Wheatstone-bridge circuit and OP amps, and they are integrated into ASIC chips using CMOS technology. The maximum angle difference was 5/spl deg/ and velocity error was no more than 0.5 m/s. Power consumption was 50 mW and response time was a few seconds.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122704607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gao, M. Wijesundara, C. Carraro, C. W. Low, R. Howe, R. Maboudian
{"title":"High modulus polycrystalline 3C-SiC technology for RF MEMS","authors":"D. Gao, M. Wijesundara, C. Carraro, C. W. Low, R. Howe, R. Maboudian","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1216977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1216977","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present substantial progress toward achieving a high modulus poly-SiC technology which lays the groundwork for SiC-based microresonators. We report the development of a single-precursor, in situ doped SiC low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process in a commercial horizontal reactor, as well as the development of a highly selective reactive ion etching process for SiC with the highest reported etch selectivity to SiO/sub 2/. Folded-flexure SiC comb-drive resonators are fabricated and tested at audio frequencies. The measured acoustic velocity of 15 km/s and Young's modulus of 710 GPa are the highest reported to date for poly-SiC films.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122775850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro combustion-thermionic power generation: feasibility, design and initial results","authors":"Chunbo Zhang, K. Najafi, L. Bernal, P. Washabaugh","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215248","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports for the first time the design, development and initial results from a micro power generator based on thermionic (TI) emission using combustion. Several major results are achieved. Thin-films of BaO are integrated with Si to form the emitter and collector of a TI converter. Field emission and TI emission currents are successfully measured from this converter. Thick SiO/sub 2/ rings are formed to achieve excellent thermal isolation. An integrated process to fabricate micromachined TI power generators is developed. Combustion has been achieved in the micromachined combustor. And power generation of /spl sim/1 /spl mu/W has been measured in emitter-collector subsystem testing. Improvement of the device and testing is needed for achieving system-level power generation from combustion.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125958560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scalable microfabricated multiphase reactors for direct fluorination reactions","authors":"N. de Mas, A. Gunther, M. Schmidt, K. Jensen","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215558","url":null,"abstract":"We report a stacked multichannel microfabricated gas-liquid reactor to carry out direct fluorination reactions with a volumetric liquid throughput of 81 ml/hr, which translates to grams per hour of fluorinated product. Fluorinated compounds are rarely synthesized by direct fluorination in conventional macroscale reactors due to the difficulties in controlling the large heat of reaction and the poor selectivity of the process. The substantial throughput and inherent safety of our microreactor makes it a promising drug discovery tool. We use pressure drop gas and liquid inlet channels to ensure uniform gas-liquid flow distribution over a large number of reaction channels operating in parallel with single gas and liquid inlet and outlet ports. Microfluidic channels are formed in a (100) silicon substrate using standard photolithographic techniques and nested potassium hydroxide etching. Twenty reaction channels are formed in each silicon layer. Gas and liquid are introduced to all layers through vertical fluidic connections. Alternate layers of drilled Pyrex are anodically bonded to the silicon to provide the vertical fluidic connections. Fluorescence microscopy of the gas-liquid flow regimes obtained in individual reaction channels indicates uniform flow distribution within one reaction layer and across different layers.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-resolution, high-speed microscanner in single-crystalline silicon actuated by self-aligned dual-mode vertical electrostatic combdrive with capability for phased array operation","authors":"D. Lee, U. Krishnamoorthy, K. Yu, O. Solgaard","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215382","url":null,"abstract":"We present micromirrors actuated by self-aligned, high aspect ratio, vertical electrostatic combdrives with multi-level electrical isolation that allows bi-directional and dual-mode (independent rotation and piston motion) operation. The fabrication process is based on self-aligned DRIE of SOI wafers with two device layers. The two oxide layers provide electrode isolation and etch stops for thickness control. Only front-side processing is required. We demonstrate micromirrors of this type with /spl plusmn/9 degrees of optical scanning and 7.5 /spl mu/m of piston motion under static actuation. Micromirrors designed for resonant scanning have optical scan angles up to /spl plusmn/25 degrees at 13.5 kHz.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128579959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field-effect flow control in polymer microchannel networks","authors":"N. Sniadecki, C.S. Lee, M. Beamesderfer, D. DeVoe","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215565","url":null,"abstract":"A new method for dynamic modulation of electro-osmotic flow (EOF) in plastic microchannel networks has been developed. The method employs field-effect flow control (FEFC) to adjust the zeta potential at the microchannel wall simply by biasing a gate electrode separated from the flow channel by a dielectric Parylene C film. The utility of this method is demonstrated by generating induced pressure-driven flow created by a differential EOF pumping rate. By varying the voltages applied to the FEFC gate electrodes in two microchannels at a T-intersection, the induced pressure at the intersection generates pumping in the connected third, field-free microchannel. The FEFC gate electrodes are able to change the magnitude and direction of the pressure pumping by inducing either a negative or positive pressure at the intersection. The flow velocity is tracked by neutralized fluorescent microbeads in the microchannels. The method described here provides an elegant mechanism for flow control in complex plastic microchannel networks. Furthermore, the ability to induce pumping by differential EOF provides important benefits for applications where zero electric fields must be maintained in the main flow channel, for example for example in the presence of high ionic mobility solutions.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124541062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Paik, Jung-Min Lim, Il-Woo Jung, Yonghwa Park, Sangwon Byun, S. Chung, K. Chun, J. Chang, Dongil Cho
{"title":"A novel microneedle array integrated with a PDMS biochip for microfluid systems","authors":"S. Paik, Jung-Min Lim, Il-Woo Jung, Yonghwa Park, Sangwon Byun, S. Chung, K. Chun, J. Chang, Dongil Cho","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1217048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a novel single-crystal-silicon microneedle array, its mechanical properties, its integration with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) biochip, as well as in vitro and in vivo test results. The fabricated microneedle arrays have integrated microchannels, which are fabricated by using the processes of anisotropic dry etching, isotropic dry etching, and trench-refilling. The microchannel diameter is about 20 /spl mu/m. The 2 mm-length microneedle shaft is strong enough to endure 12.6 gf (=23.5 mN) of vertical loading. The fabricated microneedles are planar, which make it easy to integrate with biofluidic devices. As an in vitro test, the microneedle array is integrated with a PDMS biochip, and black ink is injected into a methanol-filled petri dish. The microneedle is tested in vivo by penetrating the mouse skin and precisely pricking into the small vein in the mouse tail.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131133112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mendes, A. Polyakov, M. Bartek, J. Burghartz, J. Correia
{"title":"Integrated 5.7 GH size antenna for wireless sensor networks","authors":"P. Mendes, A. Polyakov, M. Bartek, J. Burghartz, J. Correia","doi":"10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSOR.2003.1215250","url":null,"abstract":"We report on design, fabrication and characterization of chip-size antennas for operation at 5.7 GHz and use in wireless sensor networks. Application of wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP) techniques like adhesive wafer bonding and through-wafer electrical via formation, combined with the selected antenna types (patch and folded patch) allows on-chip integration and is the main novelty of our work. A short-range wireless link between two systems both equipped with an 8/spl times/8 mm/sup 2/ patch antenna (measured characteristics: 5.705 GHz central frequency, 90 MHz bandwidth @ -10 dB, 0.3 dB gain, 18 % efficiency) realized on a high-resistivity silicon (HRS) substrate is demonstrated. A folded-patch antenna built on two stacked glass substrates allows size reduction down to 4.5/spl times/4/spl times/1 mm/sup 3/ and has a projected efficiency of 60%.","PeriodicalId":196104,"journal":{"name":"TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123748546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}