Optical Materials最新文献

{"title":"VIS-UV-VUV optical functions of epitaxial ferroelectric PbTiO3/SrTiO3 thin films","authors":"Krzysztof Dorywalski ,&nbsp;Nathalie Lemée ,&nbsp;Mariem Gharbi ,&nbsp;Andreas Zeinert ,&nbsp;Paweł Rochowski ,&nbsp;Stanisław Pogorzelski ,&nbsp;Michał Piasecki","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead titanate PbTiO₃ ferroelectric thin films were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition on strontium titanate SrTiO₃ substrates. Two samples of thicknesses 117 nm and 313 nm were investigated. The a/c polydomain structure, which results from a partial relaxation of the epitaxial strain, was evidenced in the thicker film. The real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function were determined in a broad photon energy range of 2–9.8 eV using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The energy gap values and critical point energies were determined for the both films. An effect of the epitaxy on the optical functions obtained is detected and discussed. The results showed, that even in the case of a relatively small mismatch between the layer and substrate lattice constants, the effect of epitaxy on the optical properties of ferroelectric films is not negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conformal assembly of plasmonic gratings on electrospun nanofiber membranes for holographic physical unclonable functions","authors":"Donglin Yuan ,&nbsp;Xianrui Meng ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Manman Zhang ,&nbsp;Chiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Ke Yuan ,&nbsp;Shunfei Qiang ,&nbsp;Wenkai Zhang ,&nbsp;Dun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have gained widespread adoption for secure authentication, yet existing systems often face challenges related to cost, complexity, and scalability. This study introduces a novel holographic physical unclonable function (HPUF) based on electrospun nanofiber membranes (ESNFs), which integrates plasmonic gratings with the inherent randomness and robustness of ESNFs. Efficient conformal printing of gratings onto ESNF membranes was achieved by combining the rapid self-assembly of silver nanocubes with microstructured transfer printing. The HPUF system demonstrated high diffraction efficiency (up to 37 %) and exceptional key space security, with a key size of approximately 2³⁸⁴. The generated HPUF patterns passed 13 NIST randomness tests without post-processing, confirming their suitability for cryptographic applications. Furthermore, the HPUF exhibited excellent stability, with high reproducibility across 40 challenge-response cycles. This work presents a high-efficiency, scalable, and visually distinctive solution for secure anti-counterfeiting and cryptographic applications, with potential for integration into various materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and optical tuning of β-Ga2O3 NRs/p-GaN/sapphire via precursor concentration for high-performance MSM UV photodetector application","authors":"Aijaz Ali Soomro ,&nbsp;Sabah M. Mohammad ,&nbsp;Naveed Afzal ,&nbsp;Mundzir Abdullah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ramzan ,&nbsp;Md Rumon Shahrier ,&nbsp;Abubakar Abdullahi Sifawa","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, gallium oxide nanorods (β-Ga₂O₃ NRs) were synthesized on p-gallium nitride (p-GaN)/sapphire substrate using a hydrothermal technique with various molar concentrations of gallium nitrate hydrate (0.03 M, 0.04 M, 0.05 M, and 0.06 M) for metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector application. An increase in molar concentration led to a corresponding increase in the thickness and aspect ratioof the NRs, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the monoclinic crystal structure of the β-Ga₂O₃ NRs, which was further validated by the Raman spectroscopy. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed a decreased band gap of the β-Ga₂O₃ NRs on increasing the molar concentration. Under 260 nm UV illumination, Pt/β-Ga₂O₃ NRs/Pt photodetector demonstrated superior performance at 0.04 M compared to the others. The device showed a responsivity of 1.19 × 10⁻¹ A/W, a detectivity of 1.14 × 10⁹ Jones, an external quantum efficiency of 56.9 %, a noise equivalent power of 2.13 × 10⁻¹⁰ W/Hz^1/2 and a sensitivity of 730.7 % at a molar concentration of 0.04 M. The present work establishes β-Ga₂O₃ NRs as a promising material for designing the high-performance MSM UV photodetector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical properties of graphene doped Mn2O3 thin films for environmental application and solar cells simulation","authors":"Wafa Naffouti,&nbsp;Najoua Turki-Kamoun","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current report, graphene oxide (GO) doped dimanganese trioxide (Mn₂O₃) thin films were grown on glass substrates via spray pyrolysis method. The effect of doping concentration ratio (y = ([GO]/[Mn]) in the range of [0–8] at.-% by a step of 2 at.-%) on structural, morphological, optical and spectral properties was investigated. These physical studies were performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), profilometry analysis, UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was found that graphene doping affects the properties of the layers, mainly structural and optical properties. In fact, structural analysis indicated that the best crytallinity was achieved at a doping concentration of about 4 at.-% with a crystallite size in the order of 87.01 nm. SEM images indicated that graphene doping leaded to higher roughness which improved the photocatalytic performance of the samples. Optical studies revealed a very low transmission in the visible range with direct band gap energy of around 1.43 eV, which is suitable for the use of Mn₂O₃:GO as absorber layer in solar cell devices. Refractive index (n) was, successfully, determined using Moss, Reddy and Ravindra models. PL spectra showed multiple emissions across both UV and visible regions. A high photodegradation efficiency of Malachite Green by graphene doped Mn₂O₃ thin films was detected. It was about 90 % under sunlight. The photovoltaic performance of ZnO/CdS/CIGS and ZnO/CdS/Mn₂O₃:GO/CIGS solar cells using one-dimensional Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) has been investigated, at the first time, to the best of our knowledge. It was found that the addition of Mn₂O₃:GO as a second absorber layer improves, significantly, the efficiency of the solar cell to reach 21.47 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic Ag nanocomposite phosphate glasses produced via γ-ray irradiation as reduction route","authors":"José A. Jiménez ,&nbsp;Jared S. Kinyon ,&nbsp;Charles L. Crawford","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reports on the impact of γ-ray irradiation (10, 100 kGy) on melt-quenched Ag⁺-doped phosphate glass and the effects of subsequent thermal processing leading to the production of plasmonic Ag nanocomposites. The γ-irradiated glasses were characterized alongside the pristine by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, optical absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. DSC characterization showed consistent glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em>_<em>g</em>) before and after γ-irradiation whereas the crystallization temperatures tended to decrease with increasing γ-ray dose. However, a lack of alteration of the glass network structure was supported by Raman spectroscopy. Room temperature EPR spectra clearly showed the formation of phosphorus oxygen hole center (POHC) defects in the undoped host, in addition to another doublet likely associated with a <em>P</em>₃ defect. The presence of paramagnetic silver species encompassing Ag²⁺ and ^107/109Ag⁰ atoms was also indicated in the silver-activated glass together with POHC defects. Optical absorption spectra were also consistent with the presence of various radiation-induced centers. Further analyzing the glass absorption edge <em>via</em> Tauc plots suggested the formation of electron center (EC) defects in γ-irradiated samples wherein the silver-doped glass exhibited decreasing band gap energies with increasing γ-ray dose. The PL characterization showed the silver-related radio-PL effect was induced exhibiting broad band emission with two maxima around 500 and 625 nm stemming from various molecular <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>Ag</mtext><mi>n</mi><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> clusters. Emission decay analyses revealed that the longer wavelength emission exhibited slower decay. The highest radiation dose of 100 kGy however resulted in weaker emission and faster decay kinetics attributed to energy transfer between the luminescent silver species and POHC defects. Finally subjecting the γ-irradiated Ag-doped glasses to heat treatment near the <em>T</em>_<em>g</em> at 490 °C led to the development of the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and the vanishing of the <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>Ag</mtext><mi>n</mi><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> clusters luminescence. The presence of the matrix-related EC defects was deemed accountable for the thermally induced reduction and consequent precipitation of Ag NPs making the plasmonic glasses attractive for photonic applications such as nonlinear optics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new family of Pt(II) isocyanide complexes with NNC-type pincer ligands: Correlation between structural features and aggregation-induced emission","authors":"Elizaveta V. Durova,&nbsp;Ekaterina E. Galenko,&nbsp;Andrey A. Shtyrov,&nbsp;Mikhail N. Ryazantsev,&nbsp;Kristina S. Kisel,&nbsp;Julia R. Shakirova,&nbsp;Sergey P. Tunik","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four square-planar [(NNC)Pt(CN-Xyl)]OTf complexes bearing a novel tridentate ligands (NNC-1/4) were synthesized and fully characterized. Photophysical properties of the obtained compounds were investigated in acetonitrile solution, solid state and aqueous dispersion. It was shown that the complexes in their monomeric form exhibit moderate phosphorescence in the visible and NIR regions with a clear correlation of emission maxima with the nature of the cyclometalated fragment in the pincer ligand. Complexes with substituted phenyl ring as the C-coordinated fragment <strong>(NNC-1/3)Pt(CN-Xyl)</strong> demonstrate aggregation induced emission (AIE) with a strong red shift of emission bands in the solid state and water dispersions, the magnitude of which correlates with the packing mode of the molecules, i.e., with the number of platinum metal centers taking part in formation of aggregates. The complex containing benzothienyl C-coordinated moiety (<strong>NNC-4)Pt(CN-Xyl</strong>) shows no AIE effects that is in agreement with its structural features, which do not allow formation of the aggregates with short Pt–Pt contacts. All correlations between the photophysical behavior of the complexes, their composition and structural parameters were also confirmed by quantum-chemical calculations based on the analysis of the model systems containing monomers, dimers and trimers of the starting complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmon-enhanced absorption in dielectric layer coated III-V nanowire array decorated with nanoparticles","authors":"Hanchen Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanmeng Chu ,&nbsp;Fuxiang Shang ,&nbsp;Linjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunqi Chen ,&nbsp;Haodong Wang ,&nbsp;ZhouXiang Chen ,&nbsp;Qichao Hou ,&nbsp;Lulu Chen ,&nbsp;Weiou Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Yunyan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The group III-V nanowires (NWs) have broad prospects in the field of photoelectric detection, among which GaN and InN NWs are promising candidates for ultraviolet (UV) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) photodetectors but have rarely been studied in depth. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the further improvement of their photoelectric performance. In this research, we introduce a thin dielectric layer in the structure of nanowire array decorated with metal nanoparticles (NPs) for the first time, demonstrating how dielectric layer between NWs and NPs further improve light absorption efficiency. Surface plasmons (SPs) excited by NPs, along with the dielectric layer which can concentrate the incident light, result in obvious enhancement of the absorption rate, the rationality of this design is supported by the calculation results in both ultraviolet UV and SWIR range. For GaN NWs, light absorption rate can be increased from 76 % to 96 % near 335 nm and for InN NWs the peak of absorption curve rises from 49 % to 97 % near 1550 nm. The simulation results will provide a reference for improving the performance of photodetectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cr3+-doped double-perovskite Sr2(Sc/In)NbO6 phosphors with broadband near-infrared emission","authors":"Lifang Yuan,&nbsp;Junzhong Wang,&nbsp;Zhijin Huang,&nbsp;Kaixiang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cr³⁺-activated broadband near-infrared (NIR) phosphors have attracted considerable interest due to their potential for next-generation intelligent NIR light sources. In this work, novel broadband near-infrared (NIR) phosphors of Cr³⁺-doped Sr₂(Sc/In)NbO₆ were successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction method. Cr³⁺-doped Sr₂ScNbO₆ and Sr₂InNbO₆ exhibit broadband emissions ranging from 700 to 1200 nm centered at 830 nm and 850 nm, respectively, due to the ⁴T₂–⁴A₂ transitions. The optimal doping concentrations of Cr³⁺ in the Sr₂ScNbO₆ and Sr₂InNbO₆ were experimentally determined to be 0.3 % and 0.5 % with PLQY of 40.1 % and 35.2 %, respectively. The activation energy, a measure of thermal quenching performance, for Sr₂ScNbO₆:Cr³⁺ and Sr₂InNbO₆:Cr³⁺ were calculated to be 0.131 and 0.110 eV, respectively. The mechanisms behind the NIR luminescence and thermal quenching were illustrated in detail. Encapsulating prototype broadband NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) devices by combining the as-obtained phosphors with blue LED chips yields the highest NIR output power of 13 mW at 300 mA and a photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 10 % at 30 mA, enabling bio-imaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116918"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halogen atoms doped FeOCl promoting Fe (II)/Fe (III) cycles to accelerate the photo-Fenton-like progress","authors":"Lianqing Yu ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yanxing Liu ,&nbsp;Yaping Zhang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Liana Alvares Rodrigues ,&nbsp;D. Amaranatha Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FeOCl possesses a layered structure that not only effectively catalyzes the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light but has also garnered significant attention for its Fenton-like reaction properties in pollutant degradation. In this study, pure FeOCl and halogen-doped X–FeOCl (X = Br, F, I) were synthesized, exhibiting bandgap widths of 1.77 eV for pure FeOCl and 1.67, 1.69, 1.72 eV for the doped versions, respectively. The X–FeOCl catalysts demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity and Fenton-like properties in the degradation of methylene blue across various pH conditions under simulated visible light exposure. Notably, under neutral conditions, F–FeOCl showed a degradation constant (k) that was 14.56 times higher than that of pure FeOCl during the photo-Fenton-like catalytic process within 30 min. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed that structural distortion and reduced symmetry in X–FeOCl play critical roles in boosting electronic interactions at the doped sites, thereby facilitating the photo-Fenton-like reaction. This task enhances the understanding of FeOCl-based materials as photo-Fenton-like catalysts and offers insights into their applications in water purification and broader environmental remediation based on the degradation of MB dye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A warm - orange light emitting eulytite type NaCaBi2-x(PO4)3: xSm3+ phosphor for white light emitting diodes (W-LEDs) application","authors":"Chitrkant Belodhiya ,&nbsp;D.P. Bisen ,&nbsp;Nameeta Brahme ,&nbsp;Ganesh Ram Banjare ,&nbsp;Sanjay Baghel ,&nbsp;Dipti Sahu ,&nbsp;Yugbodh Patle ,&nbsp;Pradeep Dewagan ,&nbsp;A.S. Sai Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a series of samarium (Sm³⁺) activated eulytite type orthophosphate NaCaBi_2-<em>x</em>(PO₄)₃ i.e. (NCBP: <em>x</em>Sm³⁺) phosphors with varying concentrations (<em>x</em> = 1–7mol%) of Sm³⁺ ions were successfully synthesized using high-temperature solid phase reaction routes. The crystal structure, surface morphology, elemental composition, band gap, thermal stability and optical properties of NCBP: <em>x</em>Sm³⁺ were systematically investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of host and Sm³⁺ doped NCBP exhibited a strong correlation with standard reference data (PDF 47–0836), confirming the successful synthesis of the samples. The band gaps of the host material and NCBP: 0.03Sm³⁺ were determined using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, measuring 4.364 and 4.327 eV, respectively. The (Thermogravimetry analysis) TGA analysis indicates that the TGA curve stabilizes upon reaching 500 °C, confirming that the optimized phosphor maintains high thermal stability, even at elevated temperatures. In the NCBP: <em>x</em>Sm³⁺ phosphor, under the excitation of at 405 nm, phosphors showed three significant emission peaks at 564 nm (green region), 600 nm (orange region) and 645 nm (red region) corresponding to the ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_5/2, ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_7/2, and ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_9/2 spectroscopic transition, respectively. The critical distance was calculated to be 20.33 Å and the energy transfer occurred due to multipolar interaction between activator ions. The Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were found to lie in the deep orange-red region of the CIE diagram. These studies indicate that the NCBP: <em>x</em>Sm³⁺ phosphor have well application prospects as a single component warm solid state lighting device, especially white-light emitting diodes (W-LEDs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 116919"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}