Optical Materials最新文献

{"title":"Studying temperature dependence of lasing characteristics of Yb3+:YSAG ceramics and YAG single crystals from 325 to 400 K","authors":"Vadim Zhmykhov ,&nbsp;Denis Guryev ,&nbsp;Vladimir S. Tsvetkov ,&nbsp;Elena Dobretsova ,&nbsp;Yurii Pyrkov ,&nbsp;Sergey Kuznetsov ,&nbsp;Vitaly Tarala ,&nbsp;Marina Nikova ,&nbsp;Vladimir B. Tsvetkov","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 8.3(3) at. % ytterbium-doped yttrium scandium aluminum garnet (Yb:YSAG) ceramics exhibit a high level of transmittance (over 80 %) in the infrared (IR) range, indicating its superior quality comparable to Yb:YAG single crystals. The Y_2.35Yb_0.25Sc_1.00Al_4.40O₁₂ laser ceramic sample achieved a maximum output power of 2.4 W at an absorbed pump power of 8.1 W at 325 K. In comparison, the 1 at.% Yb: YAG single crystal achieved a maximum output power of 3.9 W at an absorbed pump power of 13.6 W at 325 K. The laser radiation is linearly polarized, with a 90-degree rotation in polarization observed in only one ceramic sample at higher temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 117029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the light-trapping potential of nanowrinkle textures for enhanced photovoltaic performance","authors":"Niveditha Nair ,&nbsp;Anjitha M. Pillai ,&nbsp;Rita Rizzoli ,&nbsp;Bruno P. Falcão ,&nbsp;Caterina Summonte ,&nbsp;Rui N. Pereira ,&nbsp;Arne Nylandsted Larsen ,&nbsp;Peter Balling ,&nbsp;Sanjay K. Ram","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercially feasible self-assembly nanofabrication methods are used to create quasiperiodic nanotexture designs for thin-film solar cells to improve effective light-trapping. In this work, experimental and theoretical methods were used to study the structure, light-trapping capability, and device performance in amorphous silicon solar cells deposited on four distinct quasiperiodic nanowrinkle substrates. The best device showed 9.46 % power conversion efficiency with ∼36 % improvement in short-circuit photocurrent density compared to its flat counterpart. Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to ascertain the degree of light-trapping obtainable from a particular nanotexture. Further, device modeling studies elucidate the effects of variations in layer properties arising from surface irregularities, showing that crowding nanofeatures leads to low fill factors from the increased defects, affecting the apparent doping. The correspondence obtained between the fill factor, autocorrelation length, and recombination rate helps to determine the quality of the material that grows on a particular nanowrinkle surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 117026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural, chemical and photocatalytic properties of strontium gadolinium oxide doped with Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions","authors":"Tijana Stamenković,&nbsp;Vesna Lojpur","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This is the first report of photocatalytic degradation employing SrGd₂O₄ nanoparticles doped with Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions. The sample was prepared <em>via</em> the sol-gel assisted combustion method using concentrations of 1 at% Tm³⁺ and 4 at% Yb³⁺. An X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigation showed that all diffraction peaks are allocated to a pure orthorhombic phase. Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM) revealed the existence of porous agglomerated round-shaped particles, arranged in network-like structures. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) verified the presence of all structural elements, as well as their uniform distribution across the particles. UV-VIS Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-VIS DRS) enabled determination of the band gap, which was calculated to be 4.3 eV. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of OH⁻ groups on the material surface. Photocatalytic properties were observed through the degradation of Methylene Blue. The results indicated that after 4 h of exposure to the simulating sun irradiation, about 50 % of the initial dye concentration was mineralized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 117030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The role of NiO on the structural and optical properties of sodium zinc borate glasses” [Opt. Mater. 109 (2020) 110301]","authors":"Ashraf A. Abul-Magd,&nbsp;H.Y. Morshidy,&nbsp;A.M. Abdel-Ghany","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 117012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide gold nanocomposites based SERS sensor for detection of Zinc complex in nutritional supplements","authors":"Vennila Preethi S ,&nbsp;Gowri Annasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micronutrients, a key factor essential for regulating metabolism and biophysical, biochemical processes, must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Among the various micronutrients, zinc plays a vital role in regulating cell growth, metabolism, immune response, and wound healing. The conventional diagnostic assay for detecting zinc complexes in nutritional supplements involves sophisticated instruments and laborious sample processing procedures. In this study, a label free sensing technique is demonstrated for the detection of zinc complex in nutritional supplements utilizing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Herein, a technique to enhance the inherent weak Raman characteristic peaks of zinc complex is proposed by utilizing the synergistic effect of graphene oxide gold nanocomposites (GOAu) and observed ∼21-fold enhancement as compared to individual graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. A simple GOAu drop cast rigid substrate was fabricated and explored for detection of zinc complex in nutritional supplements with the inherent characteristic peaks at 265, 690, 952, and 1452 cm⁻¹. In addition, the theoretical investigation of synergistic enhancement of nanocomposites is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. Herein, the change in the scattered light field intensity for various concentrations of zinc acetate due to the change of refractive index (RI) was investigated. Additionally, optimization of nanocomposites was performed in which GOAu nanocomposites with gold nanoparticle diameter of 60 nm yielded better Raman signal intensity. The proposed SERS substrate achieved a detection limit of 1 nM with an enhancement factor of 2.1 × 10⁷. Further, this sensor could be a screening tool for the trace-level detection of zinc complexes in nutritional supplements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 117024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effect of pulsed laser deposition on the physical properties of ZnO nanocrystalline gas sensors” [Opt. Mater. 115 (2021) 1–7 111010]","authors":"Ausama I. Khudiar ,&nbsp;Attared M. Ofui","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 117005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced optical fiber fabrication via the MCVD process incorporating pre-synthesized ZrO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Lilia Sennoun ,&nbsp;Ileana Florea ,&nbsp;François Orange ,&nbsp;Michele Ude ,&nbsp;Peter Hesemann ,&nbsp;Ahmad Mehdi ,&nbsp;Wilfried Blanc","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticle-doped optical fibers have experienced significant advancements in recent years, driven by their numerous applications. Nanoparticles (NPs) enable the isolation of luminescent ions from the silica matrix allowing precise engineering of luminescence properties. Additionally, light scattering induced by nanoparticles can also be exploited to develop sensors. The effectiveness of these applications relies on the ability to control the nanoparticle characteristics within the fiber. This study highlights the use of pre-synthesized zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanocrystals as dopant with a particular focus on their characterization at every stage of the manufacturing process. The findings highlight the survival of ZrO₂ nanocrystals throughout the entire process, from the preform to the as-drawn fiber, demonstrating the robustness and potential of this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 117015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Er–Yb co-doped MgNb2O6 ceramics and the exploration of their up-conversion photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties","authors":"Shedrach Yakubu ,&nbsp;Mariana Rodrigues Meirelles ,&nbsp;Funsho Olaitan Kolawole ,&nbsp;Maraísa Gonçalves ,&nbsp;J.A. Eiras ,&nbsp;M.H. Lente","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth (RE) doped ceramic materials are now known to offer considerable promise as phosphors, providing avenues for a wide range of applications in the photon domain when synthesized with appropriate compositions and crystal structures. Furthermore, because of the charge carriers (electron-hole pair) that these phosphors contain, they have also the potential for photoluminescence and photocatalysis. This research explores the solid-state synthesis of RE-doped MgNb₂O₆ and the characterization of their upconversion photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties. Three different compositions of the columbite, MgNb₂O₆, MgNb₂O₆–Er, and MgNb₂O₆–Er-Yb were synthesized via solid-state reaction methods. Their crystallographic structures were confirmed to be orthorhombic for all the three compositions, with slight expansion in the RE-doped compositions' bulk volume. Their measured band gap energy (E_g) were 3.93, 4.03, and 4.03 eV, respectively. The room temperature up-conversion photoluminescence spectra of the as-sintered RE-doped ceramic bodies showed two emissions near 543 nm and 674 nm, which corresponded to the transitions of Er³⁺ ions from ²H_11/2 to ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴F_9/2 to ⁴I_15/2, respectively. As proposed by theoretical models, it was confirmed that the photoluminescence intensity is proportional to the nth power of the excitation intensity. This up-conversion photoluminescence was observed as an enhancement in the fluorescent intensity of the Er–Yb co-doped samples, possibly due to the charge transfer process between Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions. The photocatalysis under UV light and adsorption studies for the decolorization of Victoria blue dye were investigated with about 50 % dye removal in the evaluated conditions. The VB dye removal indicated that the RE-doped MgNb₂O₆ Columbite is potentially applicable in environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 117023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and spectral properties of Y3+ and Gd3+ ions co-doped transparent Yb:CaF2 ceramics","authors":"Feihong Yang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Li ,&nbsp;Peng Luo ,&nbsp;Jing Cheng ,&nbsp;Laiming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transparent Yb:CaF₂ ceramics have recently emerged as a promising ultra-fast laser medium with broad emission bandwidth, long lifetime and suitable thermal properties. However, Yb³⁺ clustering in the CaF₂ host strongly influences the performance of these materials as solid-state laser gain media, and mitigating this clustering remains a challenge. Herein, we introduced Y³⁺ and Gd³⁺ buffer ions simultaneously for the first time to modulate the fluorescence properties of transparent Yb:CaF₂ ceramics and explore the effect of Y³⁺ and Gd³⁺ ions co-doping on the optical quality and microstructure of the ceramics. It was found that transmittance in the short wavelength was improved and fluorescence properties could be modulated to a larger extent compared to single buffer ion doping. This finding establishes the correlation between the double buffer ions doping and the fluorescence properties in transparent Yb:CaF₂ ceramics, and may lead to innovative techniques of transmitting enhancement, as well as its ultrafast laser applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 117018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up-conversion and down-shifting emission traits of Er3+-doped CdO–V2O5–ZnO–B2O3 novel inverted glasses for photonic applications","authors":"O. Soriano-Romero ,&nbsp;M.Y. Espinosa-Cerón ,&nbsp;S. Carmona-Tellez ,&nbsp;U. Caldiño ,&nbsp;Ma E. Zayas ,&nbsp;C. Falcony ,&nbsp;R. Lozada-Morales ,&nbsp;A.N. Meza-Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116970","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;-doped CdO–V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;–ZnO–B&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (CVZB-Er) inverted glasses were synthesized by the melt-quenching method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed an amorphous structure in all Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; doping ranges. This fact was verified by the line shape of Raman spectra, which revealed two broad vibrational bands attributed to V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; and B&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; glass former species. The direct optical band gap (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) values were found around 2.74 eV, without tendency with Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; concentration. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the down-shifting emission spectra exhibited the featured near-infrared Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;13/2&lt;/sub&gt; → &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;15/2&lt;/sub&gt; emission band. Meanwhile, the upconverting (UC) emission spectra, with color purities up to 97 %, displayed the well-known green and red emission bands related to relaxations from the (&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;11/2&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3/2&lt;/sub&gt;) and &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;F&lt;sub&gt;9/2&lt;/sub&gt; excited states to the &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;15/2&lt;/sub&gt; ground one, respectively. This process is dominated by a linear decay mechanism, as revealed by the dependence of the intensity versus the excitation laser power. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameters, obtained by the least-square method from the experimental and calculated oscillator strengths, resulted in Ω&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; = 6.43 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−20&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ω&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.96 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−20&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and Ω&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.53 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−20&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; for the CVZB glass activated with 2.8 mol% of Er&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;. Such values are close to those reported in other glass systems. Moreover, the radiative transitions arising from the &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;13/2&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3/2&lt;/sub&gt;, states to the &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;15/2&lt;/sub&gt; ground one presented radiative branching ratio (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) values higher than 0.6, and total radiative transfer probabilities &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;13/2&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;15/2&lt;/sub&gt;) = 782.46 s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3/2&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;→&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;15/2&lt;/sub&gt;) = 10248.56 s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. For the &lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;13/2&lt;/sub&gt;→&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;I&lt;sub&gt;15/2&lt;/sub&gt; emission transition, laser parameters such as the stimulated emission cross-section (σ&lt;sub&gt;em&lt;/sub&gt;(λ) = 1.57 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−20&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), gain bandwidth (σ&lt;sub&gt;em&lt;/sub&gt;(λ) × Δλ&lt;sub&gt;em&lt;/sub&gt;=9.3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−26&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), optical gain (σ&lt;sub&gt;em&lt;/sub&gt;(λ) × &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;τ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=2.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−23&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;s) and qua","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 116970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}