Optical Materials最新文献

{"title":"Electro-optical properties of Cu:KTa0.57Nb0.43O3 crystal near the FE-PE phase transition region","authors":"Xiaochen Liu ,&nbsp;Shenao Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Liu ,&nbsp;Yuguo Yang ,&nbsp;Fudi Chen ,&nbsp;Yue Han ,&nbsp;Lijie Jin ,&nbsp;Jiyang Wang ,&nbsp;Xuping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electro-optical (EO) effect has important applications in laser modulation field, such as laser deflector, phase modulator, Q-switch etc, potassium tantalate niobate (KTa_1-xNb_xO₃, KTN) series of crystal is an important multifunctional crystal for its excellent electro-optical, photorefractive, and nonlinear properties. Especially, KTN crystal has the largest quadratic EO coefficient known as reported. However, the EO effect of KTN crystal has a strong temperature dependence, and the pronounced Kerr effect is observed near the Curie temperature. Here, the EO properties, including the linear EO effect and quadratic EO effect, of KTN and Cu-doped KTN crystals were systematically studied near the Curie phase transition region. High-quality KTN and Cu:KTN crystals were grown by the off-center top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method and the Ta/Nb ratio of the KTN and Cu:KTN crystals are 0.57/0.43. Dielectric temperature spectroscopy measurement indicates that the Curie temperature of the KTa_0.57Nb_0.43O₃ and Cu:KTa_0.57Nb_0.43O₃ crystal are 45.4, 52.3 °C respectively. The KTa_0.57Nb_0.43O₃ and Cu:KTa_0.57Nb_0.43O₃ samples were used to electro-optic measurements after polarization treatment along c-axis of the crystal. KTN and Cu:KTN show both excellent linear EO effect in ferroelectric (FE) state and quadratic EO effect in paraelectric (PE) state. The linear EO effect and quadratic EO effect work together near the FE-PE phase transition region. The half-wave voltages of the KTN and Cu:KTN samples varies between 500V and 50V from 5 °C to 95 °C, which are one to two orders lower of magnitude than conventional electro-optic crystals. This work shows that the Cu:KTN crystal has important application prospects in the laser modulation field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of organic solvents on the production of graphene quantum dots via liquid-phase exfoliation","authors":"Kashif Abbas,&nbsp;Peirui Ji,&nbsp;Muhammad Faizan Ameer,&nbsp;Shuming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibit pronounced quantum confinement and edge effects, resulting in tunable band gaps, high photostability, and chemical robustness, which make them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. In this work, GQDs were probe sonicated using three organic solvents, N–methyl–2–pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dichloromethane (DCM) to elucidate the role of solvent properties on exfoliation efficiency and resulting structure property relationships. Structural and morphological analysis revealed pronounced solvent–dependent differences. GQDs produced in NMP exhibited the smallest lateral dimensions (∼2–10 nm), narrow thickness distribution (∼1.6–6.1 nm), and improved structural ordering, as evidenced by a relatively sharp (002) diffraction feature and the lowest Raman I_D/I_G ratio (0.34), indicating reduced defect density. UV–visible absorption spectra showed a blue–shifted absorption edge for NMP–derived GQDs, while optical band gaps estimated from Tauc plots yielded values of 2.75 eV (NMP), 2.53 eV (DMF), and 2.35 eV (DCM). Consistently, photoluminescence measurements revealed the strongest and most blue–shifted emission for NMP–exfoliated GQDs, confirming enhanced quantum confinement and suppressed non–radiative recombination. These results demonstrate that solvent selection critically governs the structural and optical quality of GQDs, with NMP enabling the formation of highly uniform and optically superior GQDs suitable for scalable optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Tb3+ co-doping on luminescence and scintillation performance of Y1.70Gd1.25Al2.8Ga2.15O12:Ce,Tb garnet films","authors":"Warut Chewpraditkul ,&nbsp;Kriangkrai Wantong ,&nbsp;Weerapong Chewpraditkul ,&nbsp;Nakarin Pattanaboonmee ,&nbsp;Romana Kucerkova ,&nbsp;Alena Beitlerova ,&nbsp;Dita Strachotova ,&nbsp;Stanislav Danis ,&nbsp;Martin Nikl ,&nbsp;Miroslav Kucera","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Y_1.70Gd_1.25Al_2.8Ga_2.15O₁₂:Ce,Tb (YGAGG:Ce,Tb) single-crystalline films (SCFs) with Tb³⁺ co-doping concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 at.% were grown on Gd₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ single crystal substrate using the isothermal liquid phase epitaxy method. The photoluminescence, radioluminescence, and scintillation properties were systematically studied with the aim to enhance the integral radioluminescence intensity. The bidirectional energy transfer process between Tb³⁺ and Ce³⁺ ions was confirmed by means of photoluminescence spectra and decay kinetics measurements. Under soft X-ray excitation, YGAGG:Ce,Tb1% SCF exhibited the highest relative intensity of the Ce³⁺ emission and the highest integral radioluminescence yield of ∼180 % of Tb - free YGAGG:Ce one. Conversely, the scintillation light yield, measured within a few μs time gate under excitation with high-energy ionizing radiation, does not increase upon co-doping with Tb³⁺ ions. Under excitation with 5.5 MeV α-particles from a²³⁸Pu radioactive source, the scintillation light yield of 8750 photons/MeV and good energy resolution of 5.5 % obtained for the YGAGG:Ce SCF are better than the values obtained for the YGAGG:Ce,Tb1% one (6740 photons/MeV and 14.3%). High integral radioluminescence yield of this YGAGG:Ce,Tb1% SCF along with rather high onset temperature for thermal quenching of 362 K of the Ce³⁺-related emission makes it a promising scintillator for utilization in medical X-ray imaging devices. Due to the particularly high thermal stability of Tb³⁺-related emission up to ∼700 K the Tb-doped garnets are suitable for high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of formation of amorphous Si phase in SiOxNy films produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition","authors":"Mariia V. Voitovych ,&nbsp;Andrey Sarikov ,&nbsp;Volodymyr O. Yukhymchuk ,&nbsp;Vasyl V. Voitovych ,&nbsp;Mykola O. Semenenko","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peculiarities of formation of inclusions of amorphous Si (a-Si) phase in Si-rich Si oxynitride films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are studied by combined Raman scattering and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy. The Raman scattering results identify presence of a-Si phase in the studied films at the relative Si content exceeding a threshold value of about 0.4. The a-Si amount correlates with the concentration of hydrogen in the films, the presence of which is detected by characteristic IR absorption bands corresponding to Si–H bending (∼660 cm⁻¹) and stretching (a composite band in the range of ∼1900–2400 cm⁻¹) vibrations. The method of deconvolution of IR absorbance spectra in the range of ∼600–1300 cm⁻¹ developed earlier is used to reliably separate the IR band at ∼660 cm⁻¹. This band is identified to origin from the amorphous Si phase within the studied Si oxynitride films. This makes it possible to propose IR spectroscopy with analysis of the low-wavenumber part of the spectra as an efficient method of identifying phase composition of Si-rich Si oxynitride films. The obtained results contribute to understanding of the regularities of formation of phase compositions of PECVD grown Si oxynitride films and are useful for controlling the films properties for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling between dual resonance modes of plasmonic nanorod arrays and emission of R6G in plasmon resonance energy transfer","authors":"Sonia Ghafoor,&nbsp;Lefei Zhang,&nbsp;Hongjie Huang,&nbsp;Pei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET) enhances energy transfer between plasmonic nanostructures and fluorophores by exploiting spectral overlap, thereby strengthening the light-matter interactions. However, conventional PRET systems rely on single-mode coupling, which limits their tunability and applicability to fluorophores with broad or multipeak emission spectra. Here, we introduce a dual-mode PRET system consisting of silver nanorod arrays coupled with Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules embedded in a PMMA matrix. By tuning the nanorod length, we achieved the simultaneous coupling of two longitudinal plasmonic resonance modes with the R6G emission band. Importantly, a strong emission peak results from the enhanced excitation and emission rates of R6G molecules caused by the well-spectral overlap between the plasmonic resonance modes of the silver nanorods and the R6G emission band, reducing the fluorescence lifetime to 0.43 ns. In contrast, weak spectral overlap produces a lower emission intensity and a longer fluorescence lifetime of 2.1 ns. The proposed PRET system can offer a tunable dual-mode platform with promising potential for next-generation biosensing, fluorescence modulation, and photonic-device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117890"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1D-iodoplumbates(II) of cyclic aliphatic diammoniums: Role of organic cation in the supramolecular organization and its influence on the anionic substructure and luminescent properties","authors":"Andrei V. Bykov ,&nbsp;Tatiana A. Shestimerova ,&nbsp;Mikhail A. Bykov ,&nbsp;Sergey G. Dorofeev ,&nbsp;Victoria E. Gontcharenko ,&nbsp;Konstantin A. Lyssenko ,&nbsp;Mikhail T. Metlin ,&nbsp;Ilya V. Taydakov ,&nbsp;Anastasia V. Grigorieva ,&nbsp;Andrei V. Shevelkov","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-dimensional metal halides emerge as materials for optoelectronics beyond perovskite photovoltaic applications. In a search for physical grounds of optical halometallate properties differences, we have investigated two homologous dications of cyclic aliphatic amines that are homopiperazine (Hpipe, C₅H₁₂N₂, 1,4-diazocycloheptan) and piperazine (Pipe, C₄H₁₀N₂, 1,4-diazocyclohexan) as structure-directing agents. Mixing of solutions of respective cations and PbI₂ in concentrated hydroiodic acid results in obtaining new compound (HpipeH₂){PbI₅}(I)·H₂O (<strong>1</strong>) and (PipeH₂){PbI₅}(I)·H₂O (<strong>2</strong>), the latter being described in the literature. <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> demonstrate analogous yet non-isomorphous crystal structures, they share an identical anionic substructure, composed by a zigzag chain-like <em>cis</em>-{PbI₅}^3– 1D-anion and an isolated I⁻ ion, as well as the same packing of all structural fragments. This rare situation among low-dimensional hybrid metal halide structures provides a unique platform for disentangling the effects of closely related cations on the supramolecular organization, more importantly, on the geometry of the halometallate anion without packing nuances, and, consequently, on optical properties, especially luminescence. A minor distinction in the cation's size and topology leads to dissimilar hydrogen bond systems and, most critically, distortion degrees of the iodoplumbate anion. Both compounds exhibit dual-band photoluminescence consisting of violet free exciton (FE) and yellow/orange (<strong>1/2</strong>) self-trapped exciton (STE) emission. The greater distortion of halometallate anion in <strong>1</strong> results in a larger Huang–Rhys factor, which governs the characteristics of the STE band and influences the thermal quenching efficiency. Vibrational spectra and thermal stability are also analyzed and correlated with structural features in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dispersion of carbon quantum dots of low concentrations into nematic liquid crystal mixture E7 on the optical properties and zeta potential of composite systems","authors":"Dhananjay Kumar Gaur ,&nbsp;Kaushlendra Agrahari ,&nbsp;Md Bayazeed Alam ,&nbsp;Avanish Singh Parmar ,&nbsp;Shri Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a novel member of the carbon-based nanomaterial family, have exhibited exceptional physical and chemical properties. Dispersing quantum dots (QDs) into mesophase materials has emerged as an effective approach to modifying the physical properties of host liquid crystals. In this work, CQDs at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 wt% were dispersed into the nematic liquid crystal mixture E7, and the effects of this dispersion on the optical properties and zeta potential of both pure and composite systems were investigated. The incorporation of CQDs significantly influenced the UV–visible absorbance and photoluminescence characteristics of the host medium. Fluorescence decay analysis revealed changes in the fluorescence lifetime upon CQD dispersion, indicating energy transfer from E7 to the CQDs. Zeta potential measurements showed increased values for 0.25 and 0.50 wt% CQD concentrations, while a decrease was observed at 1.0 wt%, compared to pure E7. These findings suggest that zeta potential analysis provides valuable insights into the stability and aggregation behavior of CQDs in the nematic host matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling power-dependent ablation morphologies, phase transition dynamics, and oxidation mechanisms in femtosecond laser ablation of molybdenum: Experiment and multi-scale modeling","authors":"Chang Liu,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Junjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Femtosecond laser processing of molybdenum (Mo) has emerged as a key technology in manufacturing and micromachining due to its high precision and minimal thermal damage. This study employs a combined experimental and simulation modeling approach to systematically investigate the power-induced ablation morphology and phase-change oxidation process of molybdenum under femtosecond laser irradiation. The proposed model adopts layered coupling of the two-temperature coupled molecular dynamics (TTM-MD) model and the reaction force field (ReaxFF) model, thereby achieving effective simulation of the ultra-fast energy deposition process and the evolution of dynamic chemical bonds. The results show that ablation edges form layered corrugated structures at low power levels. These structures transform into boiling-induced honeycomb structures at medium power levels, whereas micrometer-scale periodic structures are formed at high power levels. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data reveal that oxygen content within the ablation zone is lower than at the ablation edges. Oxidation weakens initially due to the laser cleaning effect but significantly intensifies at high power, attributed to a mechanism dominated by secondary oxidation. The TTM-MD reveals a lattice structure change different from that of face-centered cubic (fcc) metal, where the lattice structure of molybdenum foil is changed from body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice to hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and a disordered structure. The oxidation model indicates that fragment sputtering occurring during the ablation process consists of oxide clusters. This study provides important guidance for the high-quality femtosecond laser micro-nano fabrication of molybdenum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ce3+ doped Al2O3-YAG binary and Al2O3-YAG-ZrO2 ternary eutectic ceramics solidified by micro-pulling down technique: Numerical analysis, Microstructure and optical characterization","authors":"Peng Chen ,&nbsp;Faiza Mokhtari ,&nbsp;Yannick Guyot ,&nbsp;Abdeldjelil Nehari ,&nbsp;Anne Pillonnet ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Xu ,&nbsp;Kheirreddine Lebbou","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ce:Al₂O₃–YAG binary and Ce:Al₂O₃–YAG–ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramics were synthesized by the micro-pulling-down (<em>μ</em>-PD) method to evaluate the influence of ZrO₂ addition on their microstructure, residual stress, and luminescent characteristics. Increasing Ce³⁺ concentration resulted in progressively deeper surface coloration, consistent with its chromophoric behavior. The microstructural analysis of SEM revealed a typical “Chinese script” morphology in the binary eutectic, whereas the ternary system exhibited a colony-like architecture. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of binary and ternary eutectic structures without secondary phases over the investigated Ce³⁺ concentration range. The binary system exhibited lower residual stress compared with the ternary counterpart under identical processing conditions. Photoluminescence spectra demonstrated efficient visible emission in both systems, although concentration quenching was evident at higher Ce³⁺ levels. A finite element simulation incorporating induction heating, convection, and radiation was conducted to model thermal transport and melt flow during <em>μ</em>-PD growth. The results indicated that the highest crucible temperature was located near the coil center, and that melt flow was primarily governed by Marangoni convection—more pronounced in the ternary system due to its reduced viscosity and enhanced thermocapillary forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BiVO4-g-C3N4 nanocomposites as multifunctional materials for photocatalytic dye degradation and nonlinear optical applications","authors":"Kannan Nagarajan ,&nbsp;Saidurga Rajkumar ,&nbsp;Sundara Venkatesh Perumalsamy ,&nbsp;Sabari Girisun T. Chidambaram ,&nbsp;Jeganathan Kulandaivel ,&nbsp;Thangadurai Paramasivam","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BiVO₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesised through a simple chemical method, and their photocatalytic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated. XRD confirms the phase composition and crystallinity, while the XPS study reveals strong interfacial electronic interactions, indicating the Z-scheme formation. The BG-1:3 (0.25g of BiVO₄ and 0.75g of g-C₃N₄) nanocomposite (NC) exhibited a reduced bandgap of 2.65 eV, leading to improved charge separation and visible light absorption. This composite degrades 94% of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under sunlight illumination within 90 min and has excellent photostability over four consecutive cycles. Scavenger studies identified holes (h⁺) played the predominant role in the degradation process, followed by hydroxyl (<span><math><mrow><mo>·</mo><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> ^-) and superoxide (O₂⁻) radicals. Furthermore, open-aperture Z-scan analysis demonstrated that the BG-1:3 NC exhibited reverse saturable absorption (RSA), primarily governed by sequential two-photon absorption (2PA), with a high 2PA coefficient (β) of 1.24 × 10⁻¹⁰ m/W and a low optical limiting threshold of 1.72 × 10¹² W/m².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117980"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}