Optical Materials最新文献

{"title":"Processing and characterisation of polystyrene coatings and free-standing plates","authors":"L.J.B. Erasmus ,&nbsp;D. Poelman ,&nbsp;P.F. Smet ,&nbsp;J.J. Terblans ,&nbsp;H.C. Swart","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, polystyrene (PS) coatings were prepared on quartz substrates by using a dip coating method. The refractive index, dispersion, and thickness of the coatings were determined using an extended Swanepoel's method. This method accounted for coatings coated on the front and back sides of the substrate and thickness variation across the coating. By adjusting the solution's molarity, the substrate's rate of withdrawal, and the number of coating process iterations, the impact on the coating's thickness was investigated. These findings were used to create an empirical model that allowed the thickness of the final coatings to be calculated using the experimental parameters. A quartz slide (49 mm × 49 mm x 1 mm) was coated with a 6.1 (±0.2) μm layer of PS. The thickness was verified using an independent method which demonstrated the validity of the empirical relation. Free-standing PS plates were also produced and characterised. These plates were made utilising a purposely made cast using the solution casting method. The PS samples produced have high transmittance in the UV, visible, and near-infrared wavelength ranges with an average absorption coefficient of 1.7 ± 0.9 cm⁻¹. Because of this, they are well suited for use in some optical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light photoresistance and response time of samarium doped zinc oxide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition","authors":"Yu-Tso Liao ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Jyun-Han Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Lun Wei ,&nbsp;Shi-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Bi-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;Ming-Yau Chern ,&nbsp;Fang-Yuh Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Samarium doped zinc oxide (Sm:ZnO) thin films were fabricated on <em>c</em>-oriented sapphire substrates by pulsed-laser deposition with Sm dopant from 0 to 10 at.%. X-ray diffraction patterns, X-ray fluorescence mapping, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra indicated uniform incorporation of Sm into ZnO lattice without secondary phase. With increasing Sm concentration, zinc vacancy or oxygen interstitial is formed to maintain electrical neutrality, which are identified by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increasing defect concentration and decreasing exciton binding energy enhanced the photoresistance response in visible regime, where the absolute value of normalized resistance response was between 2 % and 8.79 % by 1 mW blue laser (wavelength of 450 nm) illumination for Sm:ZnO thin films. Time-dependent photoresistance measurements revealed two response times. The shorter response time, around 1.2–26.7 s, is contributed by the free electron-hole pair generation/recombination and the response of carriers trapped in deep level defects. The longer response time, around 76–858 s, is contributed by the captured oxygen on the thin film surface. Overall, the 5 at.% Sm:ZnO thin film is the best for photodetection applications due to its high photoresistance response and short response time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence of CaAl2O4:Eu2+ phosphors for high-sensitivity optical thermometry and enhanced cathodoluminescence with carbon dots","authors":"Su-Hua Yang,&nbsp;Chih-Chieh Ho,&nbsp;Yi-Yan Tsai,&nbsp;Shun-Ming Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the crystalline phases and functional properties of CaAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ phosphors synthesized via the sol-gel method, with a focus on applications in optical thermometry and cathodoluminescence (CL) devices. During phosphor synthesis, heat treatment facilitated the formation of the primary CaAl₂O₄ phase; however, intermediate phases, such as CaAl₄O₇ and Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃ were also produced. These miscellaneous phases gradually diminished with increasing synthesis temperature. A nearly single-phase monoclinic CaAl₂O₄ phosphor was obtained at 1400 °C. The critical energy transfer distance between Eu²⁺ ions was calculated to be 17.83 Å, with shorter Eu²⁺-Eu²⁺ separations leading to dipole-dipole interactions that decreased photoluminescence (PL) intensity. The CaAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ exhibited excellent thermometric sensitivity, achieving an absolute sensitivity of 7.91 × 10⁻³ K⁻¹ and a relative sensitivity of 2.02 × 10⁻² K⁻¹ at 383 K. Furthermore, carbon coating suppressed the PL intensity but enhanced the CL intensity by 1.74-fold compared to the uncoated phosphor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared dielectric function of photochromic thiazolothiazole-embedded polymer","authors":"Nuren Z. Shuchi ,&nbsp;Tyler J. Adams ,&nbsp;Naz F. Tumpa ,&nbsp;Dustin Louisos ,&nbsp;Glenn D. Boreman ,&nbsp;Michael G. Walter ,&nbsp;Tino Hofmann","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical technologies that offer dynamic spectral control have been becoming more prevalent in recent years. Driven by this increased demand for tunable optical devices, substantial research efforts have been dedicated to the development of novel photo-responsive materials. In recent years, photochromic thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz)-embedded polymers has emerged as promising candidate for technologies ranging from optical recording systems, tunable metasurfaces, to tinted lenses and smart windows. To effectively design, fabricate, and optimize tunable optical devices incorporating photochromic thiazolothiazole-embedded polymers, an accurate understanding of their complex dielectric function is fundamental to contemporary research. In this work, the infrared dielectric function of photochromic dipyridinium thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole embedded in polymer is reported. Bulk TTz-embedded polymer samples were prepared by drop casting and dehydration in room temperature. The samples were investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry in the infrared spectral range from 500 cm⁻¹ to 1800 cm⁻¹ before and after photochromism induced by a 405 nm diode laser. The model dielectric functions of the thiazolothiazole-embedded polymer film for its TTz<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> (unirradiated) and TTz⁰ (irradiated) states are composed of a series of Lorentz oscillators in the measured spectral range. A comparison of the obtained complex dielectric functions for the TTz<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and TTz⁰ states shows that the oscillators located in the spectral ranges 500 cm⁻¹–700 cm⁻¹, 1300 cm⁻¹–1400 cm⁻¹, and 1500 cm⁻¹–1700 cm⁻¹ change in both amplitude and resonant frequency upon transition between the states. Additionally, a resonance at approximately 1050 cm⁻¹ exhibited a change in oscillator amplitude but not resonant frequency due to the photochromic transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmon-enhanced optical performance in S-bend pedestal-type TeO2–ZnO waveguides doped with Nd3+","authors":"Daniel K. Kumada ,&nbsp;Igor Y. Abe ,&nbsp;Thiago V. Fernandes ,&nbsp;Marcos V.M. Nishimura ,&nbsp;Marco I. Alayo ,&nbsp;Luciana R.P. Kassab","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the fabrication and optical characterization of curved pedestal waveguides based on Nd³⁺ doped TeO₂–ZnO (TZ) thin films, with and without gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), for near-infrared photonic applications at 1064 nm. The waveguides were fabricated using RF sputtering, direct-write photolithography, and reactive ion etching (RIE), and exhibit well-defined S-bend geometries. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to verify structural fidelity and confirm the defined waveguide geometry, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed low surface roughness (Sa = 0.5 ± 0.3 nm), supporting efficient light coupling. Propagation losses of about 1.0 dB/cm were determined for 10 μm S-bend waveguides, whereas smaller widths showed higher losses that reached 6.0 dB/cm. Samples containing Au NPs exhibited an approximate 33 % increase in photoluminescence intensity, attributed to local electric field enhancement effects. The best performance was observed for 2 and 4 μm width S-bend waveguides whose relative gains reached ∼4.0 dB/cm, at 1064 nm, indicating an increase of about 100 % due to Au NPs. However, considering the propagation losses, the internal gain analysis revealed positive values for the 10, 8, and 4 μm wide S-bend waveguides with and without Au NPs. These findings confirm the potential of Nd³⁺ TZ S-bend waveguides with plasmonic enhancement for integrated near-infrared (NIR) amplifiers and light sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase dependent luminescence properties of Pr3+ doped BaLu2F8–BaLuF5 materials","authors":"Sanu Bifal Maji ,&nbsp;Alexander Vanetsev ,&nbsp;Hugo Mändar ,&nbsp;Vitali Nagirnyi ,&nbsp;Kirill Chernenko ,&nbsp;Jekaterina Kozlova ,&nbsp;Aleksei Kotlov ,&nbsp;Yevheniia Smortsova ,&nbsp;Marco Kirm","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a comparative luminescence study of Pr³⁺ doped phase-pure BaLuF₅ and mixed-phase BaLu₂F₈ – BaLuF₅ materials synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The spectroscopic studies were mainly performed for phase-pure BaLuF₅ and two mixed-phase materials, which, according to structural and phase compositional analysis, contained 90 or 70 wt% of orthorhombic BaLu₂F₈ and 10 or 30 wt% of cubic BaLuF₅, respectively. Low-temperature time-integrated photoluminescence measurements under both host excitation at 45 eV and intracenter excitation of Pr³⁺ ions at 6.75 eV revealed pronounced differences in luminescence between the two systems. The phase-pure BaLuF₅ material exhibited only narrow 4f²→4f² transitions of Pr³⁺, because the 4f¹5d¹states are energetically situated above the highest lying 4f² ¹S₀ level. In contrast, the BaLu₂F₈ rich mixed-phase material showed multiple intense broad bands in the UV-C spectral region due to the 4f¹5d¹→4f² transitions, in addition to intense 4f²→4f² emissions in the visible spectral range, indicating enhanced energy transfer processes influenced by the orthorhombic host matrix. A cascade emission mechanism in Pr³⁺ starting from the ¹S₀ level was revealed in both materials by the presence of characteristic emissions at 3.04 eV (¹S₀→¹I₆) and 2.57 eV (³P₀→³H₄) appearing in two sequent radiative relaxation stages. Time-integrated excitation spectra highlighted distinct excitation bands associated with different Pr³⁺ energy levels populated below the fundamental absorption edge. Time-resolved spectroscopy of the 4f¹5d¹→4f² emissions revealed bi-exponential decay kinetics, distinguishing surface-perturbed and bulk Pr³⁺ centers, with significantly different lifetimes in each phase. The varying intensity ratio of the 4f¹5d¹→4f² and 4f²→4f² emissions demonstrates that, depending on the phase composition, it is possible to control the nature of Pr³⁺ emissions, enabling the design of multifunctional luminescent nanomaterials for diverse applications of deep UV emissions in phototherapy and optoelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible SERS sensing substrate for highly sensitive detection and in-situ detection of Hazardous substances","authors":"Jiangfeng Liu,&nbsp;Zhao Xu,&nbsp;Sumei Wang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Xiaolin Qi,&nbsp;Lan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a powerful technique for the detection of ultralow concentration molecules. Flexible SERS substrates, in contrast to their rigid counterparts, offer unique merits, leading to their broad applications in point of care diagnosis, food safety assessment, and environmental monitoring. In this work, we exploited the outstanding micro-nano structure processing capabilities of femtosecond lasers to precisely engineer the surface structure of materials. By integrating periodic superhydrophobic structure with hydrophobicity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), we achieved the stable fixation of droplets at designated positions. This configuration effectively concentrated target detection molecules within a 400 μm diameter hydrophobic region. Notably, employing microliter scale samples, we successfully achieved sensitive detection at femtomolar level (10⁻¹⁶ M) with relatively stable performance. Leveraging the remarkable flexibility of PDMS, the flexible substrate can be used to sample from complex curved surfaces, enabling in-situ detection of sweat components and pesticide residues on vegetable surfaces. The limit of detection for thiram on eggplant surfaces is 10 ppb. This research presents a novel method for fabricating flexible SERS substrates with high detection sensitivity, which hold great potential for various practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous 5.22–5.31 μm wavelength lasing in optical fiber based on Tb3+-doped gallium-free selenide glass","authors":"M.V. Sukhanov,&nbsp;E.N. Lashmanov,&nbsp;T.V. Kotereva,&nbsp;A.P. Velmuzhov,&nbsp;V.S. Shiryaev","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A gallium-free terbium-doped Ge–Sb–Se chalcogenide glass, suitable for preparation and purification by effective and relatively low-labor methods of reactive and simple distillation of germanium and antimony selenides, is proposed as a middle IR laser material. The effect of impurities in terbium on the glass purity is reduced by decreasing rare earth metal concentration. A 15/230 μm diameter core-clad Tb³⁺-doped Ge–Sb–Se/As–Ge–S glass fiber is fabricated by a double crucible technique. It is shown that a 7 m long piece of produced active fiber provides continuous wave lasing in the spectral range of 5.22–5.31 μm with an output power of up to 60 mW and a slope efficiency of 3.7 %. Transition metal impurities with a total content of 0.7 ppm(wt), impurities of H₂O, SeH-, GeH-, Ge–O groups and bonds with absorption coefficients of 0.002–0.007 cm⁻¹, and total optical losses of 2.5 dB/m at 1.46 μm do not limit the possibility of achieving mid-IR laser emission in this active fiber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FA+ and Cs+ substituted thermally stable MA-based triple cation perovskite absorber layer on spray deposited TiO2 ETL layer","authors":"Asim Aftab,&nbsp;Md Imteyaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pure methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) perovskites are sensitive to moisture and processing conditions. MAPbI₃ is comparatively more sensitive to moisture than FAPbI₃; however, unlike FAPbI₃, it does not show any non-perovskite phase at room temperature (RT). Although stabilization of FAPbI₃-based perovskite through partial substitution of the A-site has been explored extensively, a similar strategy for MAPbI₃ stabilization has not been explored much. We have partially substituted FA⁺ and Cs⁺ for MAPbI₃ (forming Cs_0.1FA_0.15MA_0.75PbI₃ perovskite) to improve the structural and thermal stability. Adding Cs⁺ along with FA⁺ restricts the formation of any undesired phase, while the structure remained stable up to 1000 h when stored at 70 °C, thus improving structural and thermal stability. The device fabricated on spray-deposited TiO₂ ETL realized PCE close to 16 %. The cells retained about 65 % of their original efficiency after ageing for 1000 h at 70 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting energy transfer from self-trapped exciton to Er3+ in rare-earth based Cs2NaGdCl6 double perovskites via antimony sensitization for dual-functional applications","authors":"Yanzhu Wang,&nbsp;Yanting Liu,&nbsp;Siqi Sheng,&nbsp;Qiumei Li,&nbsp;Lili Meng,&nbsp;Hua Yao,&nbsp;Qian Chen,&nbsp;Jieni Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rare-earth based double perovskites (DPs) can effectively solve the poor controllability of lanthanide ions (Ln³⁺) doping concentrations in traditional double perovskites. In this study, we reshape the UV excitability of Er³⁺ by constructing an energy transfer (ET) channel from STE to Er³⁺ in the rare-earth based Cs₂NaGdCl₆ DPs, achieving efficient green emission with the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 82.78 %. Excitingly, high-sensitivity temperature measurement within the temperature range of 303–430K is achieved based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum relative sensitivities S_R (I_{526 nm}/I_{552 nm}) and S_R (I_{526 nm}/I_{460 nm}) of Cs₂NaGd_0.965Cl₆: 0.005Sb³⁺, 0.03Er³⁺ reach 1.11 % K⁻¹ and 0.90 % K⁻¹, respectively, indicating that Cs₂NaGd_0.965Cl₆: 0.005Sb³⁺, 0.03Er³⁺ is promising optical temperature sensing material. Furthermore, a white light-emitting diode (WLED) device was fabricated using Cs₂NaGd_0.965Cl₆: 0.005Sb³⁺, 0.03Er³⁺ and commercial red phosphor CaAlSiN₃: Eu²⁺ with a 365 nm chip, which exhibited a color rendering index (CRI) of 95.1, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4989 K, and CIE coordinates of (0.3443, 0.3397). This work broadens the application of rare-earth based Cs₂NaGdCl₆ DPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 117308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}